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British imperialism vs France
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Indentured servants in the colonial era
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To my darling Bethany, First I want you to know that I am well and in good health and have been keeping myself in good spirits as best I can. A lot of the work I have been doing for the West India Trading Company is quite an adventure, with travel and the trade competition, there is never a dull moment to say the least. After your passing, I joined the West India Trading Company in 1623, roughly two months after your death. I remembered that you had wanted to travel to the new world to build a life their. I also recall you saying that money would be no object because of what the recruiter had said “we can just pick up the gold off the ground”. I’ll be the first to say my love that what he had said isn’t true at all, yes there is a fortune …show more content…
By late 1625, about six months after I was removed from the ship, I began to notice some of the fur traders and trappers had looked paranoid. They were constantly looking around with one hand on a knife, ready to kill in a moments notice. For the first three days I didn’t press the issue, but I was becoming increasingly curious of why they were paranoid, and regrettably I would soon find out. It was a Thursday afternoon and I had left William, a young cabin boy who was an indentured servant to the company and assigned to me, in charge while I went fishing about ten or so miles up the Hudson river. For the first hour I had caught a few fish peacefully, then about two or so hours I felt as if I was being watched. I immediately had an uneasy feeling, but couldn’t explain why; sometime later that same hour I began to smell smoke or what I thought was smoke and heard what sounded like the cries of wolves or coyotes. Terrified I fled back to the Fort and didn’t stop, by the time I reached the fort I had driven my horse into his grave. Once inside that uneasy feeling didn’t go away; it was apparent that I was spooked and was questioned by the trackers what was wrong. I explained to them that I had gone fishing and up the Hudson by myself and that I had become paranoid thinking I was being watched. I was; One tracker said that it could have been one of two tribes the Iroquois or the Huron. I …show more content…
This helped ease a few issues with the native people but that didn’t relieve the tension completely. The West India Company has been pressing us for more pelts to be able to compete with the french. The Iroquois have offered to help us with getting beaver pelts if we helped them fight the Huron. It would seem that they are at odds like the British and the French. What has me concerned is that not only have we agreed to assist them in fighting the Huron, they requested guns for them to use to fight against the Huron. I must admit that I’m not entirely comfortable with the idea and not on the premise of their skin, but on the premise that not all of them like us. What’s to stop them if they decide to turn against us and trying to murder us in our sleep? I know that is a very Paranoid thought but a very rational idea. Until that happens they have agreed to help us with trapping beavers and in return we will help them fight the Huron. I am curious about the other colonies and how our presence will affect them? I know that many are set up with agriculture in mind and trying to sell tobacco and other goods. Part of me is scared of what this colony hold for me, because I have been here about three years and there is still so much to learn and there are days that wish I could have one more day with
Wooster R. (1998). The Military and United States Indian policy 1865-1903 (pp. 43, 47). West
Fishing and hunting have been at the core of many American Indian cultures like the Nisqually since precontact. Indian hunting, fishing and gathering were conducted then—as they are now—not for sport, but for food and for a livelihood. This was well understood by the early colonists and later by the U.S. government. Thus, many of the treaties (e.g., Medicine Creek, 1854) negotiated between the federal government and Indian tribes in the nineteenth century contained provisions guaranteeing rights to hunt and fish. In the trea¬ty negotiated by Isaac Stevens, the tribe ceded to the U.S. some of the Nisqually vil¬lages and prairies, but Article Three reserved the tribe’s right to fish “at all usual and accustomed grounds and stations…in common with all citizens of the Territory.” (FL 12) But the growth of the European American population, and with it the proliferation of fenced lands, the destruction of natural habitat, and often the destruction of wildlife itself, drastically curtailed the Indians' ability to carry on these activities. Charles Wilkinson’s thesis declares that the “messages from Frank’s Landing” are “messages about ourselves, about the natural world, about societies past, about this society, and about societies to come.” (FL 6)
The only concern they had was money. Their main purposes were financial purposes. John Smith once said, “He that will not work, shall not eat.” In other words, if you don’t work for me, you will not be rewarded. It did make sense in way, however he was very harsh with the people that worked for him in his colony.
For several hundred years people have sought answers to the Indian problems, who are the Indians, and what rights do they have? These questions may seem simple, but the answers themselves present a difficult number of further questions and answers. State and Federal governments have tried to provide some order with a number of laws and policies, sometimes resulting in state and federal conflicts. The Federal Government's attempt to deal with Indian tribes can be easily understood by following the history of Federal Indian Policy. Indians all over the United States fought policies which threatened to destroy their familial bonds and traditions. The Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe of Maine, resisted no less than these other tribes, however, thereby also suffering a hostile anti-Indian environment from the Federal Government and their own State, Maine. But because the Passamaquoddy Tribe was located in such a remote area, they escaped many federal Indian policies.
