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Short note on nanotechnology
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INTRODUCTION.
Nanotechnology is the study manipulating the properties of various materials. In the nano regime (1-100 nm) the particles behaves entirely different from there bulk state, showing some novel properties. Materials having multiple functionalities are one of the top fields of interests. Textiles showing the anti-microbial properties can be tailored via nanotechnology. Graphene oxide is a single layered material which is an oxidized form of graphene, recently GO has gained attention due to various properties shown by the material including its anti-microbial effects.
Silver nanoparticles has been shown huge variations in its property from the macro scale, it’s one of the most studied nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles has been
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Take sodium borohydrate in beaker to which silver nitrate solution were added drop wise under constant stirring, the color of the solution varies from colorless to pale yellow and then to golden yellow indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles.
Synthesis of ZnO Nps The combustion method were used for the synthesis of ZnO Nps, in which the precursors Zinc Nitrate , Urea , Glycin of 2g, 1g and 0.5g respectively were taken in a beaker, add distilled water to the above mixture until the solution becomes clear. The beaker is then placed in a hot plate and allowed the combustion to take place, the product after the combustion was then calcinate at 6000 C for 6 hours in a muffle furnace.
Decoration of the cotton fabric
(a) 0.2g of Graphene Oxide is taken and made up to 10mL by adding distilled water to the beaker cotton fabric of 5cm2 is dipped along with the solution and subjected to probe sonication for 10min.
(b) 0.1g of GO and 0.1 g of ZnO were taken in a beaker to it 10mL of distilled water was added and to the solution the cotton fabric was dipped and subjected to
Amandi Hiyare: Before forming my research question, I had a discussion with my research project coordinator “Lisa Pope” who told me that the Flinders nanotechnology research team has been developing microbial catheters. Then on Monday I had an interview with Professor Joe Shapter who told me that your team was leading this project. So I was wondering whether you would be able to provide me with some detailed information about this innovation?
The reason why using silver nitrate is discouraged is because silver has a strong attraction to bromine, resulting in a harshly formed complex. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, this complex shifts the chemical equilibrium due to the formation of a salt precipitate. In order to improve this experiment, a different nucleophile, such as copper sulfate, could have been used in order to prevent the silver and bromine complex from forming. Instead of silver, lead is also a good alternative to act as a catalyst. Another improvement for this experiment, is to leave the solutions in reaction conditions for a longer period of time to form a precipitate. Another procedure that could have been used to improve this experiment is to use a different leaving group, rather than bromine or chlorine. Tosylate is an excellent alternative leaving
Colloidal silver is particles of silver broken down or mixed into liquid. In the early 20th, ,century colloidal silver or as it is more popularly known “silver water” was marketed as a cure for tumors; now in alternative medicine it is referenced as a cure all with healing properties.
== == == == == silver nitrate + sodium chloride =
Two important characteristics that silver has are its abundance and its isotopes. Silver has 75 parts per billion by weight and 20 parts per billion by moles on the earth's crust abundance. It also has 1 part per billion by its weight and 10 parts by trillions of moles on the solar system abundance. Silver has two kinds of silver, there is pure silver and bulk silver. Pure silver costs about 120 dollars per 100g and Bulk silver coasts about 57.5 dollars per 100g. Silver has 35 isotopes which half-lives are known, with a mass number of 94 to 128. Usually silver is a mixture of two stable isotopes, 107Ag and
They have a larger surface area in proportion to their volume. This enables them to interact with different types of biological systems and provides a wide variety of possibilities (Nuruzatulifah, Nizam, & Ain, 2015). The nanoparticles can be seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When there is one nanoparticle, it is called a primary particle. When there is more than one, it is called a secondary particle. In order to measure these particles, they need to be suspended in a solution (Pruneanu, Coros & Pogacean, 2015). Dyed nanoparticles or internally fluorescent nanoparticles barely interact with cellular proteins which is what the study requires. They are also quite easy to manipulate. They can be easily internalized into cells and can be programmed to go to specific sites (Wolbeis,
Nanotechnology is defined as the science of design, synthesis and characterization of matter at the nanoscale, which mesures one billionth of the meter [1,2] On that scale, structures exhibit novel chemical, physical and biological properties and processes, which enables the creation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), with various characteristics and potential applications. [3] It’s not just that though. Nanotechnology shows the ability to eliminate the gaps among medicine, material engineering and science, computer technology and public policy, creating new clinical and medical approaches to better diagnose, treat and prevent any kind of illness. In fact, it is already moving from simple passive structures
By using strong oxidizing agent, oxygenated functionalities are introduced in the graphite structure which not only expand the layer separation, but also makes the material hydrophilic. Hydrophilic mean that they can be dispersed in water. This properties has enable graphite oxide to be exfoliated in water by using sonification, ultimately producing single and few layer of graphene that has been known as graphene oxide. The properties of graphene oxide is its easy dispersability in water and other organic solvents, as well as in the different matrixes due to the presence of the oxygen functionality (Jesus de La Fuente., 2011).
The procedure for this experiment can be found in Inorganic Chemistry Lab Manual prepared by Dr. Virgil Payne.
A mixture of 0.25 g crude dye, 5.0 ml of 15% Na2SO4 and 5 drops of concentrated H2SO4 was added into a beaker containing 150 ml of water and a magnetic stir bar. The solution was then boiled using a hot plate and the fabric was added to the dye bath. The fabric was allowed to stir for 5 minutes. Then it was removed and rinsed with water.
Reduced graphene oxide functionalized structure controlled nickel sulfide (NiS, NiS2, Ni3S4) nanoparticles were synthesized using a temperature-controlled injection method. In single-solvent experiments oleylamine was used as solvent, in the case of multi-solvent oleylamine, oleic acid and octadecine were mixed together. The respective nickel sulfide phases were synthesized on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets through the single-step temperature controlled injection processes. The complications in the synthesis of rGO/nickel sulfide phases were overcome by adjusting the solvent and source concentrations. The x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the phase control of nickel sulfide on rGO supports.
24. Ujjal Kumar Sur, “Graphene: A Rising Star on the Horizon of Materials Science,” International Journal of Electrochemistry, vol. 2012, Article ID 237689, 12 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/237689
The melting point of silver is 961.78 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point is 2162 degrees Celsius. It is proved that silver has the lowest contact resistance of any metals. Similar to copper, silver can reacts with sulfur and its compounds. When silver exposures to air, it will tarnish slowly "as sulfur compounds react with the surface, forming black,silver sulfide" ("Silver - Element information, properties and uses"). In order to remain its brightness, it needs periodic polishing to remove silver sulfide.
These also find its application in electroplating. Articles are electroplated with the complexes of gold and silver [Ag(CN)2]–and [Au(CN)2].
I have chosen nanotechnology as my topic area of choice from the food innovation module.