Norway is made up of 118,834 square miles mainland, with much of its territory having vast, yet rugged, coastal borders with the North Sea, the North Atlantic Sea, and the Norwegian Sea. This is important when it comes to trade, given their Viking history as a seafaring nation.
Today, Norway is broken up into geographical regions all naturally divided by mountain ranges. The four regions are Ostlandet, Trondelag, Vestlandet, and Nord-Norge. Norway sits on the shifting edge of climates. To the far Northeast, one can be in the tundra of the Arctic Circle, where glaciers still lay till this day, or one can move centrally and be greeted by plateaus and mountains that consume two-thirds of Norways land, and then to the South in the lowlands, where only 3% of Norways total
…show more content…
land can be used for crops. This puts an impact on food sources and explains why for centuries, Norway depended on hunting for food, instead of a plant based diet due to farming not being an option in 97% of its country (Hepso, 6-8). Luckily, today with advanced methods of trade, any and every type of food is available from grocery stores. Norway has many waterways including over 150,000 lakes, abundant rivers, and of course the fjord. Norway most important, and largest river is known as Glama, and helps to drain one-eighth of the excess water in Norway. This river also serves as a source for hydroelectric power and a method to transport timber. Tana, another vital river, runs north bound into the Barents Sea, and stands as the countries most heavily used salmon-fishing river, which is important to their livelihood and trade on a wider scale. All of Norways inhabited coast line is used for industrial fishing as well ("Land and Resources, Rivers and Lakes."). After the ice sheet retreated, its “movement across the land formed islands, lakes, rivers, and mountains” ("Where Is Norway?"). This movement also formed a fjord, “a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by steep cliffs: usually formed by glacial erosion”, across Norway, where seawater spilled into its U-shaped valley where people now view as a tourist spot for kayaking, hiking, and viewing the Northern lights form this popular destination (Nesje). Political System Norway’s political system began as a monarchy in the 9th century, with its first King being Harald Fairhair, otherwise known as Harold I. Harald's father died when he was 10, leaving him Norway to rule over. As previously stated in Brief History, Harald was known for unifying Norway. In 1319, King Haakon V died, leaving his three year old son to assume the throne, however the majority of Norwegians weren't thrilled with the idea of a toddler running their kingdom so his grandson, Magnus, King of Sweden, took control of Norway as well. Magnus then created the Kalmar Union in 1397, which included Denmark in the unification. Regardless of the three countries sharing a, monarch, each was considered a separate country in their own right. This Kalmar Union held strong until 1521 due to Sweden jumping ship, then Norway went on to elect its own King just two years alter. However, Norway and Denmark stayed in union 300 years until Denmark reunited with Sweden. 1905 marks Norway's independence and when the newly formed government gave Price Carls of Denmark ("Royalty in Norway."). Norway is a constitutional monarchy that uses the parliamentary system of representative democracy. Mainland Norway is divided up by nineteen districts, usually managed by governors appointed by the King of Norway, King Harald V (“Political System of Norway”). In 1840 the first rumblings of the Norwegian feminist movement began, when in 1845 the emancipation of women was argued during the “law of vast majority for single women” which would allow women to apply for employment, without the permission of a guardian, and allowed her to be counted as a person under the law.
As in many western countries of this time, women were viewed as property and didn’t even have the right to manage their own finances. In 1910 women were allowed to vote in national elections for the first time, and in 1911, Anna Rogstad the first woman was elected to Norwegian parliament (Novikova).
During World War 1 Norway was a neutral nation despite this Norway was frequently threatened by international espionage. Due to their proximity to non-neutral nations. During this time Norway was leading the world in hydroelectric power, however the post war economic up turn was short lived, due to the global economic crisis.
