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The rise of the Qin dynasty
Modern human rights violations in china
Modern human rights violations in china
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Some positive reforms of the Qin Dynasty include the newly adopted bureaucratic system, which allowed non-hereditary to control. Throughout this dynasty, and to the end, its imperial system was continued in the next dynasty, though with some new measures and doctrines. Also, the great wall was built to protect its borders against barbarians, which, though had required large supplies of manpower and supplies that had caused the workers to be treated in repressive manners. In a matter of negative aspects, I believe that centralization was controlled inefficiently. For the dynasty of the Qin had standardized much of the legal procedures, such as writing, thought, and scholarship. Though to support such acquisition, those who did not follow such reformations were to be killed and their teachings, such as the Confucianists. The demanding unequal treatment of the laborers, and the inability to promote free-thinking had lead to civil wars and revolts which eventually had led to this dynasties' downfall.
The Han Dynasty, though had adopted some principles of the Qin, they had made them more humane. Also, unlike that of the Qin, they actually accepted
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and respected the ideals of the Confucianists for the government, and even held some as a creed. Furthermore, the Han seemed to be more culturally accepting, and had far more technological, intellectual, literary, and artistic advancements. They had the Silk Road, and an adopted tributary system within the Han Dynasty. They were both monarchies, and the Han had fallen from corruption, while the Qin from uprisings. Some factors in the rise of the T'ang Dynasty include the tolerance of intellectuals, the expansion of Buddhism, and the growth of technological, philosophical, and artistic abilities. The flourishing economy stability contributed to the Silk Road, the trading from the Grand Canal, and some standardized legalities and taxations. Its decline was due to rebellions, warfare, lower-class uprisings to the tax system, the lessening of political stability. I would have fairly treated and taxed all of the lower-class societies, for they act as a large part of such an empire. Also, I would have leveled the control of power throughout the classes from unifying, and emphasized more to the people of the negative effects of external conflict, to helpfully help control what is happening internally. I think Confucius’ teachings were so popular among the upper classes because they were able to pursue education, and thoroughly commit to the ceremonies discussed. Confucius' teachings promote social responsibility by telling the reader how to live, interact, and participate efficiently with the outside world and its society. The social structure of feudal Japan makes it possible to administer the state by its four-tier system.
The higher tiers such as the Shogun, Domingos, and the Samurai held a sufficient amount of power, and it would be devastating to question their power. In the lower class, the farmers were respected for their contributions, next, the artisans for their goods, then, the merchants were of the lowest due to insignificance. The merchants, though, were able to gain fortunes, so their importance in the tiers blurred depending on such. Some social mixes were allowed despite the rules, and even with the classes outside of the tier system, including the slaves. So, to recapitulate, the upper classes were so powerful, it instituted fear in the lower, which had led them to respect and conform to the principles set forth before
them. Confucius’ teachings include the ideals of respect for all, self-restraint control, importance of self-love, compassion, love, and harmonious relations. Also, had principles that were such as remaining responsible for your actions, treating others how you wish to be, and to live and accomplish what you wish to become remembered by. These all sound like admirable morals for anyone, despite their beliefs. So, yes, I do believe that teachings such as these do in fact. lay the groundwork for a good society. Because they tell you how to treat others in a just way, and if everyone reflected on it, such fairness would become reciprocated, and equal-ness accepted.
