One of the main feature of Navi Mumbai that should be highly focused is its housing. Without any doubt, housing plays a crucial role in overall increase of human life standards. It is not new that urban areas are consistently exploding with the rapid growth of citizens. Thus the government of India decided to build houses that could be affordable for population. The main instrument how to achieve this was to apply subsidization. With the advent of Navi Mumbai, there have been constructed over 122,000 of different types of accommodation. Half of them belong to lower income group. If to talk about the division of housing in Navi Mumbai, it should be mentioned two types, such as formal and non formal sectors. To the formal houses it can be referred private houses, co-operative houses, individual houses, and various sites for employees and poor people. Non formal sector mainly includes urban village, traditionally housing, and squatter nodes.
There always existed issues with the land that was privately owned in many parts of Navi Mumbai. In particular, the most persistent problem was t...
While it may be easier to persuade yourself that Boo’s published stories are works of fiction, her writings of the slums that surround the luxury hotels of Mumbai’s airport are very, very real. Katherine Boo’s book “Behind the Beautiful Forevers – Life, Death, and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity” does not attempt to solve problems or be an expert on social policy; instead, Boo provides the reader with an objective window into the battles between extremities of wealth and poverty. “Behind the Beautiful Forevers,” then, exposes the paucity and corruption prevalent within India.
In the movie “The Real Slumdogs” the many people of Dharavi work hard to survive in their slum. There are many businesses and other ways to make a living all in this very small area. Some examples of work in this slum are sorting garbage to find plastic to recycle, making pottery, and cooking bread to sell to the masses. Dharavi has a population around one million people. This is a large amount of people who rely on Dharavi as a place to live, learn, and earn a living. The conflict theory that presented itself in this movie is that wealthy people have put a very large price on the real estate Dharavi
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people lack adequate housing; some 100 million have none at all.? In an attempt to correct this worldwide dilemma, a United Nations conference, Habitat II, was held in Istanbul, Turkey in June of 1996. This conference was open not only to government leaders, but also to community organizers, non governmental organizations, architects and planners. “By the year 2000, half the world’s people will live in cities. By the year 2025, two thirds of the world population will be urban dwellers ? Globally, one million people move from the countryside to the city each week.? Martin Johnson, a community organizer and Princeton professor who attended Habitat II, definitively put into words the focus of the deliberations. Cities, which are currently plagued with several of the severe problems of dis-investment ?crime, violence, lack of jobs and inequality ?and more importantly, a lack of affordable and decent housing, quickly appeared in the forefront of the agenda.
This is necessary as the vast majority of individuals migrating from rural to urban centers has been steadily increasing with the level of economic growth seen within the past twenty years as mentioned earlier. Unfortunately, this situation has further shown the structural issues and inequalities of cities, as most migrants end up having a poor quality of life living in informal settlements as highlight substantially by Boo. As a means of tackling this, however, the Indian government has turned its focus on investing rural regions, developing the agricultural sector. Specifically, Boo mentions that “the prime minister, Manmohan Singh, had come down from Delhi to express his concern for the farmers’ hardships, and the central government’s determination to relieve it” (p. 138). While this is definitely important funds are not being divided justly. For starters, between rural and urban areas almost all investments are being targeting towards rural regions, which is only addressing issues of inequality in one section of the country. Furthermore, across rural areas inequalities of investment are quite often overlooked. Although, “one of the governments hopes was to stop villagers from abandoning their farms and further inundating cities like Mumbai, but Asha’s relatives knew nothing of these celebrated relief programs” (p. 138). Therefore, even though
Perhaps the biggest failure in the reservation system affecting current times is in the status of laws and jurisdiction. Communal land ownership and federal trust restrictions on land ownership and use inhibit economic development and many land allotments are owned collectively by groups of individuals. Multiple ownership makes it difficult to manage the lands and it reduces benefits to individuals. It is also nearly impossible to use the land as collateral for obtaining loans because of federal protection from encumbrances on trust
The purpose of enacting The Land Registration Act 2002, was to combat the uncertainties evolved around the previous Act, Land Registration Act 1925 . The need for reforms was highlighted in a report by Law Commission known as Land Registration for the 21st Century: a Conveyancing Revolution . LRA 2002 repealed LRA 1925, not only simplify the law by maintaining an accurate record of all the rights and alongside interests held by others that affect the land, but also to give certainty the basic concepts engrossed by the 1925 Act as it can be very clearly evident that 2002 Act revolves around the original and principle ideas with amendments.
...nd and buildings, those particular classes and groups in the capitalist system is mainly through control of these spaces feature to shape and influence the shape and organization of urban space.” It's like urban design and the use of space in Hong Kong, mainly by the government to play the role of planners to develop policies and direction, re- organization of urban space , to make "every urban space being misused, back up valuable space." establish minds think for people to meet planners use city. However, planners often ignore or deny the use of urban space by practical considerations, especially in the urban renewal project, the land was divided and re-use, along with shopping malls, commercial or residential with landmark buildings, etc. completed properties, which is becoming gentrified and "gentrification" of the problem mansion up reconstruction projects led.
