The Story behind the Morse code and Telegraph SOS, is an internationally recognized distress signal, is not an abbreviation for any certain word, but instead, the letters were chosen because they are easy to transmit in Morse code: "S" is three dots, and "O" is three dashes (History.com, 2009). “While Samuel Morse was travelling through Europe he observed the French device called the “semaphore,”. It was an “early telegraph system that communicated optically by way of windmill-like towers with adjustable arms (DEV, 2017)”. The devices were constructed all over France in the 18th and 19th centuries and used primarily for national and military communications. The semaphore towers had a distance between them of approximately six miles. The devices worked by moving their arms to a position that could be recognized to match a letter or character in the French alphabet. “Messengers manning each station would read each message by telescope and pass it along to the next station, making communication …show more content…
The Morse code worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. The code assigned letters and numbers a set of dots and dashes. The code was based on the frequency of use. Letters that were used quite frequently like “E” received a simple code, while others that were used infrequently such as “Q” received a more in depth code. The Morse code in the beginning was marks on a piece of paper that a telegraph operator would translate. The paper was quickly replaced by a receiver that allowed the operators to hear and interpret the code by simply listening to it. In 1843, Samuel Morse and his colleague Alfred Vail received funding from the U.S. Congress to set up and test their telegraph system between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland. “On May 24, 1844, the first historic message was sent. Samuel Morse sent Alfred Vail the message of “What hath God wrought! (History.com,
Another reason when using internet acronyms, there is a bad mechanism to use while sending a text or typing an email is a miscommunication. Text messaging cannot accurately convey the tone, emotion, expression, or even body language. Emoticons, like smiley faces and laughing faces, helps the other person know that you understand the joke and helps them know your feelings/mood that you’re
Wireless is a methodical account of the early development of wireless telegraphy and the inventors who made it possible. Sungook Hong examines several early significant inventions, including Hertzian waves and optics, the galvanometer, transatlantic signaling, Marconi's secret-box, Fleming's air-blast key and double transformation system, Lodge's syntonic transmitter and receiver, the Edison effect, the thermionic valve, and the audion and continuous wave. Wireless fills the gap created by Hugh Aitken, who described at length the early development of wireless communication, but who did not attempt "to probe the substance and context of scientific and engineering practice in the early years of wireless" (p. x). Sungook Hong seeks to fill this gap by offering an exhaustive analysis of the theoretical and experimental engineering and scientific practices of the early days of wireless; by examining the borderland between science and technology; depicting the transformation of scientific effects into technological artifacts; and showing how the race for scientific and engineering accomplishment fuels the politic of the corporate institution. While the author succeeds in fulfilling these goals, the thesis, it seems, is to affirm Guglielmo Marconi's place in history as the father of wireless telegraphy.
Edison got his idea for the recorder when he worked as a telegraph operator at the Western Union office in Indianapolis. He figured out that during a night shift he could couple together two old Morse registers to capture incoming codes for later retrieval. He could sleep during his shift and catch up on messages later. (RCA Online 2)
...er. The songs spoke of, “going home” or “being bound for the land of Canaan”. People generally assumed they were singing about dying and going to Heaven, but they were actually singing about going north to Canada and freedom (www.pathways.thinkport.org). Quilt code was another way for them to communicate. They used different geometric patterns in quilts to pass messages along through the Underground Railroad (www.ugrrquilt.hartcottagequilts.com). There were various patterns that a seamstress would sew on there. She’d make a sampler quilt for the slaves to memorize and then make big quilts to hang in the window and such. The wrench pattern meant gather your tools and get physically and mentally prepared. The wagon wheel meant pack your belongings, while the bear’s paw symbolized follows the literal footprints of the bear. The tumbling blocks meant pack up and go.
The urgency of communication was never much felt until the beginning and use of telegraphy. It was much easier to transmit and receive messages over long distances that no longer needed physical transport of letters.
Despite of errors that can be potentially generated by using abbreviations , the use of such shortened form of inscribing some words and medical orders has been a part of the practice and has not been eradicated. It would be therefore for the best and benefit of everyone to be well guided by written policies on usage of abbreviations. Standard policies on abbreviation usage have been developed by organizations such as The Joint Commission (ISMP, 2007). The JCAHO has been also striving to reach out to the healthcare professionals and organizations to help in elimination of errors rooting from the use of abbreviations (AARC, 2005). Org...
...53 and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney that made the ruling that Samuel F. B. Morse was the first to combine the power of the electromagnet, electromagnetism, and the battery that powered the telegraph machine. Although the United States did not give any recognition of Samuel Morse’s invention, he was rewarded 400,000 French francs, which amounted to roughly $80,000 at that time, from the countries of Austria, Piedmont, Belgium, France, Russia, Turkey, Tuscany, and Sweden. In June 10, 1871, a bronze statue of Samuel F. B. Morse was constructed and placed in Central Park in New York City. There was also an engraving of a portrait of Samuel Morse on the reverse side of the two-dollar certificate of the United State in 1896.