On the ninth of April 1940, the German army invaded the Norwegian mainland, and in the space of four of fighting, installed their own puppet leaders in Norway. Norway had declared neutrality to avoid a navel conflict with Great Britain which would have been
un-winnable. Norway’s vote not to join the European Union in 1975 and again in 1994, due in part to the differences between the economic infrastructure of many EU nation states, as the Norwegian economy is far more reliant on noways vast natural resources than many post industrial nations. Norway is however a member of many international partnerships in Europe and North America. such as the ECE, UNSECO, WHO, and many others such as nuclear disarmament and scientific organization. Economic System Norway, prior to independence from Denmark had a small agrarian economy often supplying other European nations with lumber and fish from the north sea. (Grytten) The economic conditions created by the great depression, felt across the world in 1929, were especially austere due to the fact that they effected Norway’s trade with Great Britain and Sweden. Before 1980 Norway’s main export were machinery, currently Norway exports petrol products around the world due in part to the industry leading standards of the Norwegian shipping industry. Norway is also the worlds second largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia and Russia. Another great export is fishing. Approximately 31% of Norway’s total exports come from fishing. This is because Norway is the worlds largest producer of Atlantic salmon, and over all Norway is the second largest exporter of seafood of all kinds. The EU is the primary market for Norwegian fish although Russia is an emerging market for Norway’s fisheries being the fourth largest buyer of fish in Europe (“"Norwegian Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector.”) Cultures and Subcultures The language of Norway is Norwegian, and people that are ethnically from Norway are said to be of Nordic decent. Norwegian is a North-Germanic language and has two official standard forms, Nynorsk and Bokmål, as well as two unofficial forms, Høgnorsk and Riksmål. Today, Riksmål, with a few changes, is actually known as Bokmål, or “book language”. This means that Bokmål is the written form of language used in Norway, however it can still be spoken ("Norwegian (Norsk).”). Original Riksmål is still commonly used by the generation over 60 years old, but is considered a conservative form of the language. Nynorsk translates to “new Norwegian” and is the spoken language of this country. Both official languages are taught side by side in Norwegian schools, and is up to the individual which language they would prefer to use, even though each is spelt and pronounced differently, which in turn adds to a lot of confusion in terms of communication in international relations ("Norwegian (Norsk).”). Modern Norway is considered liberal, concerned about human rights. OFF, Oslo Freedom Forum, is a yearly global conference created by the Human Rights Foundation. Initially formed in 2009, OFF started as a place for global leaders to meet in Oslo, Norway in order to open an idea exchange to progress human rights, and stop human injustices. Basically, it serves as a panel for activists to connect with policymakers from around the world. The Oslo Freedom Forum (OFF) is a reflection of Norway’s global consciousness (“Oslo Freedom Forum.”). When examining race, in the Late Paleolithic period, identifiable white people, as we consider them in modern day, first appeared in Southern Russia, Europe, and the Near East. The type of white person that was tall with light eyes and hair is referred to as the Proto Nordic. What is even more interesting is that today we can find and examine todays Nordics who only stray from this prototype by a slight height difference (McCulloch). Partly due from Norway’s political activism, Black Norwegians seem to experience more tolerance. According to the Guardian’s article “What’s it like being black in Norway?” the black Norwegian experience confirmed “openness, tolerance and fairness” regarding their immigration. Black people are re-characterized away from their group term “neger” to the more politically correct “svart” which translates into “with an immigrant background”. Those who are racist, are the minority. In fact, in Oslo, January 2001, the death of black teenager Benjamin Hermansen was described as “Norway’s first racially-motivated muder” by BBC News’ article about “Neo-Nazis held for Oslo ‘racist’ murder”. The death sparked an anti-racist rally and 15,000 people marched through the city, pushing out a racist Boot Boys march meant to commemorate Nazi Rudolf Hess’ death. In short, Norwegian culture is incredibly receptive to racial change, and their more accommodating attitudes towards foreigners reflect their activist outlook. Although, there is a racist Neo-Nazi counterculture, it is met with great resistance from mainstream Norway (“BBC News”). Along with Norway’s sense of social consciousness, they also strive for gender equality. Women began to penetrate the workforce during the 1970’s, ten years after the women’s movement of the 1960’s. Unequal pay was still an issue until a cultural shift on the importance of higher education in the 1980’s, deeming it as a means for equal opportunity and self-actualization. Women are allowed to raise their pre-school aged children from home and are offered a monthly stipend from the government. Parental maternity leaves are available for both genders, and many hyper-masculine environments are integrated such as military, political, and scientific roles traditionally meant for males. Women currently receive equal pay and status, along with the same access to senior positions (“Gender in Norway”). Part of the equal footing allotted to most members of Norwegian society is due to their cultural value of humility. Asked Sandemost, a poet, decided to convey this element of Norway’s essence in Jante Law or Janteloven, published in 1933. Basically, Janteloven is a Scandinavian guideline on how to behave as a member of society: putting the greater cause, society, in front of the individual, therefore being humble of one’s accomplishments. However, it is specifically melted its way into Norwegian culture, causing less judgement and more community efforts (Nikel).