In law there are two types of land, registered and unregistered. It is necessary to register land so the register precisely reflects the state of the registered property, so it is clear to see who the current owner is and whether there are any third party proprietary interests affecting it; this is important as it would make many lal enquiries easier and will show the property’s reality to any future purchasers. The purpose of land registration according to Gray and Gray (2008) is that “any prospective purchaser of registered land should always be able to verify, by simple examination of the register, the exact nature of all the interests existing in or over the land which he proposes to buy”. There are three main principles of land registration: the insurance principle, curtain principle and the mirror principle. The mirror principle which essentially means that the register reflects reality hence all facts significant to the land title are to be found on the register. The significant facts that should be included in the register are “the owner, the nature of his ownership, and any limitations on his ownership and any rights enjoyed by other persons over the land that are adverse to the owner”. However this is not always the case as some third party proprietary interests override registered dispositions, these are called overriding interests. Overriding interests are binding on a purchaser of any registered land even though they are not on the register.
Land is a paramount and becoming division of Pakistan. In spite of, its issues, for example, hyperinflation, stagnant development, parity of installments emergency, careless financial arrangement and its most exceedingly awful ever vitality emergency, the land market's viewpoint stays positive. Land costs have arrived at record highs, particularly in created urban communities like Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad where the security circumstance stays in
For example in urban areas there are tall buildings that refer to skyscrapers, housing is hardly found. According to Puja Mondal’s article, he stated that in 1991 urban housings shortage was at 8.23 million as a result the number of homeless people increased. While in rural areas houses are more widely spread out from each other and not as tall. In suburb areas people tend to live in neighborhoods where they are equally spread out and have more space than urban areas do. Families get to have larger homes and also have the option to live in small apartments however not
The idea of registering title to land was so that land would be guaranteed by the state and also for it to be relied on as proof of ownership1. This registration of titles would enable a safe, simple and economic system of transferring land between two parties thus, cutting the costs of conveyancing and preventing the chances of fraud from occurring. This system is contained in the Land Registration Acts and supplemented by the Land Registration Rules. A national system of land registration was first attempted under the Land Registration Act 1862. As this voluntary system proved ineffective as well as other further attempts in 1875 & 1897, Land Registration Act (LRA) 19252 was brought into force. The underlying objective of the LRA 1925 was to simplify conveyancing by replacing the older haphazard system of unregistered conveyancing with a system of land registration3. Although the system served well for over seventy years, it was unable to meet the requirements of a modern technological age. The Land Registration Act (LRA) 20024 was then brought into force and repealed the LRA 1925 in its entirety but still applying the fundamental principles.
On the one hand, participatory approach to land use planning can provide openings for the decentralized administration of land management and enhance legal protection of local land rights through contributing to formal recognition of existing land tenure systems. According to Chigbu et al, (2015) four functions of land use planning that directly links to tenure security. (1) Its capacity to identify or determine land areas, parcels and uses and users. (2) Its propensity to enable documentation of land areas, parcels, rights, restrictions and responsibilities. (3) The opportunities it provides for stakeholder involvement, compensation of claims and community participation. (4) Its impact on land value, land markets and credit opportunities. On the other hand, land use planning, promoting sustainable natural resource use and environmental management are generally part of the mandate of local governments. And these prerogatives often tend to be weakly developed, both legally and with respect to capacity building and methodology (Hilhorst 2010). Unclear property rights and tenure insecurity are the major constraints to the potential of successful land use planning. According to UN-Habitat (2008, p. 17), poor land use planning associated with insecurity of tenure and incompletely specified land rights leads to problems of air and water-borne pollution from agricultural and industrial land use. Though there is a
Stale and extremely unsanitary, the jam-packed Night shelters, incensed by the stagnant odor, precarious and an inhospitable environment, are shared simultaneously by a number of humans, dogs and cats alike. The flickering bonfire and the hostile winter under the Nehru Place flyover, at Sarai kale khan, the newly erected Okhla flyover, Dhaula Kuan, Chandni Chowk adding close to 80 temporary night shelters in all extend some opportune respite to the needy. The people reside under extreme harsh conditions as a lot more than the maximum number cram up every night and also try a bleak chance at that free meal. The four storey building or the flyover, a shack or a terminal/tube, they all act as single home to a multitude of homeless. Some are from Rajasthan, some from Bihar, some from Bengal and some drunk and in need of company. Residents wander far and wide in search of food and some lucky relish the intestines of Chicken or Mutton! The little-ones spend their days roaming the nearby sites in packs tagged along by that tiny puppy from their shack, shared further on with 20 odd people without any prospect of education or a future.
Nirav Modi is an Indian jeweler who is the founder of Nirav Modi global diamond jewelry house. In 2018, he has been accused of a $1.8 billion/Rs 11,400 crore fraud case and is being investigated into by the Central Bureau of Investigation in India. According to reports, it is said that Modi has been accused of colluding with certain employees working in Punjab National Bank to issue letters of undertakings which would help him become eligible for loans from other banks. A letter of undertaking is an instrument used in the banking industry which says that the bank would cover the individuals if they are not able to pay the loans. Based on this letter of undertaking, Modi was eligible for overseas loans from other banks in the country which