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Interpersonal relationships and culture
Stereotypes and indigenous people
Stereotypes and indigenous people
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Negative stereotypes about Aboriginal people may influence the attitudes and relationships of nonindigenous workers towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients and co-workers.
There can be various cultural misunderstandings when it comes to verbal and nonverbal communication such as language barriers/differences and nonverbal communication including body language, which can lead to significant barriers for many Indigenous peoples in their interactions with health, welfare, community services and within their workplace.
Different cultures have their own values which may differ from each other that workers need to be aware of in order to better understand and facilitate the needs of others. For example in Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander culture the older a person is the higher they are with in their community, assumed to have more knowledge and wisdom bringing respect and admiration. They are the decision makers and hold valuable roles within their community. However in western culture, it is apparent that with age comes physical and mental deterioration and reduced capacity to function as a community leader. Much of Indigenous Australians teaching and learning occurs through story and art; they also have a different concept of time and family to non-Indigenous Australians. These factors need to be taken into account in order to accommodate people’s abilities.
...fficient training for health workers, communication barriers, a general mistrust in the health care system and culture shock has contributed to issues in delivering services to many Indigenous communities. The reason to why these issues have emerged is a result of two main factors, the lack of health services that are needed to address the issue and the silence of Indigenous communities which leads to misunderstanding between the government and Indigenous communities. Indigenous Australian’s experience this major disadvantage and neglect in the Australian society due to the poor healthcare system and policies that haven’t had a positive effect on the issue. For the issue of Indigenous health to be resolved, the Government and social policies need to address and meet the need of Indigenous people to overcome the poor health conditions that these communities suffer.
These stereotypes include; drunk, violent, lazy, petrol sniffer, live in the outback, un-educated, criminals and have to fit the image of dark skin with wide noses (Korff, 2014). Indigenous youth are confronted with these during their school life. They will be called names and bullied because people believe these stereotypes, assuming they apply to all Indigenous people. Tammy Williams, from Black Chicks Talking is an example of the bulling Indigenous teenagers face during school. At school one year, a group of teenagers from the school wrote nigger above her school photo in the year book. This was just part of the bullying she received during her school life for being Aboriginal. Tammy is not a stereotypical Aboriginal. She has travelled to America, has won multiple awards and is now a lawyer. Botj, from Yolngu Boy, is a stereotypical Aboriginal. He is a petrol sniffer, smoker and criminal and he is lazy. However, there is a story behind why Botj is like this. Botj is a troubled teenager who drinks and smokes as his father is an alcoholic. He had a troubled family life and this contributes to the actions he takes. The media is largely to blame for the negative stereotypes of Aboriginal People. The media reports negative stereotypes of the Aboriginal community, drinking problems and violent behaviours, which intern makes the white Australian community believe the negative stereotypes that have been
Perpetuation of Native American Stereotypes in Children's Literature Caution should be used when selecting books including Native Americans, due to the lasting images that books and pictures provide to children. This paper will examine the portrayal of Native Americans in children's literature. I will discuss specific stereotypes that are present and should be avoided, as well as positive examples. I will also highlight evaluative criteria that will be useful in selecting appropriate materials for children and provide examples of good and bad books. Children will read many books as they grow up.
Nonverbal behavior is channeled by norms and most of us abide by them without being aware of them. Physical appearance, gesture and body movement, face and eye behavior, vocal behavior, personal space, touch, scent/smell, and time are all forms of nonverbal communication behavior. Norms differ amongst various cultures, ethnic, and geographic groups. There are endless ways and forms to violate nonverbal norms, and by doing so can lead to a barrier in communication, which are problematic to distinguish.
Native Americans have been living on American soil for quite a while now. They were here before the European colonists. They have been here and still continue to be present in the United States. However, the way the media represents Native Americans disallows the truth about Native Americans to be told. Only misinterpretations of Native Americans seem to prosper in the media. It appears the caricature of Native Americans remains the same as first seen from the first settler’s eyes: savage-like people. Their culture and identity has become marginalized by popular culture. This is most evident in mainstream media. There exists a dearth of Native American presence in the mainstream media. There is a lack of Native American characters in different media mediums. When they are represented, they are misrepresented. They are easily one of the most underrepresented cultures and people in American media. Native Americans shouldn’t be confined to a stereotype, should have a greater presence in the media, and shouldn’t be misrepresented when they are presented.
