Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia, one of the three Maritime and one of the four Atlantic provinces of Canada, bordered on the north by the Bay of Fundy, the province of
New Brunswick, Northumberland Strait, and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and on the east, south, and west by the Atlantic Ocean. Nova Scotia consists primarily of a mainland section, linked to New Brunswick by the Isthmus of Chignecto, and Cape
Breton Island, separated from the mainland by the Strait of Canso. On July 1,
1867, Nova Scotia became one of the founding members of the Canadian
Confederation. The province's name, which is Latin for New Scotland, was first applied to the region in the 1620s by settlers from Scotland.
Physical Geography
Nova Scotia can be divided into four major geographical regions-the
Atlantic Uplands, the Nova Scotia Highlands, the Annapolis Lowland, and the
Maritime Plain. The Atlantic Uplands, which occupy most of the southern part of the province, are made up of ancient resistant rocks largely overlain by rocky glacial deposits. The Nova Scotia Highlands are composed of three separate areas of uplands. The western section includes North Mountain, a long ridge of traprock along the Bay of Fundy; the central section takes in the Cobequid
Mountains, which rise to 367 m (1204 ft) atop Nuttby Mountain; and the eastern section contains the Cape Breton Highlands, with the province's highest point.
The Annapolis Lowland, in the west, is a small area with considerable fertile soil. Nova Scotia's fourth region, the Maritime Plain, occupies a small region fronting on Northumberland Strait. The plain is characterized by a low, undulating landscape and substantial areas of fertile soil.
History
The area now known as Nova Scotia was originally inhabited by tribes of
Abenaki and Micmac peoples. The Venetian explorer John Cabot, sailing under the
English flag, may have reached Cape Breton Island in 1497.
Colonial Period
The first settlers of the area were the French, who called it Acadia and founded Port Royal in 1605. Acadia included present-day New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. The English, rivals of the French in Europe and the New World, refused to recognize French claims to Acadia, which they called Nova Scotia (New Scotland) and granted to the Scottish poet and courtier
Sir William Alexander in 1621. This act initiated nearly a century of Anglo-
French conflict, resolved by the British capture of Port Royal (now Annapolis
Royal) in 1710 and the French cession of mainland Acadia to the British by the
Peace of Utrecht in 1713. Thus, the bulk of the Roman Catholic French-Acadians came under Protestant British rule.
The war allowed the Britain to take control and power of Acadia, because the control was often changing. Britain not only gained Acadia’s control but also had the power of the Caribbean Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The two sides negotiated a peace treaty at Utrecht in Netherlands, and agreed to give back some of the other colonies it had captured during the war. Britain offered only to give up one, Acadia, Guadeloupe or Martinique. The French decided to give up Acadia because the other colonies had more valuable items like sugar. In the end the British took control of Acadia and then became a British
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The French colonized the region of Acadia, which is now Nova Scotia, and the Acadians were the French colonists who lived in the area. However, there were also English colonists in the area and the groups didn’t get along well. The French lost Nova Scotia to the British in a war which led to the Treaty of Utrecht (signed in 1713) which formally named Acadia as a British territory (Dormon, 39). The treaty forced the Acadians to swear an oath of allegiance to the British crown which they refused because this would require them to renounce their Catholic religion for that of the Anglican church, because of this the likelihood of another war with the French was high. The Acadians refusal to swear an oath to the British caused the British to order a deportation of the Acadians who then fled with whatever they could carry.
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the Strait of Belle Isle, and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; on the south by New
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