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Political history of Egypt
Political history of Egypt
Political history of Egypt
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Muhammad Ali is considered the “ founder of modern Egypt”; however, in Egypt he is known today to be the “father of the nation”. Ali was a special key to the development of Egypt because with his regime, he marked the era of development. Like many other rulers from the Middle East, Ali had a military background. His work shaped the future and some of his actions are the reflection of more than a hundred years. Some people even think that he laid the foundation for Egypt to have its own identity. Ali’s main goal was to turn Egypt into a modern country. In this essay we are going to state Muhammad Ali’s actions in order to see what role he played in the development of Egypt.
Military Reform: Mohammed Ali realized that their army wasn’t strong enough; therefore he made sure to strength the military Europeanizing their army. When that was achieved he send military missions to Europe to ensure benefits on Egypt on the years to come. I believe he wanted to
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At one point the cotton industry was a huge success that 33% of their revenue coming to Egypt was from cotton, with this Mohammed could afford to fund the expansion of the army. This leader also introduced the monopoly system, where he owned Egypt’s land. He then distributed the land among the farmers and the farmers would have to pay a small percentage of their crops and then Ali would sell those crops internationally at higher prices. Because agriculture was so important in Egypt at that time, Ali wanted to ensure the success of the crops and the industry by creating irrigation projects like the creation of canals to ensure water at all times. Some of the canals are still working today like Mahmudiya Canal and the Delta Barrage. Because of all these implementations made by Mohammed Ali, Egypt’s revenue increased more than
First of all, imperialism was not something the Egyptians wanted. They witnessed the decline of the Ottoman Empire, and that acted as a wakeup call. They can either keep up with the modernization of the world around them, or be overwhelmed and lost among it (Modern World History, 354). They decided to make new reforms as an attempt towards modernization. One of these attempts was the Suez Canal. It was a waterway that connected the Nile River, Mediterranean Sea, and the Red Sea. The labor costed over 100 million dollars, and it opened in 1869 (Rosenberg). The Suez Canal, along with other reforms, put Egypt in a rough economic state. The British wanted control over the canal because it was the main route to India and its other colonies. Because of the huge debt, Egypt was forced to hand the canal over to Britain. Later, in 1882, Britain gained control to Egypt itself (Modern World History, 355). Thus, Egypt was under new rule and became one of Britain’s many colonies. To sum up, Egypt created many reforms ...
Any study on Modern Egyptian history naturally begins with Nasser, Egypt’s first President after the Free Officers revolution in 1952. Nasser was the foremost proponent of pan-Arabism, an ideology that called for close ties between the Arab states, presumably under the leadership of Egypt, one of the most powerful states in the Middle East at the time. Compared to other states in the Arab World, Nasser’s Egypt was stable, militarily powerful, and independent of foreign influence. From this position of re...
In 1805 a leader appointed by the indirect colonizers Muhammad Ali Pasha was given the position of Khedive representative of the ottom suttan, as ruler Muhammad desired to bring his country into the industrial age as Europe was. He was called the “Father of Modern Egypt” He brought in military experts from France to strengthen his military to European standards. He got investors to support the building of factories for textiles, such as cotton and silk productions. He drafted workers to factories for sugar, indigo dye, glass and iron. Not only did he value industrialization but also his people’s education was of great importance, he hired European scholars to teach at medical and engineering schools. He also set up a student exchange program for young Egyptians to study in European to study in European schools. Muhammad’s leadership fallowed more in the footsteps of British politics even though he reported to an Ottoman Empire leader. His focus on his country made him a strong and efficient leader, achieving so much for his country just in his lifetime. Muhammad Ali Pasha shed light on positive attribute that colonization brought to Egypt.
Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. also known as Muhammad Ali is a famous and a very talented boxer. He was born on January 17, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky. Cassius, named after his father, grew up in a good home. He had both parents and was the older of two brothers. His father painted billboard and signs for a living while his mother was a stay at home mom.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any nation in the world. Written history of Egypt dates back to about 5,000 years, the commencement of civilization. While there is divergence in relation to Early Egyptian times, it is said that Egypt came to be around 3200 B.C., during the reign of a king by the name of Menes and unified the northern and southern cities of Egypt into one government. In 1675 B.C., Egypt was invaded by the Hyksos, people from the east, bringing along the very first of chariots and horses ever to come across Egyptian soil. Approximately 175 years later in 1500 B.C., the Egyptians had gotten rid of the Hyksos and driven them out. In 1375 B.C., Amenhotep IV had become the king of Egypt. During his reign he eliminated the worship of Egyptian gods and initiated the idea of only worshipping one god. But after his death, his ideas were retired and old ways were reestablished. Egyptian supremacy then started to decline around 1000 B.C. Between 1000 B.C. and 332 B.C., Egypt was ruled by many such as the Libyans, Assyrians, Ethiopians, and Persians. In 640, Muslims conquered Egypt and founded the city of Cairo in 969 and deemed it as the capital of Egypt. For many centuries Egypt was ruled by Muslim caliphs. A prominent ruler of this period was Saladin, who battled the Christian Crusaders at the conclusion of the twelfth century. In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt but was then forced to withdraw in 1801 Turkish and British armed forces. In 1805 Mohamed Ali began ruling Egypt till 1848 and great changed the country in terms of modernization and its military. During Mohamed’s conquest, he borrowed a lot of money from the French and British, which later resulted in Egypt’s coloniza...
One of the ways that the Nile shaped Egypt was through economy. According to document A, the Nile’s location was perfect for trade and interaction with other nearby ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia and the Indus
Ali sought to achieve a degree of autonomy from the Ottoman Empire and expand the rule of Egypt, both of which required military reform. In order to finance his efforts, he had to expand the Egyptian economy. Egyptian exports thrived on the back of cotton, which Ali attempted to consolidate into a government monopoly. Egypt’s focus on cotton production made it an export-heavy territory that was dependent upon European manufacturing imports from the West. In order to facilitate its exports, a robust transportation system was necessary.
Through military expansion, Egypt grew over centuries and became an empire controlling most of the ancient Middle East. Its territory extended nor...
Muhammad Ali “Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee” was known to be the life motto for Muhammad Ali. Muhammad Ali was not only known for being a professional American boxer, but also an athlete, a social activist, and a philanthropist. In his lifetime, he was named the World’s Heavyweight Champion three times. Ali was debatably the greatest boxer who ever lived. Being the only black boxer at the time made him have a tough life.
The country I decided to research is Egypt. Egypt is located in northern Africa along the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The majority of the country however is located in northeastern Africa, but its Sinai Peninsula extends out into Southwest Asia, connecting the two continents. European nations wanted to colonize Egypt because it was considered to be a treasure, due to its fertile land and production of crops, such as: wheat, fruits, vegetables, corn, and cotton. Also because of its strategic location at the head of the Red Sea, that appeared valuable to countries such as Britain and France. Another reason was because they wanted to control Egypt in order to secure the main route to India, Malaya, Australia, New Zealand and to Hong Kong.This route was known as the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was viewed as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it allowed quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa. It also connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, built mainly with French money from private interest groups using Egyptian labor. Egypt was also targeted due to its weak economy and government, making it an easy target to imperialize. Egypt was colonized three times each by different civilizations. It was colonized by the Ottomans in 1517, by the French in 1799, and by the British in 1882. A key person involved in Egypts colonization was Muhammad Ali. After taking power in 1805, he strengthened the army and focused on cultivating the land. He also increased trade with Europe and sent officials to Britain to be educated.
All these led to transformation to Egypt. And like Japan, Egypt adopted the western culture (Western Influence On Egypt). Also, the leader of Egypt Mohammed Ali, also known as, the father of Egypt was also how Egypt became modern because he took power after the French left and tried to modernize his army and
Egypt has seen its fair share of foreign influence “from Ottoman in the sixteenth century up to French and British in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.”1. Time and again Egypt’s society has been subjected to foreign empires. Egypt was subjected to British occupation from the 19th century into the 20th century. In the early part of the 20th century, Egypt was able to gain its independence from Britain, but not after years of rebellion and protest from the Egyptians.
Due to the large amounts of wealth flowing through Egypt it enabled Hatshepsut to begin restoring Egypt to its original state, this raised the calibre of Egypt’s architecture to a standard.
Cassius Clay Jr. or known to many people as ‘Muhammad Ali’ was born in Louisville, KY on January 17th , 1942 He was the first Heavyweight Boxer to win the Heavyweight title three times, his professional career lasted about twenty one years, in that time he won a total of fifty six fights. Most people do not know Cassius changed his name to ‘Muhammad Ali’ because of his religion, History.com staff.(2-4) Muhammad Ali’s early career before becoming a professional boxer, how he worked his way to become the Heavyweight Champion of the World, him converting his religion to Islam and his life after boxing.
Metz, H. C. (1990). Egypt: A Country Study. (Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, Ed.) Retrieved from Country Studies: http://countrystudies.us/egypt/15.htm