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Nicaraguan geography history
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Prior to the Spanish colonization, Nicaragua was under the control of Indians tribes such as Nicarao, Misquito,Gotegas, and several others. Despite Nicaragua being the largest country in Central America, it is sparsely populated within its three natural regions: The Pacific Lowlands, Central Highlands, and the Caribbean Lowlands. The area was discovered by Europeans in 1502 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus, who set out on his fourth voyage to explore the eastern coast. However, it wasn’t until two decades later that Nicaragua was established as a Spanish colony. The first expedition was led by Gil Gonzalez de Avila in 1520, who sparked the interest in the Spanish conquest of Nicaraguan territory. His primary mission was to obtain …show more content…
Swelled with success and assertiveness, Gonzalez and his troop moved into the region’s interior, but encountered resistance from an army of Niquiranos. Outnumbered, Gonzalez and his troops decided to retreat. They returned to Panama with large quantities of gold and pearls, thus reporting their find and eventually naming the region Nicaragua. Consequently, this of course created gold fever among many Spanish conquistadors. Within a few months, several Spanish forces invaded Nicaragua and each was led by a conquistador. Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, sent by the governor of Panama, Pedrarias, approached from Costa Rica. Pedro de Alvarado and Cristóbal de Olid- came from Guatemala through San Salvador and Honduras. However, Córdoba, eventually completed the Nicaraguan conquest effort. Whereas most invaders were interested only in gold, Cordoba came in with more permanent goals: He wanted to colonize Nicaragua. In order to do this, he needed to establish permanent settlements, thus leading to the founding of Granada and Leon in …show more content…
The plains around the new site allowed it to become the center of ranching. Essentially, Nicaragua, being one of the poorer colonial possessions, it was low on the list of Spanish priorities and little serious effort was made to hang on to it. However, throughout the 1600s, that didn’t stop England, France, and the Dutch from competing with Spain for control over its colonies. In European countries created buccaneers and attacked each other’s settlements. In 1633, a dutch privateer, Abraham Blaauvelt, built one alongside the Mosquito Coast and allied with a local indegenous group who detested the Spanish, otherwise knwon as the Miskito Indians. Eventually, the British was thriving in trade off of the Coast to the point where it generated conflict between the British and the Spanish. Ongoing control over the Moskito Coast went on until the 19th century. In 1664, English buccaneers, followed by French buccaneers attacked Granada. Recognizing the loss in potential revenues, the buccaneer era was brought an end to, however that didn’t mean that there wouldn’t be competition over its economic
Slide 2 transition into slide 3- Once Cortes and his small army defeated Montezuma’s powerful Mexican Aztec warriors, which outnumbered the Spaniards 10-1. The riches in form of Gold started to flood into Spain.
In 1514 de Soto sailed with the new governor of modern day Panama. Six years later he was a captain who because of his part in military action against the Indians of Panama had earned the right to own Indian Sl...
Once named the friendliest city in the world, Puerto Vallarta in my eyes continues to carry that reputation. The people who live there are what make this place so special; it is my most desired place to travel to. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico sits along the coast of Banderas Bay in the Pacific Ocean. Along with having exotic scenery, they are known for having an exceptional variety of food. With the dark frigid winter creeping up on us, my head wanders to memories of missed friends and 90 degree temperatures.