The founder of the Qin dynasty was Qin Shi Huangdi, a title meaning “First Emperor.” He was a brutal ruler, but he brought about many changes. However, in addition to all the new, some old ideas were continued from the Zhou, such as the emphasis on the wheat and rice staple foods, and the philosophies, Confucianism and Daoism. The old continuities tended to have been deeply embraced by China, and, just as the Zhou did, the Qin would create some ideas that lasted, and some that did not. Qin Shi Huangdi enforced a tough autocratic rule and, as a result, opposed formal culture that could make people counter his rule. This meant that he burned many books and attacked Confucian ideas in order to keep the people from generating rebellious ideas. When the Qin dynasty fell, so too did the opposition towards education, because it took away from the civilization culturally. Despite the fact that the Qin dynasty was very short and had little time to fully develop its systems and ideas, it did pump out a vast quantity of new and lasting concepts, such as the Great Wall and a central government. One of the biggest contenders for the most well-known feature of the Qin dynasty is the Great Wall. This architectural masterpiece extends over 3,000 miles, and was mainly a
First, an aspect that remained constant throughout Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties includes family systems. Respect towards elders and ancestors was demanded at all times. According to Confucius, “there are no wrongdoing parents,” meaning that no matter how abusive or irritating a parent may be, there is no circumstance in which respect can wane. In addition, there was a constant cycle of patriarchal hierarchy, passed through sons before daughters, and the eldest son having the chief privileges. Another aspect that remained constant throughout the pre-classical
The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two grand empires that rose out of preexisting territories and provided relative peace over wide areas. The collapse of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), which was the first great land-based empire in East Asia, came after a period of war, confusion, and tyrannical rule. Due to the political disorder that stemmed from the early dynastic activity, the emergence of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE- 228 CE) sprung to focus on restoring order. On the other hand, the rise of the Roman Empire (44 BCE- 476 CE) originated from consolidating authority over aristocratic landlords and overriding the democratic elements of the earlier Republic. Instead, the Roman Empire redefined the concept of “citizen” as subjects to the Roman emperor. Both empires shared similar agendas to exploit their vast territories and resources, which helped them expand their political dominance; however, despite having similar political goals and foundations, their government system, cultural ideologies and imperial expansionist natures diverged.
Qin Dynasty’s government was in the style of a dictatorship and it was the of the first ones to ever exist.
... those who were born into wealth and this secured the well being of the future generations of rulers. The main source of power for all of the groups was strong ancestral lineage. Education also played a major role in each group because those who could read and write well passed the civil service exams. This secured the gentry’s local status, and the samurai had to be well educated in order to act as political administrators and military warriors. Lower class rebellions plagued the rule of each elite group and were controlled and diminished. The main difference between these groups was the military status of the samurai. The gentry and yangban acted purely as government officials while the samurai possessed duties to the military as well. Overall, the main criteria met by all of the elite groups were prominent ancestral lineage and exorbitant amounts of money.
Finally, one more good thing that came out of Mongol rule was that Genghis Khan rule was that he accepted all religions. He knew that he could never unite a country under one religion or the people would rebel so he saw it best to let them do their own religions. Sometimes thanks to the trading routes religions intermingled. Also thanks to these trading routes different religions reached different places.
From 1700 to roughly 220 BCE (before the Common Era), the region currently known as China was divided into six states: Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan, each ruled by different kings. These inter-warring states were already familiar with wall building techniques, each having constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. When Shih Huangdi, the young king of the ancient Chinese state of Qin (also spelled Ch’in, from which the word China derives), conquered each of the remaining five states in 221 BCE, the continuous warring finally came to an end. By conquering these states, Shih Huangdi established the Qin Dynasty, thus creating the first unification of China, and the first Chinese central government. In his efforts to make this new concept of centralized rule “stick”, as well as prevent the reemergence of feudal lords, Shih Huangdi ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the forme...
There was class system that divided people into four categories: samurai, farmers, artist and merchants. Only samurai were allowed to carry the swords. When high-ranking officials walked down the street all the peasants had kneel to give him respect.
Out of the three different thought systems, Legalism was a success in the sense that it achieved what the other two systems desperately strove for - the unification of China. "Qin conquered Yan in 226, Wei in 225, Chu in 223, Qu in 221. Now, in 221, it ruled the entire Chinese world and was ready to make that world over in the image of Qin" (Wills 41). Many of the Legalist ideas were quite thought provoking and praiseworthy; they believed in equality for all and government according to merit. However, the system gained a rotten reputation according to the ruthless rule of the First Emperor. Confucianism thus became the official Philosophy, gaining wide acceptance in China.
