Module 3:
How do hormones affect adolescent development?
Hormones are a huge part of adolescence, if not the most important. During puberty, hormones are at their highest. For males, the hormone androgen is at its peak, while female’s estrogen level are heightened. Testosterone is a class of androgen in men and has direct effects on external genitals, growing in height, and a deepening of their voice. Another result from the increase of testosterone is heightened sexual drive. For woman, estradiol is the estrogen that increases during hormonal changes. With the estradiol rise comes breast development, uterine and skeletal changes.
Although estrogen and testosterone are the most heightened hormones during adolescence, there are various other organs effected. Throughout the span of puberty, changes in the endocrine system occur.
“The pituitary glands sends a signal via
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gonadotropins (hormones that stimulate sex glands) to the testes or ovaries to manufacture the hormone. Then, through interaction with the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland detects when the optimal level of hormones has been reached and maintains it with additional gonadotropin secretions. “(Pflaffle & Klammt, 2011; Wanakowska & Polkowska, 2010) Also from the pituitary glands are two hormones that regulate the levels of sex hormones.
These two hormones are FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) & LH (luteinizing
Hormone). Along with these, the hypothalamus secretes GnRH (gonadotropin- releasing hormone). The stages at which these hormones are secreted is regulated by a negative feedback loop. During puberty, the negative feedback loop must produce more hormones in order to maintain regular. That is the reason that adolescents experiences the physical and mental changes in response to hormones during this time. Following this pattern, cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex (which stimulates growth), as well as Adrenarche, and Gonadarche which simulates maturation of sexual characteristics.
People do think of puberty as a specific time period, but it actually is a process that takes place over a course of time during adolescence. Everyone has these hormonal changes, but they can happen at different points in time depending on the person. The hormones produced by your body have many effects, and are vital for development and
maturation.
The teenage year is the time when the body starts producing sex hormones and goes through a major growth spurt. This is the period when
CAH is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder and males and females are affected in equal numbers. Chromosome 6 is where the group of genes lie that causes the most common forms of CAH. Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) are released by the anterior lobe in the pituitary gland. Its role is to act on cells of the adrenal cortex which then synthesizes corticosteroids and cortisol. However, those with CAH have insufficient amounts of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase, needed to convert 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) into cortisol.
Puberty is the time in a person’s life when the body begins to sexually mature; the hormone oestrodiol is produced by females. Puberty is initiated by hormonal signals that go to the brain then to the gonads, ovaries in female. (NHS Choices Puberty) A hormone is the produced by the gonads that stimulates the growth, function and transformation of the brain, skin, hormones, breast and sexual organs. During puberty it causes severally different changes, the physical changes are breast development, pubic hair, body shape (hips get wider), vagina and uterus, menstruation and body odour. (Wikipedia)
The production and use of testosterone in the male body plays an extremely important part in how a male ages. For instance, testosterone levels increase during male puberty, deepening the voice, filling out muscle mass, and stimulating sex drive. In adult males, it plays much the same role. Adult men rely on testosterone to maintain muscle mass and strength, maintain bone and joint strength, distribute fat throughout the body appropriately, stimulate proper red blood cell production, and initiate and maintain sperm production and healthy libido.
Puberty is a difficult concept to comprehend for young pre-teens. If I were to sum up puberty in one word it would be nervousness. Many children are confused about what actually occurs during puberty. The most noticeable aspects of puberty are the physical features for boys and girls. Girls, like Gianna, will start developing breasts, grow hair in new places, and their hormones will change to create estrogen. Girls can expect this change to occur between the ages of 8 a...
One stage of adolescent development that my teen went through was puberty. Puberty is different for girls and boys and is manifested differently as they go through many physical and cognitive changes. As I was raising my teen daughter I noticed that the changes in her body during puberty played a role in the way she viewed herself. By age 11 she became more interested in her appearance as a result of some compliments from some boys in her school. She started to wear makeup to school every day and became more interested in buying new clothes and shoes. As pu...
