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Nectar in a sieve essay by kamala markandaya
Imperialism for britain late 1800s
Nectar in a sieve essay by kamala markandaya
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For hundreds of years, white European men have claimed the top level of the social hierarchy, demeaning anyone else not like them. This self-proclaimed white superiority is apparent in the novel Nectar in a Sieve by Kamala Markandaya, a story that revolves around the life of Rukmani, a poor Indian farmer woman whose life is forever changed by British imperialists, as well as during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when European countries imperialized places such as India, The Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Blatant disrespect for imperialized people, a forced economic divide, as well as the merciless snatching of resources, explicitly reflect imperialism as a system of dominance rather than one of global progress.
White men often exercised
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In Nectar in a Sieve, the British in Rukmani’s town exist primarily in relation to the tannery that takes root there. When Rukmani and her husband Nathan first discuss the influence the tannery has had on the town, Rukmani observes how, “They lay their hands upon us and we are all turned from tilling to barter, and hoard our silver since we cannot spend it, and we see our children go without the food that their children gorge” (28). Rukmani is describing how the tannery has come into their village and forced their attention from tending to their crops to having to negotiate with merchants to get the food they need to supply for their family. She also describes how they have to save their money up because even when “hoard” their money it is not enough to buy anything, and how the Indian families do not have enough food to get by while the British families “gorge” on food. Rukmani speaks with a very irritated tone that notes her dislike of the British, and she uses diction that denotes an excess. However, the “hoard” of silver that the Indians have is only a tiny sliver of the amount that the British are gorging themselves on. This shows imperialistic power and influence because the British have the ability to take away the food and other resources that are a necessity and keep it all for themselves, all while forcing the Indians to continue working harder than ever. This was also seen when the British actually imperialized India in the nineteenth century. The East India Company had complete control of India at the time, and they used their power to force Indian farmers into growing cash crops instead of the food they needed to survive. Using the money earned from growing the cash crops, the British could supply for their own families easily, while the Indians had nothing to sell to make money so that
...usion that race is deployed "in the construction of power relations."* Indeed a "metalanguage" of race, to use Higginbotham's term, was employed by colonial powers to define black women as separate from English women, and that process is deconstructed in Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, Anxious Patriarchs. However, Brown's analysis rests mainly on the shifting English concepts of gender and race imposed on colonial society by the white elite, becoming at times a metalanguage of colonial gender. Nonetheless, Brown's analysis of overlapping social constructions is instructive for understanding the ways gender and race can be manipulated to buttress dominant hierarchies.
Elizabeth Ammon’s “The Myth of Imperial Whiteness” and Kenneth Bernard’s “Imagery and Symbolism in Ethan Frome” both have two vastly different perspectives on the same work of literature. Ammons goes into extensive detail to support the concept of racism that exists in Ethan Frome. Through the rich usage of symbolism, dynamic and static characters as well as imagery, Bormand offers his analysis on the characterization of Ethan Frome as well. Through the comparison of each critical work’s beginning, or introduction and conclusion, the variations in style and approach are quickly perceived.
for the White Man” are essays about the American racism, in “An Indian’s Looking-Glass for
Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone has been read as an archetypal piece of imperial propaganda, and yet it seems to lend itself to an alternate reading in which it represents a distinct challenge to the colonial mindset. The majority of the tale is set in England but the Indian location of the prologue and epilogue explicitly root The Moonstone within the context of the colonial experience in India. Far from being incidental embellishments, these two sections provide the opening and the closure of the story. Significantly, the thefts of the eponymous jewel is carried out by a series of upper-class Englishmen, starting with John Herncastle. It is hugely relevant that he steals the moonstone during the siege of Seringapatam in 1799, an event which consolidated the dominance of the East India Company in colonial India. The Moonstone first appeared in serial form on January 4th 1868 by which time myths and facts about the British termed ‘mutiny’ of 1857 were firmly entrenched in the national consciousness. Amidst the widespread repercussions of the events of the mutiny was a loss of former power on the part of the same company. Through his evocation of these memories Wilkie Collins seems to link looting and violence with colonial maladministration.