The representation of First Nations people in popular culture is both relevant and done without consultation. Movies, television shows, advertisements, music, and children’s books all seem to portray the negative stereotype that was introduced with historical literature. According to Shaughnessy, “society was forced to generate extreme racism in order to suppress the large Indian population,” and consequently, these formed perceptions are what carry on through to today. Racist depictions are both subliminal and blatant in their representations in popular culture and society is shown this at an early age. Disney films such as Pocahontas and Peter Pan introduce concepts of sexual objectification and stereotyping First Nations peoples to a young
Cunningham, J. & Paradies, Y.C. 2013, 'Patterns and correlates of self-reported racial discrimination among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, 2008-09: analysis of national survey data', International Journal for Equity in Health, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 47-61.
... a socially defined group are treated differently, especially unfairly, because of their membership of the group (Kreiger, 1999). There are many facets to the issue of discrimination that affect the Indigenous Indigenous people, particularly the youth in the 21st century. Among these is the perception that Aboriginal’s are inherently lazy, alcoholic, dole (welfare) bludgers ( ). One factor that contributes to the portrayal of Indigneous people in this light and thus impacting on the relationship of the Indigenous community within mainstream society is the influence of the media (Stoneham, Goodman & Daube, 2014). The consistent representation of Indigneous people in such a negative view further perpetuates the racist stereotypes that were ______ which can have a major impact on the health and wellbeing of Indigneous Australians (Stoneham, Goodman and Daube).
Native Americans would need to infuse the diversity of their own cultures into such image making; they need to become more outspoken when it comes to the elements that represent their own culture and traditions. This will require a lot of patience, since the task is to counter generations of distortions that have been accepted by the mainstream as truth.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Any stereotype is based on prejudgments. People who take stereotypes into consideration when judging a person can make assumptions on others from multiple sources, such as peers and the media. In the article, “Paper Tigers,” Wesley Yang, an Asian-American, implies how stereotypes affect people of his culture in both positive and negative ways. Either way, negative and positive stereotypes can both negatively have an impact on a person by altering how a person feels about themselves. The negative impact of stereotypes on individuals causes friction to potential relationships and creates an impossible standard for a person to reach thus making a person feel imperfect.
This is important to understand when looking at Indigenous women, as culture encompasses both ethnicity as well as gender (Bogo, 2006, p. 35). I have some cultural competency for women, seeing as I am a woman, and although I have a relatively little understanding of an Aboriginal woman’s culture at this point, it is important that I acknowledge that for all persons, including Indigenous women, no one’s culture is congruent for every single member of the group. Therefor, in order to gain cultural competency in a way that does not assume a universal experience, Bogo (2006) suggests the importance of taking a stance of naïveté so that the participant can tell the worker about their own culture (p. 38). This will also help to develop a non-judgmental stance, if one comes into their practice without assumptions. In his article, Michael Anthony Hart discusses the importance of having a non-judgmental stance in Aboriginal culture, as he says it “limit[s] a person’s self determination” (1999, p. 99).
We need to recognize the limitations of our clinic in addressing the health needs of Aboriginal people and our clinic must advocate for a system that recognizes the root causes of mental health problems in Aboriginals, which stem from residential schooling, colonization, and assimilation practices of the Canadian government. Westernized practices still being used by our clinic need to be addressed and our nurses need to engage in new learning opportunities with people from other cultural backgrounds with the goal of creating an environment that promotes culturally competent nursing by heightening our awareness and understanding of relationships with clients from cultural backgrounds that are different from our own.
In the workplace, it is common to encounter individuals of different cultures, ethnicities, and genders. This diversity can either lead to an introduction of new work methods, or it can lead to conflict between coworkers. In order to avoid conflict, and have all employees work as a cohesive team, managers must educate themselves, and their employees on the topic of cultural diversity. In order for your practices to be considered effective, you must not only respect and recognize an employee’s diversity, you must use their difference to benefit them.
For example, I want to continue learning and experiencing all of the various cultures and languages around the world. When I become the worker I know that I am going to meet an array of people from different backgrounds, religions, and beliefs. I feel that it is my duty to learn as much as I can about cultures so that I am able to serve my client in the best way.