There are five hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary and are called tropic hormones. The first is called Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH) which increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. The second is Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) which increases the secretion of prolactin (PRL) and primarily regulates breast milk in women. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the third and it increases the secretion of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) which regulates the production and maturation of sperm and oocytes as well as hormonal synthesis by the gonads. The fourth hormone is called Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) which increases the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete corticosteroid hormones. An example of a corticosteroid hormone is cortisol. Lastly, the fifth hormone is the Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) which increases the secretion of growth hormone (GH) that stimulates cell growth throughout the
The anterior pituitary gland secretes GH, also called somatotropin, and it is vital for child development and adaptation to the stresses from resistance training.1 The concentration of GH changes depending on the time of day, but during sleep, the concentration is at its highest.1 The effects of GH is also facilitated by the production if IGF which may require 8-29 hours to produce.1 In daily life, factors such as sleep, diet, and gender dictate the pattern at which GH is secreted.1 Similar to testosterone, intensity, rest and volume affect GH response during resistance training.2
The endocrine system in the human body stores a chemical known as hormones. Hormones are released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body carrying messages. A hormonal impulse is similar to a nerve impulse only much slower. The messages carried by the hormones trigger different behaviors. Hormones can affect behavior in many ways such as: Mental activity or tiredness, boredom or excitement, sexual behavior, the ability to maintain focus, boldness, the potency of stress, and the admiration of friendship. Hormones can also be a leading factor in whether a person is in a good mood or a bad mood (Morris & Maisto, 2005).
Increase in hormones affects internal and external growth. Motor skills in adolescence are that both genders develop more strength and speed in their movements, less clumsiness and more refined. There is a sequence when consecutive spurts happen as it first starts off with the weight spurt, then a height spurt, and finally a muscle spurt. As for motor skills, it is the just the same things learned from the past, and know everything we touched so have in one’s surroundings, as all that’s left to remember is how things function and
Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological development from the onset of puberty to maturity. The adolescent is no longer a child, but they haven’t yet reached adulthood. Adolescence is considered people between the ages of 13 and 21. Puberty is the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction. Puberty is important to adolescence because when a child hits puberty, that’s when the child is becoming an adolescent. Puberty is a big part of an adolescent’s life.
Men and women are both unique in the way their bodies and are formed and developed. Men and women both go through the most changes during their adolescent years when they begin going through puberty. Puberty normally begin in a male from the age of 11 and continues through the age of 16. Boys will develop a deeper voice; growth of hair on their face and body, a boy will have spurts of muscle growth, their testes will begin to produce sperm. A teenage boy will start producing a hormone called testosterone that is produced by their testes. Male’s reproductive system primary genitalia are their testes.
The endocrine system is composed by a group of glands that secrete hormones for the secretion of a specific organ and the result of this cycle will contribute to of physiological and behavioral activities. The circulatory system makes a connection with the hormones secreted because it helps them to travel around the human body in a very short time. The endocrine glands that secrete the hormones that target specific hormones consist of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries and testes. However, they are secondary organs part of the body system such as the kidney, liver, and heart. The kidney in particular secretes endocrine hormones such as renin and erythropoietin (EPO).
Developmental effects are what make a teen a teen. At the beginning of adolescence, a teenager undergoes many changes in their life physically. In fact, sources have said that teens change faster than any other age range (Lindsay 22). They will “shoot up in their height” (Fenwick 15). A girl will start growing around the age of nine and ten and reach full maturity about age 16, while guys start at roughly twelve and reach full maturity around age eighteen. Teen weight fluctuates often as well. It might even double between the ages of ten and eighteen (Fenwick 16). For guys, this weight is mainly muscle but for girls, the weight is both muscle and fat (Fenwick 17). These changes do not always happen at the same time for everybody. The earlier developers are normally smarter than the standard and delayed developers. Also, they are taller than their friends, which for guys will make them popular but it will make girls feel like they don’t belong, and develop bad posture as a resul...
Hormones significantly affect the physical and psychological aspects of puberty. During this time, a “surge of hormones” occurs, which affects the teen’s body, brain, and behavior. In girls,