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Women during the 20th century
Womens role in the past centuries
Women during the 20th century
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Nettie Stevens was an American women who was born in Vermont on July 7th, 1861. Her mother died when she was only two years old. Her father remarried and the family moved to Westford, Massachusetts. Growing up as a women during this time it was hard to get education. Nettie’s father was a carpenter and was able to afford giving his children the opportunity to go to school. Stevens was a very bright student. She attended a Westford Academy where she graduated 2 years before her graduating classmates. She became a teacher and supervisor but wanted to further her education. Nettie knew she had a love for science. It took her longer than many to go back to school but she did go back in her thirties. At age 35, she went to California to attend Leland Stanford University for her bachelor’s degree where she majored in physiology. During the summer she spend a lot of time working at Stanford’s Hopkins Seaside Laboratory. Here she studies cells and microscopic anatomy of organisms. She stayed at Stanford, wrote a thesis called Studies on Ciliate Infusoria, and got her master’s degree in biology. While going for her master’s degree, Stevens discovered Licnophora macfarlandi and Boveria subcylindrcia. These are species of single celled organisms. This discovery allowed Stevens to expand her master’s degree. She added …show more content…
She went here to get her doctorate in cytology. Cytology is the study of cells. Stevens did such a wonderful job that she was awarded a Presidents European Fellowship. It was an offer to study abroad at the Naples Zoological Station in Italy and at the University of Wurzburg in Germany. She studied and spent time in Theodor Boveri’s lab. Theodore Boveri was working on chromosomes in heredity at the time. Here she discovered an interest in heredity, most specifically chromosomes. She achieved her goal and got her PH.D at the Bryn Mawr University. She received many scholarships and research career
Natalie Wood, who born in San Francisco, was an American film and television actress. Wood is married from Robert Wagner, and they have three children. Natalie Wood died on November 29, 1981, and no one knows how exactly she died. In addition, Wood was with her husband and their friend in the boat, and she argued with Wagner before living the boat. Also, Wood afraid of water her whole life, and she died by drowning on a weekend trip.
Grace Abbott was born November 17, 1878 in Grand Island, Nebraska. Grace was one of four children of Othman A. and Elizabeth Abbott. There’s was a home environment that stressed religious independence, education, and general equality. Grace grew up observing her father, a Civil War veteran in court arguing as a lawyer. Her father would later become the first Lt. Governor of Nebraska. Elizabeth, her mother, taught her of the social injustices brought on the Native Americans of the Great Plains. In addition, Grace was taught about the women’s suffrage movement, which her mother was an early leader of in Nebraska. During Grace’s childhood she was exposed to the likes of Pulitzer Prize author Willa Cather who lived down the street from the Abbott’s, and Susan B. Anthony the prominent civil rights leader whom introduced wom...
An influential American printmaker and painter as she was known for impressionist style in the 1880s, which reflected her ideas of the modern women and created artwork that displayed the maternal embrace between women and children; Mary Cassatt was truly the renowned artist in the 19th century. Cassatt exhibited her work regularly in Pennsylvania where she was born and raised in 1844. However, she spent most of her life in France where she was discovered by her mentor Edgar Degas who was the very person that gave her the opportunity that soon made one of the only American female Impressionist in Paris. An exhibition of Japanese woodblock Cassatt attends in Paris inspired her as she took upon creating a piece called, “Maternal Caress” (1890-91), a print of mother captured in a tender moment where she caress her child in an experimental dry-point etching by the same artist who never bared a child her entire life. Cassatt began to specialize in the portrayal of children with mother and was considered to be one of the greatest interpreters in the late 1800s.
“I think, with never-ending gratitude, that the young women of today do not and can never know at what price their right to free speech and to speak at all in public has been earned.” (www.doonething.org). Lucy Stone was born in West Brookfield, Massachusetts on August 13, 1818. Her parents, Francis Stone and Hannah Matthews, were abolitionists and Congregationalists. Stone retained their anti-slavery opinions but rejected the Congregationalist Church after it criticized abolitionists. Along with her anti-slavery attitude, Lucy Stone also pursued a higher education. She completed local schools at the age of sixteen and saved money until she could attend a term at Mount Holyoke Seminary five years later. In 1843, Stone enrolled at the Oberlin Collegiate Institute (later Oberlin College). With her graduation in 1847, she became the first Massachusetts woman to earn a bachelor’s degree. However, Lucy Stone was not done expressing her abolitionist and feminist beliefs to the public (anb.org).
The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher by Lewis Thomas consists of short, insightful essays that offer the reader a different perspective on the world and on ourselves.
