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Civil rights guarantees rights to U.S. citizens and residents by the constitution and legislation. Freedom of speech and freedom from certain types of discrimination are some civil rights protected by the constitution. The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the U.S. constitution. Specific rights for U.S. citizens are reserved, and rights that are guaranteed by the constitution cannot be removed or abridged by another state. In 1857 the Dred Scott v. Sandford case declared that slaves could not sue in court because they were not citizens. In 1865 the thirteenth amendment was enacted to stop slavery, to enforce this amendment congress was given power to enact laws that were necessary. The fourteenth amendment ratified in 1868 states that every person born or naturalized in the United States is a citizen, and ensure the state does not deprive a citizen of his/her rights. The first civil rights law guaranteed equal rights for all people who lived in the United States. The second law guaranteed each citizen equal right to sell, rent, purchase, or inherit real or personal property. The third original law provided citizens with the right to bring civil action for a violation of protected rights. The fourth made violations of these rights a criminal offense. The civil rights act of 1964 is the most comprehensive civil rights legislation in U.S. history. Title VII of the act prohibits employment discrimination based on the employee's color, sex, religion, race, or national origin. Despite the decision of the Plessy v. Ferguson case many people still pressed for the Jim Crow laws to be ended. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People which was founded in 1909 was one of the organizations pressing to end the ... ... middle of paper ... ...y also had a ten point plan to accomplish their desired goals. The Little Rock Nine were nine African American Students who courageously enrolled in Central High school which was in Little Rock, Arkansas. The day before classes began the Arkansas governor Orval Faubus summoned the Arkansas National Guard to surround the school and block any black student or person out of school. September 20 National Guard withdrew because the lawyers Thurgood Marshall and Wiley Branton impeded the governor’s use of the National Guard. On September 23, police escort the students inside the school threw the side door. Over 1000 people were in the front of the school protesting they became very angry and violent when they heard the students were inside the school. On the 25th the little rock nine under protection were escorted threw the front entrance surrounded by aggressive mobs.

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