The Modoc War officially began on November, 29, 1872; the main reason that caused the Modoc War was the process of enclosure. This process consisted in unifying lands in order to have a larger farm restricted or operated by one owner. It was originated in the medieval Europe and caused economic and ecological changes in the way the Modocs lived in California. The war was surrounded of discrimination and violence. Everything was related in which side had the most control of the natural resources. As Isenberg stated, “The violence of 1872-1873 was the last stage of a conflict over the control of land and natural resources that had begun two decades earlier.” (Isenberg, 131). The Modoc War was the only Indian War fought in California. The main
factor that caused tension within the two sides was that Euroamericans came to the Modoc’s land and proclaimed them as their own, causing a shift in wage labor, decline of population from diseases and migration. “The Indians’ ecological and economic predicament fundamentally a consequence of the transformation of the California environment was the underlying cause of the Modoc War.” (Isenberg, 137). What made Euroamericans to enclose lands was what Thompson called “social discipline” on the rural poor. Ranchers and farmers started to settle in the Modoc country causing discrimination and a resistance to an emerging economic order in California. “Although the Modocs had made extensive accommodations to the ranching economy, in the eyes of state and federal authorities they were merely Indians.” (Isenberg, 138). In 1864, The Modocs and United States signed a treaty where the American government agreed to help and protect their goods once they moved to the Klamath Reservation in Oregon. This treaty was cancelled when the Modocs defiance the authorities because they ignored their grievances. “Jack, in his failed efforts to negotiate a settlement over an eight-year period that preceded the war, knew full well that Euroamerican settlement was a fait accompli and that wage labor had become a permanent part of the Modocs’ lives.” (Isenberg, 139). The roots of this war were originated when Euroamericans’ conquered lands from the Modocs and the defiance of them because their cultural traditions were violated. Euroamericans and Modocs were employers and employees, the landed and the newly landless. It was the process of enclosure that created economic and social conflict between both sides.
Most times the cause of this fighting was that Europeans were taking over land that was not rightfully theirs. The Natives often lost these battles because their weapons and tactics were not as advanced as the Europeans. Therefore, the large number of deaths in battles caused a change in the Native’s population. To add, when the Europeans first arrived in the Americas they established a new economic system called the encomienda system. The encomienda system was a system of forced labor in which Native Americans worked on Spanish-owned estates.
Mexico had departed from Spain in 1821. California wanted to manage their own affairs however, they lacked self government. Pio Pico was the civil governor and Jose Castro was the military comandante. The two men held great hostility toward each other. They divided California’s land and raised armies for themselves. These divisions of armies led to future problems, due to the lack of unity between the two.
The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.–Mexican War, the Invasion of Mexico, the U.S. Intervention, or the United States War Against Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States and the Centralist Republic of Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Riot. Through this time, supply ships from San Blas continued to be unpredictable and the missions—with their native workers—were worried to provide for the population. When the native groups began to resist the bigger demands, they were placed under firmer military control. Also, additional tribes were gathered, mixed, and combined into dense groups in order to serve the payment. Under these conditions, new diseases quickly spread and native cultures were further disrupted.
Also, the transcontinental railroad went through the land that the Plains Indians lived on. They were forced to move into smaller areas that were designated by the government. A lot of wars happened over this issue, and over the issue of gold being on their land.
The Bear Flag Revolt was the act of settlers trying to overturn the Mexican government in California led by John C. Fremont. In opposition of the Mexican government, the settlers rose the Bear Flag and red star. The Bear Flag Revolt shows the first signs of hostility towards Mexicans in California as a group (insert citation). Following the years after Mexican War, Americans would follow similar uprising against the Mexicans in group action. The Cart War happened in 1857 due to ethnic and racial hostilities of Texans towards the Mexican Americans that resided there. There was also anger over the fact the the Mexican Texans felt sympathy for the black slaves. Mexicans had made a business from hauling food and merchandise using oxcarts, that went faster than their anglo counterparts. Anglo Americans in mob fashion destroyed the Mexican’s oxcarts,
The Mexican-American War was in 1846, many Americans and Mexicans died. Mexico was trying to win back the land they once had, while America wanted more of their land for their belief manifest destiny. The Mexican-American war was started by a simple mistake, the Americans went to Mexico to ask for more land. While some Americans were camping in Texas a group of Mexican soldiers killed all of the Americans. This was because American and Mexico haven’t decided on whose territory Texas was since The Alamo. The United States was not justified in going to war with Mexico because America came in and broke the laws, there were no borders for Texas, and America stole Mexico's land. Tejanos(Mexicans) invited Americans in to settle in Texas. Americans also known as Anglos Broke most of the few laws Mexico made. There was a war for the independence of Texas. A couple years later, President Polk went to go ask Mexico for some of their land because of their belief called Manifest destiny. Which was the belief that God wanted to expand America's land from Texas all the way to the Pacific.