He used a comparison pattern to describe telegraph invention with the internet, and how was more important to invent this device similar to the internet invention. Reading through the book gives a different criterion of the implementation and evolution of the telegraph device in Europe and United States. Although Standage’s book lacks deep technical aspects, he tells the story of telegraph invention in simple and interesting chronical way. In fact, he started his first chapter by mentioning the rumors of inventing a magical device to transfer letter between people mile apart in the late of the sixteen century. By 1791 two French scientist brothers Claude and Rene Chappe invented the first version of the Telegraph. The working principle of this device was mechanical and optical, which had failed in the dark. The Chappe brothers continued their trials until 1793 they succeeded to invent the first dependable device to transmit messages over long distances. At this time, the telegraph first named tachygraph from the Greek word tachy which means fast, then they changed to telegraph. The new invention became fully operational by 1794, where it played an important role to send a report of the capture of town from the Austrians and Prussians. The success of using the telegraph in civilian and military matter encouraged Napoleon to build wider telegraph network by 1804. During the nineteen century, the telegraph machine evolved to a wider global communication network to cross the continents especially in England and the United States, where Samuel Morse developed a newer version of the telegraph by
Telegraph - The telegraph brought the end to the Pony Express when the East and West coast of the US were connected in 1861, just in time for a major role in the Civil War. The military Signal Corps was first established in both the Union and the Confederacy as a tactical and strategic communication method for the armies.
Before the Civil War, it could take leaders of a country days until they learned of an attack in a different part of the country. Telegraphs were being constructed during the Civil War. When they were done, they reached all the way to the west coast of the US. During the Civil War, Lincoln gave orders through the telegraph, asking questions to generals for more information, and sometimes, he’d speak to the generals in almost real time. After the war, telegraph lines stayed for both the use of the public, and for government and the military.
Samuel Morse contributed many things to American society. In 1832 when returning from Europe from a period of art study on the ship Sully, Samuel overheard a conversation about the newly discovered electromagnets and came up with the idea of an electric telegraph. By 1835 he had his first telegraph model working in the New York University building. In 1837, he acquired two partners to help him develop his telegraph. Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail were the two men that he chose. They applied for a patent in 1837 for the telegraph, which included the dot and dash code.
Being poor, Morse used materials like an old artist's canvas stretcher to hold his invention, a home-made battery and an old clock-work to move the paper on which dots and dashes were to be recorded. In 1837 Morse got two partners to help him develop his telegraph. One was Leonard Gale, a quiet professor of science at New York University, who taught him how to increase voltage by increasing the number of turns around the electromagnet. The other was Alfred Vail, a young man who made available both his mechanical skills and his family's New Jersey iron works to help make a better telegraph model.... ... middle of paper ...
Although abbreviations are an extremely common thing which are used every single day throughout the medical field, it does not mean that they are always a helpful thing. Health care professionals generally use abbreviations during their work days to try to help them do things a bit more quickly so that they are able to move on to the next patient faster. One of the most common problems with using abbreviations is that it can sometimes be very difficult to decipher another person's handwriting. When a doctor or other medical personnel reads a patient's chart they may or may not always be able to understand exactly what another person has tried to abbreviate, either because of their handwriting or they may have accidentally written the abbreviation down wrong. In other cases the abbreviation may have been confused with another similar abbreviation, and that may end up causing a great deal of problems, not only for the patient but for whoever is in charge of dealing with the patient as well. There are quite a few things that can be done to help reduce the errors that abbreviations can cause such as; completely eliminating medical abbreviations, having written policies for the usage of abbreviations, knowing who should use them and when it would be acceptable, and why someone should use them in the medical field.
Cell phones have immensely changed the way people communicate today. A cell phone can be all a person need for interaction. From a cell phone, a person can make calls, send text messages, emails, and send and also receive directions, buy things online, do online banking, listen to music and much more. Since someone can do everything with one device, there is no longer a need to go around with multiple devices about. Greek hydraulic semaphore systems were used as early as the 4th century. The hydraulic semaphores, which functioned with water filled containers and visual signals, functioned as optical telegraphs. However, they could only apply a very limited range of pre-determined messages, and as with all such visual telegraphs could only be deployed during good visibility conditions. Experiments on communication using electricity was carried out in 1729 but was not successful. The experiment was proposed by William Fothergill Cooke. In 1837, William invented a practical electric telegraph which entered commercial use in 1838 (J. B. Calvert, May 2004). The first telephone was invented in 1878 by Alexander Graham Bell. He experimented with a ‘phonautograph’, it is a machine shaped like a pen that can draw shapes of sound waves on smoked glass by tracing vibrations.
The only means of communication was writing a letter or sending a telegram. The number of people one knew of was limited. At that time, one might not know the person living on the other side of the globe, but they did know who their neighbors were. They talked and interacted with each other and knew what others were going through. They communicated less, but communicated more.