Li Si The "Historical Records," written by Sima Qian, is a historical account which showcases how the corrupted legalist system of the Qin Dynasty led to the loss of the Mandate of Heaven and the fall of the Empire. Qian, who lived during the Han Dynasty, used the example of Li Si, the Chief Minister of the Emperors of the Qin Dynasty, to emphasis the newly accepted Confucian values. It was the shortcomings of Li Si which led to the fall of the Qin Dynasty as well as his own death. However, Qian is careful to note that prior to his downfall, Li Si followed many Confucian values which allowed him to rise up from a commoner to his eventual position as Chief Minister.
The Han Dynasty governed China for more than four hundred years. It rose to power in 206 BC and stayed until 220 AC. The Han Dynasty played a vital role in China’s development. This dynasty pioneered a political system and social structure that lasted in China for almost 2,000 years. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were considered two of the most strongest civilizations at that time. The Roman Empire lasted from 27 BC to 393 AD. This empire changed the way Romans lived. The Romans made rapid advancements in science and technology. Both of these civilizations successfully took control of their countries. While they both have an abundant amount of similarities, they is an overwhelming amount of differences that set these two empires apart. The decline of these two civilizations were both caused by internal affairs. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire both ruled close to the same time span, they both had highly centralized political systems, and they both were the most advanced civilizations in their region of the world. Their similarities did not overshadow their differences however. The Roman Empire had a senate that served as their legislative body and in China, the emperors ruled over the city. The Han Dynasty implemented national equality, and used Confucianism thoughts to keep the country united, while the Romans divided their citizens into different social classes and kept ethic discrimination. While both civilizations had strong social class separators, the Roman Empire made their’s more apparent. Both civilizations were strong and advanced for their time, however, they both ruled their countries differently.
The Sui dynasty reigned from 581 – 618 A.D. The emperor built monasteries for both Buddhism and Daoism throughout the land, and appointed Buddhist monks as his key advisors. (Duiker, & Spielvogel, 2009) The Han system of examination based on the Confucian classics were revived. Taxation was reformed, and a census was introduced to create equitable tax collection. Also, a land grant was given to every taxable male. Once a male turned 60 years old, part of the land was returned to the government, the rest could be passed on to his heirs. (Halsall, 1998) This was also a time of great building. During the Sui, the Great wall was rebuilt, and the Grand Canal was constructed. Connecting the Huang, Huai, and Yangtze rivers, the Grand Canal had a huge impact on travel, trade, and socialization in China.
Qin and Han were both emperors of China who believed in the afterlife which was a custom at that time period in history. They both had terracotta army’s Qin had 4 pits with over 8,000 warriors while Han had 81 pits focused more on figurines of more of a domestic and everyday life. Maybe because Han had a more evenhanded ruling style and was not afraid of the enemy like Qin who had several attempts made on his life was Han did not focus a lot on his army. While both
...f this object. The qin was a very important element in Chinese society during the Han dynasty as it was one of the many aspects in the creation of the two opposing social identities within the same culture. Unlike the effect music had on diaspora communities, it was a factor in the divergence of people in a community.
The establishment of the caste system during their feudal development insured unity and lack of diversity would be a theme through the rest of their history. During the Nara period the Japanese society was separated into classes which were based on the position of each family. Whether the position was of a court official, samurai, or peasant farmer, each class carefully blended together. The appearance of unity was paramount. Individual rights were non-existent. It became common place to respect and even worship the ancestral heritage. Wisdom was thought to be a combination of knowledge and a practical application of that knowledge. Therefor, the older family members were thought to have to most wisdom from the lives they spent applying their knowledge. They were revered and respected by the younger generations in the family. Another way in which the traditional family structure in Japan supports the conformity of its’ member is through the Bushido influence. This "way of warrior" has permanently established in the Japanese culture during to Tokogawa Era. The warrior code dictated that loyalty, respect, and honor were the most important personal ideals one could have. These ideals filtered out of the samurai class and eventually rooted deeply into the national character of Japan. Conformity is required through this ideal because an individual mentality would not consider loyalty to be as important as society viewed it. In addition, by behaving out of the norm, shame would be brought to a family. The individualistic mentality runs contradictory to the traditional fam...