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During World War II, Hitler rounded up people who were not part of the Aryan Race and sent them to concentration camps; in those camps, some of those people served as test subjects for medical experimentation. These experiments separate into three categories. The first type were “experiments aimed at facilitating the survival of Axis military personnel,” (Museum). Next, the “experimentation aimed at developing and testing pharmaceuticals and treatment methods for injuries and illnesses which German military and occupation personnel encountered in the field” (Museum). Finally, the “[experimentations] sought to advance the racial and ideological tenets of the Nazi worldview” (Museum). In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, Dr. Mengele conducted at least two of the selections that Elie had to watch and go through, but it is different because in Night, Elie Wiesel was not aware of the experiments and only saw Dr. Mengele during the selections. Dr. Mengele and other SS doctors received the power to test various medical experiments on Jews, Gypsies, war prisoners, the unwanted, and others that Hitler sent to concentration camps. Some were done for science and others were just to satisfy the doctor's interests. The first kinds of experiments were designed to make the air force safer and find ways to prevent problems that could occur while in battle. These experiments consisted of tests such as, high altitude/low pressure tests for the safety of parachuting, freezing tests to find a way to prevent hypothermia, and seawater tests. Patients were put into low pressure chambers to see how long they could last, held in snow or freezing ice water for hours, or forced to drink seawater and not only did most of them die, but they suffered through sev... ... middle of paper ... ...e were done just so doctors, like Josef Mengele, could answer their own questions. All of these show the cruelty that the world could and still can have just because they hate somebody or they are interested in finding something, but we learn about these past experiences so that they never happen again. Works Cited Bard, Mitchell G., ed. The Holocaust. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2001. Print. Turning Points in World History. Campbell, John, ed. The Experience of World War II. New York: Oxford UP, 1989. Print. Grabowski, John F. Josef Mengele. San Diego: Thomson Gale, 2004. Print. Heroes and Villains. Klosterman, Chuck. "Can Data Be Evil?" New York Times Magazine 5 Jan. 2014: 14. Academic OneFile. Web. 7 May 2014. Museum. "Nazi Medical Experiments." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 10 June 2013. Web. 7 May 2014.
Bard, Mitchell G., ed. "Introduction." Introduction. The Holocaust. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2001.
As the human species develops, medicine follows suit. Researchers look down medicinal avenues which promise a better life-- a longer life. However, red and blue paint cannot engender purple paint without proper mixing. Thus, health sciences cannot expand without thorough experimentation. The Nazis exemplified this concept of “thorough experimentation” with their cruel and inhumane medical experiments. The trials varied in nature and reason. Some of the “experiments had legitimate scientific purposes, though the methods that were used violated the canons of medical ethics. Others were racial in nature, designed to advance Nazi racial theories. [However,] Most were simply bad science.” (jewishvirtuallibrary.org). The medical experiments performed by the Nazis were vast and highly divergent, but they can generally be divided into three categories: racial experimentation, war-injury experimentation, and pharmaceutical testing.
"Nazi Medical Experimentation: The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments." The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2013.
Rosenbaum, Alan S. Is The Holocaust Unique?. 3rd ed. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2008. 387. Print.
Even though most of these experiments did not end great, they did have some benefits. One of the mostl known Nazi doctors was Jo...
"Nazi Medical Experiments: Background & Overview." Background & Overview of Nazi Medical Experiments. Jewish Virtual Library, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
Doctors of the Concentration Camps also experimented on birth effects. They meant to radiate and sterilize young men and study the changes in the reproduction organs. Women had substances unwillingly implanted their cervix or uterus which caused pain, bleeding, and spasms. Women were forced into artificial insemination. The subjects were told that they have monsters in their wombs and were cross bred from animals. This was probably the worse of the experiments.
"The Biological State: Nazi Racial Hygiene, 1933–1939." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, 10 June 2013. Web. 26 May 2014.
The world of ethics and moral understanding of medicine was turned inside out as human rights were disregarded in an attempt to understand the anatomy of the human body, as well as its various responses to different drugs and environments. Human experimentation and subject research were of little interest to society before the 20th century (“Human Experimentation, Plutonium, and Colonel Stafford Warren”). The onset of the Holocaust heightened the popularity of that medical field. Experimentation using human subjects has drastically changed from the 20th to 21st century regarding the consent and state of the subject, the intent of the experiments, and the laws and policies passed.
During the Holocaust, medicine was not as advanced and clean as it is today. “Patients”, or it seemed more like “victims” of the experiments rarely lived, and if they did, they did not want to remember those experiences. A survivor of the inhumane activities, Heinz Reimer, talks about his experience in the camp and says that,
To begin with, during the Holocaust, Nazi doctors performed miscellaneous experiments to purposely inflict pain onto their test subjects. The unethical part of the experiments was that the doctors deliberately caused pain in order to bring amusement to their everyday lives. According to Poisuo, Herta
Treatment pointed towards finding a cure for injuries and diseases was a part of the second category of experiments (“Nazi Medical”). Studies were designed to examine contagious diseases like malaria, typhus, tuberculosis, yellow fever, and hepatitis. These were carried out on Jews at Sachsenhausen and Dachau (“Nazi Medical”). To test the efficiency of new drugs like sulfa, they did bone grafting experiments at the Ravensbrueck Camp (“Nazi Medical”). When testing antidotes at Natzwelliller and Sachssenhausen, the prisoners were forced into mustard gas (“Nazi Medical”). To help soldiers that needed an amputation, they did experiments to learn how to do transplant bones and nerves to injured soldiers (“Holocaust Medical”). X-rays, surgeries,
Most of these experimentations were taken place in concentration camps. There were many different types of experimentations that often led to death. If a person were to survive these experimentations, the person would be left with very critical wounds that would not be treated properly. The experimentations were done while the patients were awake, and were very brutal. Having children in concentration camps was a problem for the Natzi’s. The Natzi’s have tried killing the babies right after birth, but women keep having children due to the amount of rape taking place. The doctors in Ravensbrück led an experimentation trying to turn over the womb so women would be unable to have children (Weindling np). One woman named Helen Hoffman, a Slovakian Jew, had this experimentation done by doctors at Ravensbrück. Helen stated, “They used unusual instruments. The experiment was very painful. I was tied down. They used long instruments were made of iron” (Weindling np). Although very little detail was introduced, just by that statement,it is evident that women in the holocaust were used as object. Not only as sexual objects, but as objects that do not have feelings, and are not humans. Along with rape, these experimentations left the women with crucial and terrifying
...to find out something when they use children. The Tuskegee experiment exhibit how cruel researcher can also be, and how racial society was in 1932. The experiments show what can happen without regulations. There should be values and regulations to guide research in these experiments. Concluding, some experiments have the tendency to destroy the lives of the humans that have been experimented on.