Somoza’s National Guardsmans fled to Honduras including Comandante Bravo who was assassinated by the Sandinistas . Due to Bravo’s assassination other ex-Guardsman sought assistance from other countries such as United States, Honduras, and Argentine . The three countries divided task among them which was known as la tripartita: General Alvarez of Honduras allowed bases to be constructed near Nicaraguan border, Argentina would train Contra in Guerilla tactics, and the United States would provide funding for training and equipment . The Contras had little chance to defeat the Sandinista army, so General Alvarez of Honduras planned to provoke the Sandinistas to attack Honduras, which if Sandinistas invaded Honduras it would give the United States an excuse to send troops into Nicaragua . The United States never agreed to send troops to attack the Sandinistas, and other officers of Honduras feared the United States would abandon the Contra movement as it had done in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba . Argentina’s main reason for joining the la tripartita was to ingratiate themselves with United States as a new world power, yet when Argentina invaded South Atlantic islands United States did not proved assistance nor did they stay neutral leading to the collapse of the la tripartite . While the la tripartite plan did not work out as originally planned it allowed the Contra to grow to a strong military force to oppose the
The world in the 1940’s was not the ideal place for anyone to be living. Hitler’s Nazi movements being one of the catalysts for World War II, the citizens of the world were flung into an era of disarray and discontentment in the early 40’s. After Japan’s surprise attack on the U.S., forcing the Americans into war, it soon became a whole differnet ball game. In 1941, the United Nations was formed comprised of the inter-allies and its goal to "work together, with other free peoples, both in war and in peace". Now, all corners of the world were being affected. The history of Central American countries particularly, Nicaragua will be examined in this reading. This reading will focus specifically on the history of Nicaragua from 1945 to the early 2000’s. A critical analysis of how Nicaragua and its leaders handled certain situations and whether or not the situations were handled well. In addition, only Nicaragua’s more significant events will be regarded and analyzed chronologically and collectively, while trying to avoid going in depth as to why certain events occurred as that is for another time. This paper will represent the stance that Nicaragua’s leaders handled certain situations in a manner that was not very beneficial to Nicaragua and its citizens but beneficial to those in power up until the Sandistina government took over and began to make decisions beneficial to Nicaraguans however, hindered by opposing powers.
Did you know that Peru is one of the top ten countries to visit in the world? (UNWTO) Peru has unique music and energetic dances that are fun to see. The people are friendly and charming; they would be happy to help one find their way if they need help. But, the main reason Peru appears on the top ten list is because of its unique geographical features. Some examples are the Andes Mountains, Machu Picchu and Cusco. The art and culture of the Peruvians, as well as the people themselves,and the popular places to go, are what tourists like to see in Peru.
In 1504 Cortes sailed to Hispaniola which is now the Dominican Republic and Haiti, in the West Indies. Here he fought battles with Indians and also mixed some business in there. Velazquez, who Cortes sailed with in 1511, became the governor of Cuba. Soon after Velazquez then learned of a rich Indian empire in Mexico and he chose Cortes to lead his fleet. They were there to get gold and land. Velazquez soon became suspicious of Cortes and tried to remove him as the leader but Cortes got mad and sailed off anyway. He took all 11ships, 600 men and 20 horses with him. Along the way many Indians joined him in his journey because they did not like the Aztecs. Cortes reached Tenochtitlan in November, 1519. The Aztec leader was Montezuma and he greeted them ...
Beginning in the early 16th century, we begin to see the arrival of a substantial number of Spaniards throughout several portions of New Granada (Nueva Granada in Spanish). One must also take into account that Colombia was not the only country in New Granada:
Hernan Cortes conquered all of the Aztecs and created a great new city that is present day Mexico City. Cortes sailed to Cuba from Spain and then from Cuba to Mexico where he found the Aztecs. He was going Mexico to find riches, land, and power for Spain. He accomplished all three of those things. He created one of the first civilization in the New World, which in the future would become a great and grand city. Hernan Cortes was the most successful explorer because he conquered the entire Aztec population, created one of the first and most powerful civilizations in the new world, and started to blend cultures together.