Throughout the 1800s, women across the world began establishing organizations to demand women’s suffrage in their countries. Today, there are still women in countries fighting for their right to vote. Some countries who’ve succeeded in the mid to late 1800s were Sweden and New Zealand. Once they expanded women’s suffrage, many other countries followed. Like Sweden, countries first granted limited suffrage to women and other countries approved to the full national level. Additionally, there were quite a few countries who had taken over a century to give women the right to vote, Qatar being a prime example. Although the fight for women’s suffrage varied in the United States, France, and Cuba in terms of length and process, each effort ultimately
I do not agree with scholars who argue that Dakota women were subordinate to Dakota men. Waterlily is “about a girl who lived a century ago, in a remote camp-circle of the Teton Dakotas [Lakotas].”(Deloria vi). Ella Cara Deloria, author of Waterlily, explains her writing, “it reads convincingly to any who understands Dakota life... and it's purely the woman's point of view, her problems, aspirations, ideals, etc.”. (Deloria vi). In general, when our [westernized] culture hears that women are inferior to men, we think of it as sexist and unfair, not as a culturally acceptable idea. Gender relations in the Dakota tribe were very specific and there were no crossing of the sexes.
In previous times, the equality between men and women were at dramatic differences. It is frequently believed that women’s suffrage was desired and fought for only in England and the United States during the 19th century. Though these movement changes in their reasons and tactics, the battle of female suffrage, along with other women’s rights concerns, cut through many national boundaries. Women’s rights and suffrage had changed drastically from the 1890 till the time of Nixon’s Administration. During these time markers women had been treated poorly, they felt as if they weren’t equal to the other citizens of the world, especially the men. There are countless activities involving women, but the most spoke about topics is, women’s rights, their suffrage, and the roles they played.
“The situation is grave… (and) is created by the German program [of building a battle fleet]… When that program is completed, Germany, a great country close to our shore, will have a fleet of thirty three dreadnaughts”
While the understanding of women’s right to vote was still new to the prairies in Canada, the movement for women’s right to vote was not a new for other parts of the world. In the United Kingdom, 1832, the first petition of women's suffrage was presented to Parliament, while in Alberta it was not until 1914. Evidently, because European immigrants had already had similar campaigns for the prior knowledge and findings of women’s right to vote, they had more experience and knowledge within the specific topic. The immigrants who had similar ongoing events in their homeland brought their skills and debating facts of rights for women into Canada, making Canada a continuation of their campaign. Regarding this, in United Kingdom in 1907, the Women's Freedom League was formed after a break from the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) which had caused many young teens and women to be affected by this. Additionally, Icelandic women, who also had the vote in their home country, campaigned for the vote since their arrival in Manitoba in the 1870s, yet it was not seen as a highly attentioned campaigned at that time due to the lack of
As the beginning of the 1900s drew near there was a change in the rights of women. As more women were working and getting higher education there was a huge movement. Dresses got more practical as the hoop skirt was replaced with a narrower dress. Organizations of women worked very hard and finally in 1917 they finally got the right to vote.
