Mutations That Occur In Gametes

The first force of evolution is referred to as mutation and remains the only source of new genetic material or alleles. Mutation occurs during DNA replication, instead of the identical replication, an error occurs during the process. Basically, something is tweaked during replication that changes the bases of a gene. If the problem is not detected and corrected,a mutation results. As the book articulates, so much of DNA is non-coding that many mutations will not affect an individual's health or well-being, but a mutation in coding DNA will cause a different outcome, whether it be positive or negative. Mutations that occur in gametes are the ones that will change future generations. There are different types of mutations that are caused by numerous

Eventually, almost all the members of the species will posses the desired characteristics and this is how species evolve. For example, if a there was a species of frog with two distinct coloring patterns, light and dark let's say, if the darker coloring allowed better camouflage from predators, eventually the lighter frogs would be killed by predators and only the darker frogs would live to reproduce. There are several patterns of selection, one of them being directional selection. Directional selection favors one extreme form of a trait over another; the example mentioned in the book is human brain size. Human evolution has clearly favored larger brains. The next pattern is stabilizing selection, or favoring the average version of a trait. Again with human evolution, human babies that are an average weight have a better chance of surviving and reproducing then the lightest and heaviest ones. Disruptive selection refers to a discontinuous variation pattern or reproduction occurs mostly at the extremes of a