Ever since he was little, Pizarro overheard the stories about voyages to the New World, and always wanted to have the same opportunity for himself. When he was about thirty-four, Pizarro set out with Alonzo de Ojeda on a trip to Columbia, and proved to be a very productive leader. Three years later Pizarro accompanied Vasco Núñez de Balboa to the “South Sea,” where they found what is today known as the Pacific Ocean. In 1524 Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, and Fernando de Luque joined forces to set off to the San Juan River and beyond, which allowed the chance to explore the southern coast. Four years later, Pizarro ventured back to Spain and was granted a sum of money for a trip to the south where he was supposed to create a colony. In 1530, Pizarro set sail with his brothers to go to Panama, and then in 1531 it was time to travel to Peru. He left with one ship, a crew of 180 men, and 37 horses. Three months into the voyage, Pizarro communicated with Atahuallpa who was the Incan emperor. The Incas had an military consisting of 30,000 men, which was around 166 times larger than Pizarro’s. Atahuallpa agreed to meet Pizarro is his city, Cajamarca. Then in Novemeber, Pizarro assembled his army, and his brother and another explorer went for a consultation with them. A day later, Atahuallpa arrived in the town center with around 4,000 men who held clubs and slings. Vicente de Valverde was sent
A second conquistador, Francisco Fernández de Córdoba, founded Granada in 1523 and León in 1524. Nicaragua was governed by Pedrarias Dávila from 1526 to 1531, but later in the century, following a period of intense rivalry and civil war among the Spanish conquerors, it was incorporated into the captaincy-general of Guatemala. Colonial Nicaragua enjoyed comparative peace and prosperity, although freebooters, notably English navigators such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Richard Hawkins, continually raided and plundered the coastal settlements. In the 18th century the British informally allied themselves with the Miskito—a Native American people intermarried with blacks—severely challenging Spanish hegemony. For a period during and after the middle of the century, the Mosquito Coast was considered a British dependency.
The native populations of Panama include the Chibchan, Chocoan, and Cueva communities, and like the fates of many indigenous populations in a period of European colonization, they were dealt a poor hand. In the early 1500s, Rodrigo de Bastidas from Spain became the first European to officially explore the Isthmus. Alonso de Ojeda and Diego de Nicuesa were granted permission to begin colonization shortly after, in 1509. Thus the first European colonies in Panama emerged, and the Spanish-influenced culture of Panama began to unfold. Many of the native populations chose to relocate to the surrounding islands, away from Spanish influence. Panama remained under Spanish control until the 1800s.
In the year of 1492, the Queen and King of Spain developed thoughts of strengthening their power and seeking new sources of wealth. This being stated the Queen and King had agreed on financing Christopher Columbus’s expedition, hoping it would bring the kingdom wealth (Ellis 2004). On October 12 Columbus had discovered a new location, due to this discovery; Latin America had been colonized by the Spanish conquistadors sent by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Overall, Latin America had been colonized for the sake of seeking wealth (Ellis 2004). Obtaining gold was the simple way of gaining wealth. Gold was the resource that attracted Spaniards to the Island of Hispaniola, because it was also King Ferdinand's interest (De la Riva 2003 ). Thus it ended up becoming the ultimate goal of the Christian Spaniards sent to Hispaniola to acquire gold and swell themselves in riches. (Las Casas 1552).Trading was also the key to getting wealthy; the more resources available for trade the more wealth will be gained. Resources in the New World attracted the Spanish conquistadors to Latin America; it was also what he...
Cortes was followed by Francisco Pizarro who reached Peru in 1526. Both explorers found great wealth for Spain, with Cortes conquering the Aztecs and their city of Tenochtitlan and Pizarro plundering the wealthy Incas. However, the expeditions wreaked havoc for the native people of the lands that were explored. In 1598, Spanish settlers arrived in the America and settled in the territory they named New Mexico. Goods, ideas, and disease are exchanged between the Spanish and the Native Americans, allowing the new settlers to thrive but causing the Native Americans to suffer due to disease. These thriving settlements allowed Spain to gain wealth and become the most powerful nation in Europe during this time
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo had an important status in the Americas. That gave the Spanish a good reputation and allowed them to gain territories a lot quicker and easier. Cabrillo was a leading official in Guatemala’s large town of Santiago, according to the National Park Services article about him. He lived there with his wife, Beatriz Sanchez de Ortega...