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Muckrakers journalism in the progressive era
Muckrakers journalism in the progressive era
Muckrakers journalism in the progressive era
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Imagine inhaling CO2 every day for 20 years. Well that’s what Steve Day a coal Miner did his whole life. Steve Day worked in the mines for over 33 years, this is where he recuperated between shifts underground, mining rich streams of the Central Appalachian cornfields and doing his part to help the Peabody Energy Corp, which is the nation's most productive mine company. Now all Steve Day does is just inhaling oxygen from a tank, slowly suffocating to death. Muckraking is still an effective means of creating change as evidenced by Chris Hamby work titled, “Labor Department unveils changes to aid miners in black lung benefits cases” Let’s learn a little about Chris Hamby. Chris Hamby lives in Nashville,TN, and he is also a journalist. Chris
Muckrakers were early twentieth-century reformers whose 1 mission was to look for and uncover political and business corruption. The term muckraker, which referred to the "man with a muckrake" in John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, was first used in a pejorative sense by Theodore Roosevelt, whose opinion of the muckrakers was that they were biased and overreacting. The movement began about 1902 and died down by 1917. Despite its brief duration, however, it had a significant impact on the political, commercial, and even literary climate of the period.
Some, like Roosevelt viewed methods of muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell, Ray S. Baker, Lincoln Steffens, and Upton Sinclair as these types of people. Others saw these muckraking methods as perfectly acceptable for fighting against the industrial powerhouses. Either way, these muckrakers worked hard to arouse sentiment in the hearts of the public (Reiger 1).
Whistle blowing is a controversial topic in the professional industry. Whistle blowing is the act of speaking out against a fellow colleague or even a friend that has done something non-ethical or illegal in the workplace. A whistleblower raises concerns about the wrongdoing inside of the workplace. Employees hesitate to become a whistleblower because of the idea of becoming a snitch on fellow employees and having a bad rep around the office. This concern was lowered in 1989 with a law called the Whistleblower Protection Act that protects federal government employees in the United States from retaliatory action for voluntarily disclosing information about dishonest or illegal activities occurring at a government organization (whistleblowers.gov).
The term Whistleblower means “An employee who discloses information that s/he reasonably believes is evidence of illegality, gross waste or fraud, mismanagement, abuse of power, general wrongdoing, or a substantial and specific danger to public health and safety. When information is classified or otherwise restricted by Congress or Executive Order, disclosures only are protected as whistleblowing if made through designated, secure channels. (What is a Whistleblower?)” The idea behind whistleblowers is that they believe trying to inform the public of illegal acts within their businesses has the potential to protect the public from wrongdoing. The following studies analyze scholar’s findings on different factors related to whistle blowing as
...te the flawed example of muckraking by The Jungle, the main reason for the use of muckraking was and still is an effective way of revealing the corruption of politics and businesses. Although The Jungle may not have served Sinclair purposes for social reform, it brought reform to the way food is handled. Without the enlightening view of the meat-packing business, even if false, the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act may never have been created. We still see examples of muckraking today from Morgan Spurlock's Super Size Me to magazines like People, Time, Cosmopolitan, and National Geographic. Muckraking is one of the few ways that the average person can find out about information quickly and easily. In certain cases, it even connects the nations together in order to fight a common enemy, whether it is political, social, natural, or supernatural.
Despite many people working for companies that cared so little for their employees, upper class citizens had no idea what was going on behind closed doors. It took muckrakers, investigative journalists who exposed the horrors of factory jobs, for the wealthy to see what poor, immigrant workers had to do for a living. Even the president at the time, Theodore Roosevelt, was not fully aware of what conditions these workers were subjected to. He sent two trusted men to investigate a certain meat-packing facility, and The Neill-Reynolds Report was the result. In this report, it was revealed to Roosevelt, along with the nation, that the men “saw meat shoveled from filthy wooden floors… in most cases damp and soggy…” and that the workers arrived every day to their jobs only to face “the expectoration of tuberculosis and other diseased workers,” (Doc B). Not only did people in the meat-packing industry have to work in dangerous conditions, but their health was at serious risk as well, from both fellow employees and the raw meat that was handled daily. Fortunately, once word of this reached President Roosevelt, he passed the Federal
With an increase in industrialization people migrate to the cities for the jobs available. The bosses of these companies were free to do whatever they desired since the government had a laissez-faire policy. This brought many problems since the bosses were corrupt, greedy and cared very little for the well being of their employees. Middle class Protestants who wanted to address and fix the corruption going on in society started to show up in the late nineteenth century, they became known as Progressives.
Muckraking was another way people got their point across, they would find out all the information that they could on a person and they would basically, just drag their good name thought the mud, telling the people about, the things that they might not know, the corrupt things and bad deals and kickbacks...
