Introduction:
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force, an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force(Physicsclassroom.com, 2015). This law is often called "the law of inertia". This means that there is a natural tendency for objects to keep on doing what they're doing. All objects resist changes in their state of motion.
Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion." All objects have mass if the object is moving, then it has momentum. The amount of momentum that an object has is dependent upon two variables, the amount of mass moving and how fast the mass is moving(Physicsclassroom.com, 2015). Momentum depends upon the variables
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Whenever there is an interaction between two objects, a force upon each of the objects is created(Physicsclassroom.com, 2015). Forces only exist as a result of an interaction to another object.
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes, or how quickly an object changes its velocity. The SI unit for acceleration is m/s/s or m/s2(Sites.google.com, 2015). It is a vector quantity because velocity is a vector quantity, so direction is taken into account. Acceleration is any change in your state of motion.
Active Car Safety
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These laws are also applied to the body's within the car. The crumple zone increases the time of the collision whilst doing so absorbs a great amount of the force(Plastics-car.com, 2015). This increase in time allows for a decrease in force applied and gives the body's within the car more time to withstand a change in momentum.
Airbags :
In a collision all the passengers within a car have momentum and for momentum to be stopped it must be acted on by an opposite force. In cars the force to oppose this momentum is often the airbag. The airbag supplies an impulse, force over time (Tristanmac.tripod.com, 2015). The more time that the airbag gives for the passenger to experience an impulse the less damage inflicted on the passenger. The airbag is going to increase the time that passenger has before it comes to a complete stop. The action of doing so will inflict a lot less force on the body.
Conclusion
The linear momentum of a particle of mass, m, moving with a velocity, v, is defined to be the product of the mass and velocity: p=mv
When the eggs are dropped onto the pillow, the eggs will bounce a little and stay whole.
Crumple zones work according to Isaac Newton’s first law and second law. The first law is - when an object which is moving (in this case a vehicle) will continue to move in the same speed and in the same direction unless another unbalanced force acts on it (like another vehicle or a tree or a wall). When a vehicle is moving at a certain speed, so are the bodies inside it. However, if the vehicle suddenly stops, the bodies will continue to move in the same direction unless something stops them. This would cause several injuries.
The Grade 12 Physical Science learners at Penryn College were tasked with carrying out an experiment to investigate the effect of collisions on momentum. Different mass pieces (500g; 1kg and 1.5kg) were dropped on a moving trolley and the learners observed the velocity of the trolley before the mass pieces were dropped on the trolley and the velocity after the mass pieces were dropped. The velocities were then compared.
-The masses, distances and times will be measured in order to calculate the momentums of the systems before and after collision occurs.
Cars are designed to crumple during a collision as shown in Figure 1. This lengthens the duration of the crash so that the deceleration is less intense. Without crumple zones, the deceleration would be too great for humans and is equivalent to over 15 times what fighter pilots endure during training (MinutePhysics, 2015). Therefore, the longer the duration of the crash, the safer it is for the passengers as there is more time for the vehicle to slow down as demonstrated by Figure 2. There are two types of collisions that a vehicle can incur. Elastic collisions and Inelastic collisions. Elastic collisions are observed in low-speed car carshes where the bumper deforms to absorb the energy and then will pop back out. On the other hand, an inelastic collision is observed through a high-speed car crash in which the bumper would completely crumple to stop the vehicle (Townsend,
can move itself. Therefore, if something is in motion, it must have been put in motion by
If a force acts on a body, the body accelerates in the direction of the force. In the example of the force of gravity, small things like textbooks are pulled downward toward the center of the large mass of the Earth, not up into space, even if some people think that this might happen. Isaac Newton was the first to conceive of weight as the gravitational attraction. between the body and the Earth. The force that results from the gravitational attraction of the Earth on its surface is what we call weight. Science has chosen to measure the mass of objects in units that are roughly equivalent to the weight of those objects on Earth.
Force is an influence which tends to change the motion of an object such as force to move a resting object to accelerate. In mechanics, forces can see as the causes of linear motion. [3] The action of forces causing motion is described in Newton’s Laws. The SI unit for force is the Newton and represents as F.
Does the momentum of an isolated system remain constant even after a collision and does the addition of mass on an object affect the momentum of an object?
In our text we began our study of physics with motion because motion is a dominant characteristic of the Universe (Kirkpatrick, 21). In class we learned that speed is the distance traveled divided by the time taken, s=d/t. The definition of velocity is very close to that of speed except that direction of an object is also taken into account.
Automobile accidents happen all around us. We see cars in the middle of the road after just rear ending each other. We see cars driving around town with big dents in them. Do you ever stop to wonder how car accidents happen? Physics; that’s how they happen. There are several aspects of physics that apply to automobile accidents.
Impulse changes momentum is the next topic and if momentum changes, it is said that the mass or the velocity changes and at times, both of them can change. The equation for
Law two can be used to calculate “the relationship between an objects mass (m), its acceleration (a), and the applied force (f) is F= ma.” This formula is used in all of the above components in the car.
...force applied. (Jones) Using this rule you would conclude that as soon as you stopped pushing an object it stopped moving. We know this to be false since the momentum keeps the object moving. Aristotle’s theories had a certain elegance to them, but overall they have not held up through time. His theories were important in the time, but there are many holes in them using the facts we know to be true in today’s world. His theories have been an important stepping stone leading to other advancements in physics such as Newton’s laws of motion.