In order to gain natural resources from the colonies, the imperial powers forced the colonized people to grow certain crops that are specifically grown to be sold which is why they are named “cash” crops. These include plants like tea, indigo, cotton, coffee, jute, and other crops that are not food. However, this increased production cash crops took the place of food crops, which led to food shortages. Additionally, to increase their gains, the imperial powers forced the colonized people to sell these crops at extremely low prices. Because of this, the colonized people grew less food but did not earn enough money selling cash crops to buy the food they needed. This situation led to widespread hunger and famines, which led to many of the colonized people dying of starvation. For example, the Indian people were forced by the British to convert to growing cash crops instead of food crops. This caused increased famines in the late 1800s. (p. 358). From 1876 to 1900, there were 18 famines and an estimated 15 million deaths from starvation in India. (Historical Investigation-The Development of Nationalism in India Worksheet). In this case, one can see that producing the cash crops instead of cash crops was directly linked to food shortages throughout India as well as a loss of self-sufficiency. This shows how the wants of the imperial power
Historical facts are cleverly infused into the body of the novel that gives the reader an authentic and classic impression of the story. A clear view of the discrimination that existed in that time period against non-whites and women was evident by the time the conclusion of the book was reached. For instance, a conversation takes place between characters in the novel in which civilization is said to be going to pieces as a result of "The Rise of the Coloured Empires". Women are also constantly referred to as "girls".
Gender and Race are both used by Imperialist empires to justify their actions. Both of them go hand-in- hand in justifying the ability of an imperialist nations to interfere with and take over other cultures. In Kipling’s White Man’s Burden, Forster’s Passage to India, Silko’s Ceremony, Limerick’s Legacy of Conquest, and Kent’s Gender and power in Britain , 1640-1990, Gender is used as a justification to defend a gender in another country, and to “teach” them how to “live”. Additionally, Race is used as justification managing another country; the reason to keep races and minorities separated, and as justification for actions during ethical incidents. Race and Gender are used as justifications for intervention and takeover of other nations by
The article titled, “Imperialism: The Masterful Duty of the Manly Race, written by Gail Bederman is informative and insightful because the author explores the connection between manhood and race between 1880-1917. It contends that, as white collar class men effectively attempted to fortify male power, their race turned into a factor which was essential to their sexual orientation. I believe whiteness was both a tangible certainty and a masculinity perfect for these men. My main idea on this article is that is identifies very well the relationship among manliness and race.
When the British wanted to take over the East India, they had to take control of the Indian
The characters in the book Nectar in a Sieve had to deal with Western imperialism and they had to adapt to the changing ideas associated with Western imperialism. Throughout the book Rukmani had to struggle with her beliefs and how to cope with these changes. From the beginning Rukmani coped with these changes, from culture to her way of life, until the end of the book where even then her life was not through being changed.
In the novel This Earth Of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, discrimination against social structure, race, and gender is apparent. The setting is in the Indies, or now called Indonesia. At that time, there are terms for different races in the book, which are “Native” indicating someone who is pure Indonesian, “Indo” a half European and half Indonesian, and “Pure Blood” or “European” when someone is pure European. An Indo and a Pure Blood receives more respect in society than a Native. Furthermore, European or Pure Blood is at the top of this social hierarchy, people who are European or Pure Blood receives the utmost respect in society. Differences in gender is prevalent in this novel, where most women in this book have power in their own homes, but in society is looked down upon. Female characters experiencing these are Annelies, the main character’s love interest, Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies’ mother who is a concubine, and Magda Peters, the main character’s European teacher. Women in this novel are portrayed differently according to what race, social structure, and gender they are born in, which can be seen through Nyai Ontosoroh, Annelies, and Magda Peters.
Nicholas B. Dirks. (2011). Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India. Princeton University Press
In this paper feminist aspect of post colonization will be studied in “Season of Migration to the North” novel by Tayeb Salih. Postcolonial feminism can be defined as seeks to compute for the way that racism and the long-lasting economic, cultural, and political influences of colonialism affect non-white, non-Western women in the postcolonial world, according to Oxford dictionary. As it mentioned earlier about the application of Feminism theory in literature, the provided definition of postcolonial feminism also is not applicable in literature analysis. Therefore, Oxford defines another applic...
Bolt, Christine. “Race and the Victorians,” in British Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century, ed. C.C. Eldridge. St. Martin’s Press: 1984.
...orn Brahmin—India’s highest Hindu caste. At the University of Madras, Markandaya studied history and worked as a journalist. In 1948, Markandaya moved to London, —where she wrote her novels—but made frequent trips to India (Glassman). The most popular literature work she created was her first novel Nectar in a Sieve (Glassman). American views of India aspired from her work (Glassman). In the 1980s Markandaya struggled to get her books published because “traditional realistic” type novels were not in demand anymore (Glassman). Both authors directly or indirectly have a connection with the oppression of Indians in India. Throughout the twentieth century, European imperialists took advantage of the Indian people. The novel of Kamala Markandaya and the poetry of Sarojini Naidu depict how the Indian people accepted their lives, even though they endured many hardships.