Some more specific examples of how their lives were transformed include the Native’s new dependence to the Europeans for items such as rifles, kettles, tobacco, and many other goods, the European’s desire to convert the Natives, and the way that Native American warfare was transformed forever. Due to the European’s strong desire to obtain animal pelts and other goods, they were more than willing to trade rifles and commonplace kettles to the Natives in return for their help in acquiring these pelts. These goods that the Natives received transformed their life, but not entirely for the better. Prior to this engagement, they were an autonomous society that lived from the land. With the introduction of European goods, there was more and more dependency on these goods which, in the end, led to events such as King Philip’s War and the deterioration of the Native American way of life. An example of this dependency can be seen from Chomina during their time as Iroquois prisoners. He tells Laforgue, “It is you Normans, not the Iroquois, who have destroyed me, you with your greed, you who do not share what you have, who offer presents of muskets and cloth and knives to make us greedy as you are. And I have become as you, greedy for things. And that is why I am here and why we will die together” (BR, 165). These gifts of guns as well as the English and French seeking
The “Utmost Good Faith” clause from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 however, stated, “The utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians; their land and property shall not be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed.” (Document 9). However, a letter from three Seneca Indian leaders to George Washington, President of the United States, argued, “When your army entered the country of Six (Iroquois) Nations, we called you the town destroyer; to this day, when your name is heard, our women look behind them and turn pale, and our children cling to the necks of their mothers…” (Document 10). This, in fact, proves the American Revolution was not revolutionary because the Indians were promised the “Utmost Good Faith” and that their land and property would never be invaded or disturbed, but their towns were left completely devastated and halted society from changing into a better
“Withholding gifts and sending in troop sent a clear message, reinforced by the language of British officers: Britain intended to reduce the Indians to submission and take over their land (Calloway 67).” In other words, British doesn’t want to join with the Native Americans but instead occur land. From what you see the British has no intension on joining forces. The Indian will defend their land and protect their people.
Despite the fact that these agreements were a clear violation of existing British law, they were used later to justify the American takeover of the region. The Shawnee also claimed these lands but, of course, were never consulted. With the Iroquois selling the Shawnee lands north of the Ohio, and the Cherokee selling the Shawnee lands south, where could they go? Not surprisingly, the Shawnee stayed and fought the Americans for 40 years. Both the Cherokee and Iroquois were fully aware of the problem they were creating. After he had signed, a Cherokee chief reputedly took Daniel Boone aside to say, "We have sold you much fine land, but I am afraid you will have trouble if you try to live there."
The U.S. Government sponsored solution to the “Indian Problem” started in the early nineteenth century among the southern s...
Even the most powerful of the Native American tribes knew that an adaptation needed to be made in order to attempt to fight the Europeans. Be mindful that this was still 100 years before the United States was even formed. However, the Iroquois tried to prolong their
As the West of the Appalachian Mountains became known as the “Indian Land” proclaimed by the King of England in 1763, as properly known as the Proclamation Line of 1763, the U. S. government believed it to be part of their land after their gain of independence from Britain. The reason for this happening was due to the fact that the Indians lost to the French in the French and Indian war which was also known as the brutal Seven Years’ War from 1754-1763. As a result, The U.S. took advantage of the situation and insisted on acquiring the land of the Indians in the West through three different policies (Chris ...
Beginning in the 1860s and lasting until the late 1780s, government policy towards Native Americans was aggressive and expressed zero tolerance for their presence in the West. In the last 1850s, tribal leaders and Americans were briefly able to compromise on living situations and land arrangements. Noncompliance by Americans, however, resumed conflict. The beginning of what would be called the "Indian Wars" started in Minnesota in 1862. Sioux, angered by the loss of much of their land, killed 5 white Americans. What resulted was over 1,000 deaths, of white and Native Americans. From that point on, American policy was to force Indians off of their land. American troops would force Indian tribe leaders to accept treaties taking their land from them. Protests or resistance by the Indians would result in fighting. On occasion, military troops would even lash out against peaceful Indians. Their aggression became out of control.
One of the critical tasks that faced the new nation of the United States was establishing a healthy relationship with the Native Americans (Indians). “The most serious obstacle to peaceful relations between the United States and the Indians was the steady encroachment of white settlers on the Indian lands. The Continental Congress, following [George] Washington’s suggestion, issued a proclamation prohibiting unauthorized settlement or purchase of Indian land.” (Prucha, 3) Many of the Indian tribes had entered into treaties with the French and British and still posed a military threat to the new nation.
When America was first founded the colonists believed that they could do one of two things. They could either ask for entire families and groups of people to come over from England to start family farms and businesses to help the colony prosper. The other option was to take advantage of the lower class people and promise them land and freedom for a couple of years of servitude (Charles Johnson et al, Africans in America 34). Obviously the second option was used and this was the start of indentured servitude in colonial America. The indentured servants that came from England were given plenty of accommodations in exchange for their servitude. They were also promised that after their time of service was complete that they would receive crops, land, and clothing to start their new found lives in America. Men, children, and even most criminals, rushed to the ports hoping to be able to find work in America and soon start their new life. However, a large quantity of them either died on the voyage over, died from diseases, or died from the intensity of their work, before their servitude was complete (Johnson et al, Africans, 34). America finally began to show signs of prosperity due to the crop, tobacco. The only problem now was that the majorit...
I looked up at the black sky. I hadn't intended to be out this late. The sun had set, and the empty road ahead had no streetlights. I knew I was in for a dark journey home. I had decided that by traveling through the forest would be the quickest way home. Minutes passed, yet it seemed like hours and days. The farther I traveled into the forest, the darker it seemed to get. I was very had to even take a breath due to the stifling air. The only sound familiar to me was the quickening beat of my own heart, which felt as though it was about to come through my chest. I began to whistled to take my mind off the eerie noises I was hearing. In this kind of darkness I was in, it was hard for me to believe that I could be seeing these long finger shaped shadows that stretched out to me. I had this gut feeling as though something was following me, but I assured myself that I was the only one in the forest. At least I had hoped that I was.