What is a sperm bank? This is a place where the semen is kept in cold storage for use in artificial insemination. This is the technique used by a couple to get the baby without having sexual intercourse. This method involved third party as a sperm donor. In addition, the sperm donor will be paid for every single donation he has done. It becomes more popular among the couples who cannot conceive their own baby and nowadays, many lesbian couples and single person used this kind of method too. Some people may say, “it’s interesting and easy,” but it is not so interesting if you know what kind of consequences the sperm bank will give you. Indeed, there are many bad effects of using a sperm bank such as spreading the diseases, affecting relationship problems and leading to hidden costs. First of all, the diseases spread by the sperm donation is one of the consequences of using a sperm bank. Many of us think that this sperm bank is the best and secured method to be applied. On the other hand, it has been reported by De Standaard and Het Nieuwsbald as cited in Torfs, M. (2013) that a sperm bank in Ghent is being a cause of two children infected by a disease named Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or Von Recklinghausen’s disease. Furthermore, based on the next investigation, the children from the same sperm bank are also suffering the same disease in another place. It is not as safe as we think. It must be due to some of the procedures that lead to some serious bad effects. A donor can pass a genetic condition to at least five babies. It is good if the donor gives you such a perfect baby, however can you imagine if you are using a sperm bank, your future baby will be suffering the same disease as mentioned before? Besides, according to the E...
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...tioned in americanonnews.com (2012), one of the women that used a sperm bank said, her child got the disease from her sperm donor because he did not tell the banks about his disease and it causes the same disease to be spread to other children from his sperm donation. Of course, this leads to medical cost. You are going to spend more money for the treatment of the disease. In the nutshell, the sperm bank does not bring any positivity in the human lives. It spread diseases and may even lead to death. It will also make relationship problems become more complicated as well as bringing more hidden cost. Thus, careful consideration should be given before something is applied as millions of couples or individuals would be affected by it. Prevent on is better than cure. Why should we use a complicated and risky sperm bank when actually there is something better to be done.
No rules, regulations, or boundaries have been set for this process, causing misuse already. Currently some countries use it to avoid having female children (Steere). This is aiding in an even more male dominated society, setting up a divide between genders even more so than today. Further misuse of this invention could create a faction of parents only wanting to use the process to make a profit off of the child's stem cells. Along with the gender inequality and profit, the cost of this process would also form a prominent division between the rich and
In 2001 scientist attempted to create a cloned human embryo, they had consulted all the necessary sources before getting the “ok” to begin “creating”. Then they had to find a female subject to donate eggs. To start the process of cloning they need to use a very fine needle and get the genetic information from a mature egg. Then they inject it into the nucleus of a donor cell. The female donors were asked to take psychological and physical tests to screen for diseases and what not.
Nowadays, there are many alternatives or any other methods to improve the healthcare especially in a transplantation world. There are few choices available for the people today such as the embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, peripheral blood cell and the most new is the umbilical cord blood. The umbilical cord blood (UCB) defined by Chima and Mamdoo (2011, p. 79) as the blood which taken from the cut umbilical cord attached to the placenta of a newborn baby after a delivery. It been stated (Chima and Mamdoo 2011, p. 79) that the cord derived from the allantois have a rich source of multipotent stem cells, including the CD34+ , CD38- and haematopoietic progenitor cells. This shows that the cord blood could be more potential as the bone marrow cell in the patients with the haematological or non-haematological problems. The first successful umbilical cord transplantation done was in 1989 in a child with a Fanconi’s anemia and since then, the growth or demand for the cord blood increased. As we can see, this contributed to a major reason for the need of umbilical cord blood donation, storage, processing, freezing, and releasing of cord blood to the patient. Thus, establishment of the cord blood bank (CBB) because of the demand increased (Ballen 2010, p. 8). As mentioned by Ballen (2005, p. 3786), the first establishment of cord blood bank was in the early 1990s in New York, Milan, and Dusseldorf. The storage of the cord blood could last for about 15 years (Fadel 2006, p. 1). The point is that there are many ethical and legal issues raised by this CBB that need clarification and justification like the informed consent, ownership and property rights, collection of cord blood, and public CBB vs private CBB.
Is the donor the husband or someone else? Almost every posek will hold that if the husband can use his own sperm he should. If the husband cannot, the donor should be non-Jewish.
IVF does have its pros, but for some couples the cons could possibly outweigh these benefits. According to BabyCenter.com, some pros are things such as successful track record, no link to cancer, and improved techniques. But the list of cons seem to outweigh these pros by a few negative factors such as: price, time consuming, IVF not working, and potential complications for the baby and mother during delivery (BabyCenter). Clearly some of these cons are easily fixed by family help or the couple’s salary, but for almost all middle class soon-to-be mothers, this procedure will put a dent in their daily lifestyles. Just for my IVF procedure, my parents spent around $25,000. They had to sell their house and downgrade to a much smaller one, but also were lucky enough to receive financial help from my grandparents, because they were just as passionate of this procedure as were my parents. If a couple can see past the cons, and agree that the pros outweigh them, then IVF is a procedure for them. Among the pros is the success rate, which is seemingly very different depending on age groups. According to American Pregnancy Association (2012), the success rates differ per age group. For example: under the age of 35 is 41%-43%, age 35-37 is 33%-36%, age 38-40 is 23%-27%, and lastly above the age of 40 is 13%-15% (AmericanPregnancy, 2012). Although the numbers for the younger ages seem low, there are far more success stories than not. These age gaps prove that the older the female, the harder it is to conceive. If the success rate is that low for women over 40, imagine the success rate for women 60-65 years or older. Therefore, in order to prevent females above the age of 60-65 to follow through with an IVF procedure in the future, government needs to intervene now before the option is
With entering of the 21st century, social life has undergone enormous changes, biomedical technology have seen an unprecedented development. Artificial reproductive technology is an important part in the entire biomedical technology, including artificial insemination, Al, inseminations, IVF, surrogacy, and clone it four ways. As biomedical technology difficulties encountered in the 20th century, like artificial reproductive technology despite already produced, but from the date they are incurred, it is doomed to its controversial. Surrogacy as an alternative reproductive technology, the continuation of the way is not a product of modern times. As the embodiment of modern technology, surrogacy contract appears firstly in the mid-1970s. Time Magazine in 1978 firstly used surrogate mother in the mainstream media to describe another female couple for fertility (Beverly, 1987). S...
