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Use of donor conception
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A well-known reporter and writer, Gina Kolata, in her article, More Babies being Born to Be Donors of Tissue, addresses the ethics of conceiving donor babies. Kolata’s purpose is to enlighten the reader on the debate of whether conceiving donor babies is ethical. She uses all three ethos, pathos, and logos, in order to inform the reader that there are many sides of the debate. Kolata uses her knowledge of medicine to explain the procedures that would be done so that the reader can understand. She has a masters degree in molecular biology and has training in science from M.I.T and is a reporter for the New York Times. She also uses many doctors to give their opinion on the argument. The doctor’s opinion is from both sides of the debate. She also uses the opinions of ethicists who also stand on both sides. Kolata states very clear and objective on the argument. She does not hint on to where she stands but gives the reader enough information so that they can pick a side. …show more content…
Kolata (1991) also uses logos to inform the reader.
One statistic she uses is that “we found at least 40 children had been conceived for the purpose of bone marrow donation in the past 5 years. (p.2).” This claim basically states that within 5 years 40 children that were conceived was with the purpose of bone marrow donation. Kolata also uses a survey done by Dr. Caplan about families stores who have concaved a child for some sort of donation or transplant. One story is a child had a rare disease so the parents conceived another child for bone marrow and the child conceived tuned out to have the same rare disease. One family involved divorced parents and the wife remarried and the child from the first marriage needed a bone marrow transplant so the wife got inseminated with her ex-husband semen to conceive a child. There are many crazier stories regarding conceiving a child for a donation or transplant. Throughout the whole time, Kolata stays objective not showing her side of the
argument. Lastly, Kolata uses pathos as well to inform the reader, but this time by striking some kind of emotion. The way she strikes emotion is by using a quote by Dr.Fost. Kolata (1991) states “Dr. Fost said he thought it was acceptable to use the prenatal diagnosis to determine if a fetus would be of the right tissue type and to abort fetuses that were not. (p.3).” This quote would likely strike emotion in the reader since abortion is a quick-tempered subject. Many people have a strong opinion on it whether they are for or against it. The reader would either agree with Dr. Fost or disagree and be angered by the comment. Likely that comment would dictate what side the reader would be on. Once abortion comes into the debate the sides where people stand are clear and there is no changing their minds. The reader's mind will be set after reading that comment by Dr.Fost. The overall impact of these appeals helps give the reader a place to stand. The appeals give the right amount of information so that the reader can make an opinion. At the end of the article, the reader is able to make an informed opinion for themselves. Like I said before the most likely part of the article that will determent where the reader stands is the comment by Dr.Fost because of the emotion it will strike in the reader. The reader also has the luxury of knowing that what they are reading is credible and not false information. The article turns out to be a well-written, nonobjective, and informative piece.
- If all of the options were explored, and patient is given antibiotics and is treated without any pain or suffering than the treatment identifies with the ethnical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, and veracity. In turn, Mrs. Dawson will be happy with the outcome of the procedure.
Patrick Lee and Robert P. George’s, “The Wrong of Abortion” is a contentious composition that argues the choice of abortion is objectively unethical. Throughout their composition, Lee and George use credibility and reason to appeal the immorality of abortions. The use of these two methods of persuasion are effective and compels the reader to consider the ethical significance. Lee and George construct their argument by disputing different theories that would justify abortions. They challenge the ontological and evaluation theories of the fetus, as well as the unintentional killing theory. This article was obtained through Google, in the form of a PDF file that is associated with Iowa State University.
In kilner’s case study “Having a baby the new-fashioned way”, present a story that can be relatable to a lot of families struggling to have a child. This is a dilemma that can be controversial and ethical in own sense. The couple that were discussed in the case study were Betty and Tom. Betty and Tom who are both in their early forties who have struggled to bear children. Dr. Ralph Linstra from Liberty University believes that “Fertility can be taken for granted”. Dr. Ralph talks about how many couples who are marriage may run into an issue of bearing a child and turn to “medical science” to fix the issue. He discusses that “God is author of life and he can open and close the womb”. That in it’s self presents how powerful God.
Recent high profile cases, films and books all around the world including the UK, Australia and the United States have brought to the public’s attention a new type of IVF. ‘Embryo Selection’ meaning ‘Embryos are fertilised outside the body and only those with certain genes are selected and implanted in the womb.’ Henceforth meaning that doctors are now able to select specific embryo’s and implant them into the mother of who may have another sick child in order to gain genetic material such as bone marrow which will match the ill-fated child and therefore hopefully be able to save their life. Creating a ‘saviour sibling’. ‘A child conceived through selective in vitro fertilization as a potential source of donor organs or cells for an existing brother or sister with a life-threatening medical condition’ a definition given by Oxford Dictionaries (1.0). Cases of this are happening all around the globe and many are highly documented about. The most famous case could be noted as in the fictional book of ‘My Sisters Keeper’ By Jodi Picoult. I will further discuss this throughout my dissertation and how books and films can affect the view on certain ethical subjects. Furthermore, I am also going to discuss a range of factors such as certain religious beliefs and the physical creation of saviour siblings compared to the creation of designer babies. Strong views are held by many both for and against the creation of saviour siblings.
In Sullivan versus Rachel’s on euthanasia I will show that James Rachel’s argument is logically stronger than Sullivan’s argument. I will present examples given by both authors regarding their arguments and also on their conclusions about it. I will explain both of the author’s logical strengths and weaknesses in their arguments. I will give the examples given by both authors on how they prove their arguments to be true and later I will decide whose argument is stronger based on their strengths and weaknesses. I will give one of Rachel’s main strong arguments and one of Sullivan’s very weak arguments. I will also show if both of the author’s premises follow from the conclusion. And at the end I will give my opinion on my personal reasons on whose I think makes more sense in presenting their arguments.