“Faced with what is right, to leave it undone shows a lack of courage” (Confucius Quotes, 2012). The person who does her duty, at great risk to her own interest, when most others would defy from fear is considered a hero (Schafer, 2004). Dr. Nancy Olivieri is a hero who blew the whistle on Apotex, University of Toronto (U of T) and the Hospital for Sick Children (HSC); and fought for her academic rights till the end. Whistle-blowing refers to actions of an employee that breach her loyalty to the organization but serves the public interest. When other constraints proved to be ineffective, whistle-blowing acts as a check on authority of the organization. Whistle-blowers expose severe forms of corruption, waste, and abuse of power within their organization and put the organization in a position where it is answerable to the public, thus enhancing its accountability (Cooper, 2006, pg. 198-205).
Muckraking. The public was becoming more and more informed throughout the Progressive Era. Muckraking, the predecessor to investigative journalism, would play a major role in exposing social problems. Muckrakers had a huge impact on the changing societal landscape and investigated anything that they felt was corrupt and needed reform, such as unsanitary conditions and housing. Two Famous muckrakers, Upton Sinclair and Jacob Riis, wrote books that would expose two of the biggest scandals of the Progressive Era.
The Second Industrial Revolution brought about many changes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While there was much prosperity, it was unequally distributed among the lower, middle, and upper classes. Although the inequality was apparent, the national government deliberately chose to take a laissez-faire stand, thus allowing big businesses to flourish but at the expense of the people. Free to do as they pleased, businesses engaged in unfair, immoral business practices not only on their competitors but also their employees and consumers. To combat this oppressive state, Americans, concerned with the welfare of the people, spoke out about these problems and encouraged reform, raising awareness through their writing. These people were known as "muckrakers," a term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt. They "raked" through the "muck" in order to expose society and corruption. Some even called these muckrakers, David, in reference to the Biblical story of David and Goliath, striking down the Goliaths (or corruptions) of society. Because society (then) revered muckrakers as great heroes, it was easy to ignore the muckraker's flaws. However, it is important to analyze the muckrakers from a more critical standpoint as well as a celebratory view in order to get a more accurate understanding of their consequential impact.
One group in particular, labeled the “muckrakers”, which consisted of writers and journalists, reported the offensive actions of businesses and government and the terrible health and living conditions of the worker. Many wrote what was considered fictional novels that were based on the actual atrocities that were occurring in the nation at this time. Writers like Frank Norris wrote about the intimidation of the railroad companies against the farmers. Another writer, John Spargo, visited coal mines in Pennsylvania and West Virginia to work and verify the working conditions in the mines for young boys. They worked 10 hours a day picking refuse from the coal and choking on the dust. Still others documented the hazardous dyes and materials that could eat away a workers fingernail. Photographers also played a part in bringing national exposure to this problem by capt...
One of the most compelling and difficult environmental problems society is facing today is climate change. People do not realize how much the environment has changed for the worse in the last ten years, until they are told that the last two decades of the 20th century have been the hottest in the last 400 years, according to climate studies (Conserve Energy Future). Today the carbon dioxide levels have reached 396.81 parts per million (ppm). “Carbon dioxide (CO2) has also increased over the last 100 years-- from about 300 ppm to 370 ppm. Interestingly, the majority of these additions have occurred in the last 50 years, when temperature increases have been slowest” (geocraft). There are no known solutions yet to reverse these effects in the environment, however there are many things people can do to prevent it from increasing. By implementing a carbon tax the government can tax corporations on how much carbon they emit into the atmosphere. With the extra money from the tax, scientist can invest in alternative ways to reduce how much carbon is emitted. Reducing climate change is going to take years and so nothing is going to get fixed anytime soon, but meanwhile we can use that extra money to begin cleaning up the atmosphere. There are many ways to explain climate change, some say its due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, others say it is the burning of the fossils fuels, some even say it’s the greenhouse gases. All of these sayings mean the exact same thing, no matter how one says it. I believe there are more convenient ways to solve climate change; and if the government would to implement a carbon tax on companies they will then be forced to re-evaluate all the carbon they emit to the environment and red...
The act of whistle-blowing is an ethical issue that all employees have the right to. Whether they decide to make the corrupt information known publicly or anonymously, the information they provide can protect everyone involved. The ethical and moral sides of whistle-blowing can go both ways. In order to protect the customers, patients, or consumers of the harmful products the companies are offering, employees that have morals and feel the need to make the truth be known have an ethical responsibility to do so. Issues of being a whistle-blower are more controversial than the responsibilities of the employees doing so. When a whistle-blower takes action, they expose information from their company that it not meant to be public. They basically turn their backs away from their company and colleagues by revealing the truth. When surveying these issues, an employee who is torn by exposing information or keeping silent must decide whether it is more ethical to stay loyal to their organization or to the organization's
It could be true that a company is harming a company. Duska argued that organizations cannot rely on loyalty. People do not have obligations of loyalty to companies. Prima facie states that everything is based on the first impression until proven different. (1) Therefore, the loyalty companies are not always viewed as objects of loyalty. Whistleblowing doesn’t need moral justification. Duska compares the idea of loyalty to a company setting barriers and negative attitudes toward the whistleblower. Whistle blowing can cause conflicts with obligations to the employer, and not to reveal confidential information. I think his argument supports the people that whistle blow and their actions are mislabeled, therefore, they are being loyal to their community. Moral justification of right or wrong is hindered by the small amount of loyalty to the