Sarah Breedlove “Madam C.J Walker” was born in Louisiana to former slaves on December 23, 1867. She was the first member of her family to be born “free,” and used this opportunity to have a better life. She married Moses McWilliams and gave birth to her first daughter, Lelia, on June 6, 1885. Unfortunately, soon after her daughter’s second birthday her husband was killed in an accident. She found a job as a laundress in St. Louis, Missouri and thus provided her daughter with an education that she never had the chance to get.
At the age of eighteen, Azina Parsons Stevens left Maine and moved to Toledo, Ohio. There, motivated by her newly divorced status and the need to support herself, Stevens began to learn the printing trade. She soon became a proofreader and typesetter and ultimately an editor, making the newspaper business her life's work. After five years in Toledo, Stevens took her trade to Chicago, where she became one of the first women to join the Typographical Union No.16. She soon became active in the Chicago labor movement and in 1877 organized active in the Women's Union No.1. About 1882 she moved back to Toledo, Ohio, where she worked fo...
Born on November 11, 1744, Abigail Smith entered the world in the Massachusetts colony during troublesome time of England rule that was destined to end one day.1 Her family was well respected in the town of Weymouth, where she was born. Her father, William Smith, was a Congregational minister and her mother, Elizabeth Quincy, hailed from a prominent family in the colony.2 Abigail spent her time at her grandmother’s house where she was schooled in English, French, and history, meanwhile, gaining a well-rounded education from the many hours she spent in her father’s library. Her mother’s father, John Quincy, was a member of the colonial Governor’s council and colonel of the militia. He was also the Speaker of the Massachusetts Assembly, a post he held for 40 years until her death at age 77.3 His interest in government and his career in public service influenced her greatly, her grandfather died three years into her marriage to John Adams.
Born into a fiercely political family, Florence’s life was influenced by her near-constant coquetry with abolition and other various civil rights efforts. Her father, William “Pig Iron” Kelley, was an ardent proponent of women’s rights, and was also known as the protector of Pennsylvania’s iron and steel industries, earning him his moniker. Kelley was educated at home for much of her childhood, as she was often ill, and her family’s home was rather isolated from nearby Philadelphia (Bienen, 1-“William”). Nonetheless, her education was satisfactory, and primarily influenced by her father. Through her atypical form of education, Kelley was allowed to develop an opinion on diverse topics that most children her age were oblivious to. Kelley traveled across the country with her father, exploring steel and iron manufacturing sites, prefacing her future career path. In addition to vocational learning, Florence Kelley absorbed knowledge through the massive library at h...
Mary Wollstonecraft lived with a violet and abusive father which led her to taking care of her mom and sister at an early age. Fanny Blood played an important role in her life to opening her to new ideas of how she actually sees things. Mary opened a school with her sister Eliza and their friend Fanny Blood. Back then for them being a teacher made them earn a living during that time, this made her determined to not rely on men again. Mary felt as if having a job where she gets paid for doing something that back then was considered respected than she wouldn’t need a man to be giving her money. She wasn’t only a women’s right activist but she was a scholar, educator and journalist which led her to writing books about women’s rights.
Born and raised on a farm in New York, Mary Walker, despite many’s disapproval, studied vigorously to become a doctor to assist the wounded any way she could, earning several people’s admiration along the way. Mary fought for what she believed in, such as the dress reform movement, and the right to work as a surgeon in the army for the good of others.
Known for her documentary style of photography, Dorothea Nutzhorn was born May 26, 1895 in Hoboken, New Jersey. Nutzhorn grew up in a household that strongly supported her furthering her education and advocated for exposure to creative works. Her mother, Johanna, stayed at home to raise her and her brother, Martin, while her father, Heinrich, worked as a lawyer. At age seven, she fell sick with polio, which hampered the movement of her right leg and foot. A few short years later, her parents divorced. Blaming her father for the marriage falling apart, Nutzhorn dropped her father’s surname and switched to mother’s maiden name, Lange. Growing up academics were never her strong suit, and following high school decided to pursue photography at Colombia
Alice Malsenior Walker: An Annotated Bibliography, 1968-1986. Eds. Louis H. Pratt and Donnell D. Pratt. Connecticut: Meckler Corporation, 1988.
Sadava, David E., et al. Life the Science of Biology. 8th ed. USA: The Courier Companies Inc, 2008
Doris May Tayler was born in Kermanshah, Persia (present-Day Iran), on October 22, 1919. Her Father participated in World War I where he sustained some injuries where he would then meet Doris’s Mother, Emily. Before Doris was born, her family decided to moved in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). In 1949 she decided to move to England to begin her writing career. In 1950, Doris published her first novel, The Grass is singing, but it wasn’t until 1962 her novel The Golden Notebook turned her into a feminist role model.