It allows for a highly questionable distinction between killing and letting die, which, if accepted, lead to indefensible medical decisions. Sullivan chooses to focus on the integrity of the Doctrine. The AMA Doctrine delivers the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary care. Ordinary care is obtained without excessive expense, pain or other inconvenience, while, extraordinary care is all treatment that does not fall under ordinary care and attempts to prolong the life of a terminally ill patient. The Doctrine can be considered a simple prohibition of murder, ensuring that doctors do not without ordinary care, because doing so would be considered killing. Rachels example seen convincing because they deal with withholding ordinary care but he fails to distinguish ordinary from extraordinary, then attacks the lack of ordinary care. This can be found in the Downs Syndrome Baby example, where severe down’s syndrome babies born with intestinal obstructions. Sometimes in such cases the baby is permitted to die. Rachels argues that in such cases we find compelling moral grounds for preferring active euthanasia to passive euthanasia in the vastly greater degree of suffering involved in letting the baby die. The AMA policy, strictly interpreted, seems to allow newborn Down Syndrome babies to die from intestinal blockages, though this is not the reason that parents think it best to let the babies die. Sullivan would deem that if the baby is suffering and their quality of life would not be adequate then the baby should be permitted to die. In the case of the Downs Syndrome Baby it would be permissible to withhold extraordinary care, according to Sullivan. The doctor, in removing extraordinary care, does not intend to kill the patient, but to spare the baby any suffering that may be endured through extraordinary
Our culture has a stringent belief that creating new life if a beautiful process which should be cherished. Most often, the birth process is without complications and the results are a healthy active child. In retrospect, many individuals feel that there are circumstances that make it morally wrong to bring a child into the world. This is most often the case when reproduction results in the existence of another human being with a considerably reduced chance at a quality life. To delve even further into the topic, there are individuals that feel they have been morally wronged by the conception in itself. Wrongful conception is a topic of debate among many who question the ethical principles involved with the sanctity of human life. This paper will analyze the ethical dilemmas of human dignity, compassion, non-malfeasance, and social justice, as well the legal issues associated with wrongful conception.
The film used outside sources like journalists and politicians to give statistics. This appeal to logic doesn’t help me accredit them because they use opinions to state an argument instead of data. When these self-proclaimed ‘experts’ are less than qualified with their professional experiences, they can pretty much say anything that they want, and we will believe them because they’re professionals and we trust that they are experts, when they don’t have a clue. Therefore, I believe that these professionals pick and choose what they can and cannot speak about. It would help if they were honest and clearer about their experience. The consequence of not being clear about their qualifications and standpoints is that the public mostly cannot know who is speaking sense and who is speaking gibberish. With such a dilemma in the United States we need people who are trustworthy; professionals that have the clinical experience and people who show that they’ve done their research, people who are
The addition of a child into a family’s home is a happy occasion. Unfortunately, some families are unable to have a child due to unforeseen problems, and they must pursue other means than natural pregnancy. Some couples adopt and other couples follow a different path; they utilize in vitro fertilization or surrogate motherhood. The process is complicated, unreliable, but ultimately can give the parents the gift of a child they otherwise could not have had. At the same time, as the process becomes more and more advanced and scientists are able to predict the outcome of the technique, the choice of what child is born is placed in the hands of the parents. Instead of waiting to see if the child had the mother’s eyes, the father’s hair or Grandma’s heart problem, the parents and doctors can select the best eggs and the best sperm to create the perfect child. Many see the rise of in vitro fertilization as the second coming of the Eugenics movement of the 19th and early 20th century. A process that is able to bring joy to so many parents is also seen as deciding who is able to reproduce and what child is worthy of birthing.
“She may be unmarried or in a bad marriage. She may consider herself too poor to raise a child. She may think her life is too unstable or unhappy, or she may think that her drinking or drug use will damage the baby’s health” (126). The emotional appeal in this paragraph could make the reader think they are pro-choice. Apart from their use of pathos, the authors do a great job using a mixture of both ethos and logos. Page 130 is an example of both, which were used expertly to help the reader understand their point of view and the
...t’s family should be able decide for the patient whether or not prolonging their life is moral.
O'Neill, Terry (ed.). Biomedical Ethics: Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego CA, © 1994. pp. 185-196.
Foht, Brendan P. "Three-Parent Embryos Illustrate Ethical Problems with Technologies." Medical Ethics, edited by Noël Merino, Greenhaven Press, 2015. Current Controversies. Opposing Viewpoints in Context,
Steinbock, Bonnie. "Payment for Egg Donation and Surrogacy." Bioethics in a Changing World. By Jennifer A. Parks and Victoria S. Wike. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2010. 400-09. Print.
With the start of human life unclear, relying on our intuition becomes ineffective; thus leaving that obligation up for debate. Should we grant a full set of moral rights to a fetus on their first trimester as we do a fully developed person of moral standing? The answer is yes. In accordance to Emmanuel Kant’s ethical theory, the act of abortion, in direct violation to the first and second formulation to the categorical imperative, is morally wrong. I defend the human value of a fetus from the moment of conception upon the following Kantian grounds: denying or removing another person’s future of a life cannot be (1) universalized nor (2) is it acting in a way that treats others as ends in themselves.