The French and Indian war, also better known as the seven year war, was in 1754. It all began in the early spring of 1754 through 1763, when George Washington and some 160 Virginians and hand full of Mingo Indians started to move when they were concerned about the French military presence in their county. The battle first started when a Mingo chief, the Indian leader that was with George Washington in his campaign, led a unit of soldiers into a small French encampment in the woods. It was a very small battle but, the fight ended up with 14 French men wounded. While Washington was trying to get all the available information from their French dying commander to help their plans in the war, the Indians killed and scalped the remaining survivors including the commander.
The purpose of this essay is to inform on the similarities and differences between systemic and domestic causes of war. According to World Politics by Jeffry Frieden, David Lake, and Kenneth Schultz, systemic causes deal with states that are unitary actors and their interactions with one another. It can deal with a state’s position within international organizations and also their relationships with other states. In contract, domestic causes of war pertain specifically to what goes on internally and factors within a state that may lead to war. Wars that occur between two or more states due to systemic and domestic causes are referred to as interstate wars.
4. In 1850, California passed an Act that would take away more of the rights that Indians had. The Act contained the statement “in no case shall a white man be convicted on any offense upon the testimony of an Indian.” (California’s War on Indians 1). Basically, if a white man were to murder someone or did anything illegal and if only Indians saw it happen, they wouldn’t be able to convict the white man because of the witnesses race. The Act also narrowed down the Indians land rights, also enforced a slave like law in which white people were allowed to go and pick up Indian children
Beginning in the 1860s and lasting until the late 1780s, government policy towards Native Americans was aggressive and expressed zero tolerance for their presence in the West. In the last 1850s, tribal leaders and Americans were briefly able to compromise on living situations and land arrangements. Noncompliance by Americans, however, resumed conflict. The beginning of what would be called the "Indian Wars" started in Minnesota in 1862. Sioux, angered by the loss of much of their land, killed 5 white Americans. What resulted was over 1,000 deaths, of white and Native Americans. From that point on, American policy was to force Indians off of their land. American troops would force Indian tribe leaders to accept treaties taking their land from them. Protests or resistance by the Indians would result in fighting. On occasion, military troops would even lash out against peaceful Indians. Their aggression became out of control.
The Philips war was from 1675-1676 and was the last attempt by the Native Americans located in Southern New England, to get rid of English settlers.The war was also known as “Metacoms rebellion.”
In 1862, when the north and south were locked in Civil War, Minnesota felt the fury of an even more fundamental internal conflict. The Santees, an eastern branch of the Sioux Nation, having endured ten years of traumatic change on the upper Minnesota River, launched the first great attack in the Indian wars. Eleven years earlier the tribe had sold 24 million acres of hunting ground for a lump sum of $1,665,000 and the promise of future cash annuities.
Some of the most common causes of war are religious differences, territory, oppression, and self-defense (Khan). Alliances are made between countries to avoid war. Countries make alliances believing that it will protect their sovereignty, and the security of their nation (HamzaU). In ways it can be beneficial, but it can also cause harm. Alliances can lead to suspicion and fear between two nations causing war. Three of the many wars that were caused by alliances are The Vietnam War, World War 1, and World War 2. There are many ways how alliances caused and affected these wars.
Post-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict The end of the Cold War meant that the ideological conflict of dominance between East (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe) and West (USA and Western Europe) was over. Contrary to the expectations that world would be much safer in the post-Cold War, United States and Soviet Union were faced with new security issues that they did not know how to deal with. The objective of this essay is to show that with all these changes that occurred with the end of the Cold War, causes of the conflict indeed altered from the classic ones. First the end of the Cold War and the changes in the world order that followed will be outlined.
The Korean War was a significant event in the cold war, it is also known as the ‘forgotten war” because it has been overshadowed by a much larger communist war in Vietnam. The main cause of this war was the constant spread of communism, As communism swept through taking over countries including china, the United States became terrified of it spreading, they quickly made a plan to stop it, and it is known as the Truman doctrine which states that the U.s will help any country that is being threatened by communism. However in 1950 South Korea which was under U.s control was invaded by North Korea. Now it was time for the United States to take action. At the end of the Second World War, the north was taken over by the Soviet Union, and the south was taken over by the Americans. At the Potsdam conference the United States and USSR agreed on a line which dived the north and south known as the 38th parallel line. There had always been tight relationships between the North’s leader Kim sung and Syngman Rhee the ruler of South Korea. North Korea had a much larger and powerful army than South Korea which made most of South Koreas population communist. In order for the south to win, they would need the help of United States troops. United States president Truman and General Douglas MacArthur worked together to save South Korea but, there goal was to take over Korea and get rid of communism.