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How the media is able to shape public opinion
Media influence on the public
Media influence on the public
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The effects of concentrated ownership in the Canadian newspaper industry
Newspapers are rooted together with the public sphere, globalization, and mass media. The newspaper and the public sphere give citizens an opportunity to examine matters of public concern and global matters. Does this mean that those involved with the Canadian newspaper industry and ownership ultimately wield the power in Canadian society by exercising this influence to mold the Canadian opinion of readers (Wagenberg & Soderlund, 1975)? Historically, multiple independent newspapers existed, but this had significantly lessened over time with the rise of concentrated ownership in the newspaper industry. Canada has the most concentrated ownership of any country in the free
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. A study of Minnesota newspapers found that group newspapers with headquarters outside of the state carried significantly less conflict reporting about local government than did independent papers or group newspapers. This is important to note because critics have said that group ownership will lead to a reduction in the diversity of ideas and the use of economic strength to force out competition. In terms of quality, If different newspaper ownership types – independently owned newspapers, privately held group newspapers, publicly held group newspapers – pursue different goals, which are reflected ultimately in the newspapers content. It was found that coverage of local and nonlocal business news were more favorable, and that group editors were more likely to emphasize profit as a top corporate goal than were indepent editors. The only statistically significant difference was that private groups had slightly more space devoted to editorials about the country in which the paper was located. With this study we have to ask ourselves if newspapers and independently owned newspapers differ in news quality, and if the same goes for private and publicly owned newspapers. Lacy and Fico’s study assesses the quality through eight ways which measures newspaper quality: Comitment to locally produced copy, amount of non advertising copy, ratio of non advertising to adverting space, number of interpretive and in depth stores, amounts of graphics, number of wire services, story length having more depth, and finally reporter workload. The conclusion of this study saw that there was no significant difference was found in news quality between independent and
398).It is also stated that news divisions reduced their costs, and raised the entertainment factor of the broadcasts put on air. (p. 400). Secondly, the media determines its sources for stories by putting the best journalists on the case and assign them to areas where news worthy stories just emanates. (p.400). Third, the media decides how to present the news by taking the most controversial or relevant events and compressing them into 30 second sound-bites. (p.402). finally, the authors also explain how the media affects the general public. The authors’ state “The effect of one news story on public opinion may be trivial but the cumulative effect of dozens of news stories may be important. This shows a direct correlation between public opinions and what the media may find “relevant”. (Edwards, Wattenberg, Lineberry, 2015, p.
The government of Canada is aware and concerned of the power of print media, such as magazine and how it is influencing Canadian to drift away from their culture and over taken by foreign culture.
Vipond, M. (2000). The Mass Media in Canada. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company Ltd., Publishers.
Michael Parenti (2002) declares media in the United States is no longer “free, independent, neutral and objective.” (p. 60). Throughout his statement, Parenti expresses that media is controlled by large corporations, leaving smaller conglomerates unable to compete. The Telecommunications Act, passed in 1996, restricted “a single company to own television stations serving more than one-third of the U.S. public,” but is now overruled by greater corporations. (p. 61). In his opinion, Parenti reveals that media owners do not allow the publishing of stories that are not beneficial and advantageous. Parenti supports his argument very thoroughly by stating how the plutocracy takes control over media in multiple ways: television, magazines, news/radio broadcasting, and other sources.
The Prime Minister of Spain once told an American, “The newspapers in your country seem to be more powerful than the government.” This statement was never more true than in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. The rulers of the New York newspaper empire, Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst, battled against one another in the ultimate test of journalism. With a real war on the horizon, these men fought to produce the most sensational stories Americans had ever read; and, as a result, they brought forth a new age in the American newspaper business, an age of fighting for the little guy, and beating back tyranny one paper at a time.
Taras, D. (2001). Power and betrayal in the Canadian media (2nd ed.) Peterborough, ON:Broadview Press.
“Constructing Canada: Do we need a public broadcaster to enhance democracy?” written by David Taras, a professor at the University of Calgary and director of Alberta Global Forum. Taras reinstates the turning point of Canada Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and their relationship with the Canadian parliament. He addressed on the developments and struggles Public Service Broadcasters (PSB), specifically CBC, encounter in order to continue to telecast. Lastly, he explains that PSB has a major role in maintaining the balance of power between the government and the mass media. PSB were created by the public for the public because a democracy can only happen if everyone cooperates.
Self-censorship is perhaps what is most ominous in these cases, journalists and editors do not keep track of notes that could affect business interests, the newspaper owners or their relative...
With an understanding of the theoretical links between economic structures, relations of production, and political systems that protect economic structures in society this case study examines media as a contributor to democracy in Australia as well as a business with economic objectives. This section will provide a short explanation of Fairfax media history and position in 2012 prior to explaining Gina Rinehart’s role in the company. The print sector in Australia has historically exhibited relatively high levels of concentration, dominated by News Corp Australia, Fairfax and APN. The Australian print news media have experienced a long-term trend of a decrease in titles and owners. According to Geoffrey Craig, ‘in 1923 there were as many as
Conflict theory claims that advertising does not sufficiently address issues of inequality in society. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013, p.462) There are five major media outlets that form a monopoly of the media industry in Canada: CTVglobalmedia Inc. owned by Bell Canada, Rogers Communications Inc. Controlled by the Rogers family, Shaw Communications controlled by the Shaw family, CBC/Radio Canada, and Quebecor Inc. Controlled by the Péladeau family. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013, p.462-463) CBC/Radio Canada is the only publicly owned media company in Canada, whereas, approximately 90% of the media in Canada is privately owned. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013, p.464) This allows for 90% of advertising content to be chosen by wealthy corporations. In an American study, 93% of newspaper editors admitted to advertisers attempting to influence news stories and 37% admitted that advertisers have influenced their stories. (Brime, Roberts, Lie, Rytina 2013,
One of the fundamental roles of the media in a liberal democracy is to critically scrutinise governmental affairs: that is to act as a watchdog of government to ensure that the government can be held accountable by the public. However, the systematic deregulation of media systems worldwide is diminishing the ability of citizens to meaningfully participate in policymaking process governing the media (McChesney, 2003, p. 126). The relaxation of ownership rules and control, has resulted in a move away from diversity of production to a situation where media ownership is becoming increasing concentrated by just a few predominantly western global conglomerates (M...
One way in which government achieves this objective, is by its ability to misuse the media’s ability to set the agenda. Contrary to popular belief, media is in fact an enormous hegemony. In fact, separate independent news organizations do not exist. Rather than creating an independent structured agenda of their own, generally lesser smaller news organizations adapt to a prepared agenda, previously constructed by a higher medium. Based upon this information alone, it is quite apparent that media functions in adherence to the characteristics of a hierarchy.
Print media is on the decline, this can be seen in the U.S.newspaper industry as it is facing “its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression” (Kirchhoff). A few huge newspaper chains declared their bankruptcy, while many others have shut down (Kirchhoff). This has lead to many reporters and editors to be out of the job, lesser pay and even becoming web-only publications (Kirchhoff).
In a study conducted by State of the Media, it claims that one of the main problems in the newspaper industry is the rapidly declining advertising revenues. As seen in the below dataset, as print advertising revenues have fallen by 58%, online revenues have grown by 117% in the past decade. It can also been seen that when the world faced a global recession in 2009, the revenue from ads plunged dramatically and in turn has only accelerated print journalism’s woes.
However, Nieman Journalism Lab proves that 96% of newsreading is done in print editions (Journalism.about.com, 2014). According to The Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) which was released in 2014, newspaper circulation has increas...