Nasal Fracture
A nasal fracture is a break or crack in the bones or cartilage of the nose. Minor breaks do not require treatment. These breaks usually heal on their own in about a month. Serious breaks may require surgery.
CAUSES
This condition is usually caused by a blunt injury to the nose. This type of injury often occurs from:
• Contact sports.
• Car accidents.
• Falls.
• Getting punched.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of this condition include:
• Pain.
• Swelling of the nose.
• Bleeding from the nose.
• Bruising around the nose or eyes. You may have black eyes.
• Crooked appearance of the nose.
DIAGNOSIS
This condition may be diagnosed with a physical exam. Your health care provider will gently feel your nose for signs of broken bones. He or she will look inside your nostrils to make sure that you do not have a blood-filled swelling on the dividing wall between the nostrils (septal hematoma). X-rays of the nose may not show a nasal fracture even when one is present. In some cases, you may have X-rays or a CT scan 1–5 days after the injury. Sometimes the health care provider will want to wait until the swelling has gone down.
TREATMENT
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Minor fractures that have caused no deformity often do not require treatment.
More serious fractures where bones have moved out of position may require surgery. This will take place after the swelling is gone. Surgery will stabilize and align the fracture. In some cases, a health care provider may be able to reposition the bones without surgery. This may be done in the health care provider's office after you are given medicine to numb the area (local
anesthetic). HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS • If directed, apply ice to the injured area: ○ Put ice in a plastic bag. ○ Place a towel between your skin and the bag. ○ Leave the ice on for 20 minutes, 2–3 times a day. • Take over-the-counter and prescription medicines only as told by your health care provider. • If your nose starts bleeding, squeeze the soft parts of the nose against the center wall while you are sitting in an upright position for 10 minutes. • Try to avoid blowing your nose. • Return to your normal activities as told by your health care provider. Ask your health care provider what activities are safe for you. • Avoid contact sports for 3–4 weeks or as told by your health care provider. • Keep all follow-up visits as told by your health care provider. This is important. SEEK MEDICAL CARE IF: • Your pain increases or becomes severe. • You continue to have nosebleeds. • The shape of your nose does not return to normal within 5 days. • You have pus draining from the nose. SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL CARE IF: • You have bleeding from your nose that does not stop after 20 minutes of pinching the nostrils closed and keeping ice on the nose. • You have clear fluid draining from your nose. • You notice a grape-like swelling on the dividing wall between the nostrils (septum). This is a collection of blood (hematoma) that must be drained to help prevent infection. • You have difficulty moving your eyes. • You have repeated vomiting.
This damage is called chronic traumatic encephalopathy and it occurs when individuals suffer from many concussions or any other form of head injury. This damage has a lasting affect and can cause people to die at an earlier age then which they should. The life expectancy goes down for people with chronic
Intra articular fractures of calcaneus occurs following eccentric loading of the talus on the calcaneus.(fig 5.1) The severity, type and location of fracture are determined by the position of the foot, the direction and magnitude of applied force and quality of bone 49.
Interpreting perimortem trauma can become more complicated in some cases, especially if the bones have been exposed to extreme heat and/or fire. An investigation published in 1999 looked into perimortem specific characteristics of burned bones. These were analysed using radiographic, macroscopic and microscopic techniques. (Herrmann, Bennett, 1999). The results showed that perimortem trauma can still be determined, however the bone/ fracture patterns must be meticulously examined to ensure that the correct conclusion is drawn from the bone damage
Hemothorax. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047916-overview#aw2aab6b2b4 Norvell, J. G. (2013, June 11). Tibia and Fibula Fracture Clinical Presentation. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826304-clinical Queensland Government.
A concussion is caused by a bump or blow to the head or by a jolt to the body that causes the head to move more rapidly back and forth (Kohn, 2010). Concussions are common in football since the sport requires athletes to collide violently into each other at high speeds. Unlike other sports, where concussions occur do to accidental contact in most cases.
Transition: Noticing symptoms is a sure way to diagnose a concussion, whether they are immediate or develop at a later time.
Kyphoplasty- procedure where a balloon is inserted into the vertebrae and covered by cement, it elevates the fracture.
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