“Boys will be boys, and girls will be girls”: few of our cultural mythologies seem as natural as this one. But in this exploration of the gender signals that traditionally tell what a “boy” or “girl” is supposed to look and act like, Aaron Devor shows how these signals are not “natural” at all but instead are cultural constructs. While the classic cues of masculinity—aggressive posture, self-confidence, a tough appearance—and the traditional signs of femininity—gentleness, passivity, strong nurturing instincts—are often considered “normal,” Devor explains that they are by no means biological or psychological necessities. Indeed, he suggests, they can be richly mixed and varied, or to paraphrase the old Kinks song “Lola,” “Boys can be girls and girls can be boys.” Devor is dean of social sciences at the University of Victoria and author of Gender Blending: Confronting the Limits of Duality (1989), from which this selection is excerpted, and FTM: Female-to-Male Transsexuals in Society (1997).
Suggested roles of all types set the stage for how human beings perceive their life should be. Gender roles are one of the most dangerous roles that society faces today. With all of the controversy applied to male vs. female dominance in households, and in the workplace, there seems to be an argument either way. In the essay, “Men as Success Objects”, the author Warren Farrell explains this threat of society as a whole. Farrell explains the difference of men and women growing up and how they believe their role in society to be. He justifies that it doesn’t just appear in marriage, but in the earliest stages of life. Similarly, in the essay “Roles of Sexes”, real life applications are explored in two different novels. The synthesis between these two essays proves how prevalent roles are in even the smallest part of a concept and how it is relatively an inevitable subject.
Iceland is a independent Nordic island-country located in the Arctic sea near the much larger country of Greenland. It is located at 65.0000° N, 18.0000° W lying far north of the equator the location of Iceland makes it susceptible to harsh winters and often cold temperatures. The history of Iceland is quite diverse and interesting compared to many other countries. There are many small lakes in Iceland and some of them are what they call iceberg lagoons.
After his victory over Poland, Hitler now had his sights on a quick offensive in the west. Speaking to his Generals in October 1939, Hitler said, ‘If it becomes clear that Britain and under its leadership France also, are not prepared to end the war I am determined to go on the offensive without delay.’ In April 1940 Germany launched its attack in the west with a surprise invasion of Norway and Denmark, which were neutral states. Hitler took Norway because that guaranteed that vital iron ore supplies from Sweden could be shipped to Germany through the ice-free Norwegian ports. Hitler also occupied Denmark, because it was in the way of the German attack.
The Greenland ice sheet is the second largest ice mass on Earth and is about one-tenth the volume of the Antarctic ice sheet. It is the only significant ice mass in the Arctic today. [ See Antarctica and Climate Change ; and Ice Sheets .] It is an ice-age relict that overlies a bowl-shaped continent almost completely fringed by coastal mountains.
Society places ideas concerning proper behaviors regarding gender roles. Over the years, I noticed that society's rules and expectations for men and women are very different. Men have standards and specific career goals that we must live up to according to how others judge.
For starters Norway and El Salvador are two totally different countries when it comes to a geographical perspective with Noway being located in Northern Europe bordering the North Sea and El Salvador located in Central America bordering the Pacific Ocean. To get a better idea of the two countries in size Norway is slightly larger than New Mexico and El Salvador is slightly smaller than Massachusetts. Also not to mention that El Salvador is the smallest Central America country that doesn't border the Caribbean Sea unlike all the other countries in Central America.
Norway is one of the “three fingers” of Scandinavia, and is just larger than New Mexico. It covers 125,181 square miles. It is located in Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. The coastline stretches 21,925 km. The population of Norway is 4.3 million and growing. The population is predominantly or Nordic (Scandinavian) decent. There is also a small minority (20,000) of native Sámis (Laplanders), who live mostly in the North. Many aspects of business and management in Norway are very similar to those of America including language and communication, power structures/politics, work ethics, food and eating habits, dress, and religious beliefs.
Technically being part of the continental US, this state is the only non-contiguous US state in the continental North America. The state has a total area of 665,384.04 square miles, 570,640.95 square miles being land area and 94,743.10 square miles covered in water. There are six regions in Alaska namely, Southcentral, Southeast, Interior, Southwest, North Slope, and the Aleutian Islands all hosting the 3 million Alaskan lakes and 100,000 glaciers (half of the world’s total glaciers) covering 16,000 square miles of land and 1,200 square miles of tidal zone. Alaska’s tidal shoreline is roughly 34,000