Pregnant women have to be careful while pregnant. They have to watch out for various speed bumps. There are tons of toxins that can hurt the baby in the womb. The mother is responsible for most of these, after all she is the one who is carrying the baby. Many of these factors can result in death. It is really sad that it has to end that way some of the time. The worst toxins for a baby to encounter while in the mother’s uterus are different types of drugs and alcohol. Those two things can could serious problems for the infant once it gets into their system. They enter into the baby’s bloodstream from the mother, and cause problems from there on out.
In conclusion, Surrogacy has played a significant role in people’s lives. It has established itself as a reliable way of having babies for infertile and couples of the same genders to have babies. Surrogacy has its negative effects just like everything else. With the help of Surrogacy infertile and non-infertile couples are able to bond and share the same genes as their children. Surrogacy has taught me how difficult it can be for couples to have babies, however, it has also taught me how society views it in such a negative
Shoukhrat Mitalipov, American biologist who heads the Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy says human cloning has been used for the first time to "produce one embryonic stem cell line using just two human eggs, which would make this approach practical for widespread therapeutic use". In fact, when doctors added caffeine to the cell cultures, their outputs were transformed into something they see as extremely beneficial to everyone. Secular society argues that cloning is beneficial to those who need transplants, diabetes, heart attacks, and Parkinson 's disease. As people age, their organs are at high risk of failing, so they need replacement. If humans were cloned, their organs could then be used to replace those of sick people. In fact, it is currently the case that there are not enough organ donors around to fulfill this need, therefore cloning humans would overcome that issue as there would then be a ready supply. The first experiment of cloning ever done was on Dolly the Sheep in 1997. This was a much discussed story because Dolly the sheep was cloned and past away not so long after. Therefore, because of this people say it is unsafe. However secular society sees the positive sides more significant than they do the negative sides. Secular society also argues that human cloning is a technology that will help infertile couples get children. Many couples all around the world are not able to have children, usually due to health issues. Reproductive cloning can help lesbians to have children without the use of donor sperm. And it would allow gay men to have children without the use of donor eggs and a surrogate. However, a surrogate would have to carry the
Who should be responsible for stopping the 120 million sperm that are released during a male orgasm from fertilizing a female’s egg? The context of that question has been a societal debate in terms of the consequences of unplanned pregnancy and whether it is a female, male or both sexes responsibility to practice “safe sex”. Introducing the birth control pill for women in the 1960s created a huge controversy between sexual conservatives and the women who would benefit from the pill, but the responsibility still remained in the hands of women. However, as medicine has advanced and the possibility of a male birth control pill has amounted, many wonder if the same issues would arise if a male birth control pill did in fact become available. In order to understand the effects on society of both individual female and male responsibilities it is essential that the women birth control pill is discussed, the male pill and lastly, what the stigmas and potential effects of both birth control pills mean.
Dozens of couples in the United Kingdom are opting to have this done so they can give birth to free from disease
Test tube babies have long been stigmatized by society as the unnatural results of scientific dabbling. The words `test tube baby' have been used by school children as an insult, and many adults have seen an artificial means of giving birth as something perhaps only necessary for a lesbian woman, or a luxury item only available to the elite few. The reality is that assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been helping infertile couples have children since 1978.1 The methods of in vitro fertilization, it's variants, and the other ART procedures are ways for persons that would otherwise have no hope of conception to conceive and, in a rapidly growing percentage of cases, give birth to healthy babies. As the technology has developed, the quality and range of assistance has developed as well. At present, the means of assisted reproduction and the capabilities of these procedures has grown at a somewhat dizzying pace. However, thought to the repercussions of the applications of ART are being disregarded to some extent while the public's knowledge and the understanding of embryologists and geneticists surges forward. It is possible given consideration to things such as the morality of these techniques, the unexplored alternative uses of these procedures, and the potential impact they posses that further development is unnecessary and possibly dangerous.
Aldous Huxley’s dystopian Brave New World is more than a warning against the dangers of technology; it is a prediction for the future that rings eerily true. Today we understand that many of the fantastical devices and practices imagined by Huxley are coming to life. Most notable is the practice of in vitro fertilization, something that was a mad scientist’s dream during Huxley’s time, and is today a commonplace practice. According to the National Institutes of Health, in vitro fertilization is “the joining of a woman’s egg and a man’s sperm in a laboratory dish” (Storck). The procedure was first performed successfully in 1978 and has since become widely used today by couples that desire a child and are unable to conceive by “natural” means.
Arguments against commercial surrogacy typically revolve around the idea that surrogacy is a form of child-selling. Critics believe that commercial surrogacy violates both women’s and children’s rights. In addition, by making surrogacy contracts legally enforceable, courts will follow the contract rather than choose what is best for the child. However, in her article “Surrogate Mothering: Exploring Empowerment” Laura Pudry is not convinced by these arguments.
The reproductive system is the part of the human body that is necessary to continue the human existent. Reproduction in humans normally would begin by a male and female having sexual intercourse with each other.