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More about the cell cycle
More about the cell cycle
More about the cell cycle
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Observing Mitotic Cell Cycle in the roots of Onion
INTRODUCTION
The cell cycle refers to sequence of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). This process is important to genetics because through the cell cycle genetics information for all sorts are passed from parents to daughter cells. (Griffiths. A et al)
A new cell starts after the division and production of two new cells. Each new cell undergoes metabolism, growth and development. At the end of its cycle the cell divides and produces two new cells which then undergo further cell cycle. (Elseth .G et al)
The cell cycle consist of two major phases the first is interphase (an extended period of cell growth, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis and synthesizing its D.N.A. The second period is the mitosis phase (M phase) during which the cell splits itself into two distinct cells called daughter cells. (Griffiths. A et al)
Mitosis is broken down into four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. When living organism needs new cells to repair damage, grow or maintain its condition, cells undergo the cell cycle.
The cell cycle is a significant process by which single celled fertilized egg develops into mature organisms, as well as the process by which hair; skin, blood cells and some internal organs are renewed. (Practical Biology.org)
Aim: the scientific aim of this study is to observe the stages of cell cycles in living tissues, generally and specifically in the meristematic cells of the root of onion or garlic and calculate the mitotic index percentage.
METHOD
1-2 mm of root tip of growing garlic roots were cut off. The root tip was placed in one of the Petri dishes and a few drop of 1 M of hydrochloric acid ...
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...nt the overlapping of cell. Furthermore we used toluidine blue to stain the samples so that the chromosomes can be observed clearly and finally cover slip was used in the experiment to flatten the tip of the onion root for better viewing.
In conclusion, Cell cycle can be divided into interphase and M phase (Mitotic phase). Interphase can be divided into three different phases; they are G1 (first gap) phase, S (synthesis) phase and G2 (second gap) phase. M phase consist of mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis, on the other hand consists of four main phases which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The largest stage of cell cycle is interphase, followed by prophase. The shortest would be metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The greater the percentage of cells, the longer the time spent by each cell in that stage. Therefore the hypothesis is accepted.
The fungus Sordaria fimicola is commonly used to study the different processes of cell cycles such as the assortment of genes and the crossing over during meiosis. Considering the importance of genetics in the world today, this experiment is crucially valuable in helping the students gain knowledge in the different processes of cell cycle and learning how to attempt similar experiments on their own in the future. Sordaria fimicola requires “both mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions to manufacture eight haploid ascospores” (Helm, 1998). This fungus “spend most of its life in haploid condition” (Glase, 1995). When the haploid nuclei fuse together in the cells, they beco...
The main goal for our experiment was to learn how to examine DNA when there is only a small
divide to make new blood cells. Once blood cells mature, they leave the bone marrow and enter
Each cell contains the same genetic code as the parent cell, it is able to do this because it has copied it’s own chromosomes prior to cell death. division. The. Meiosis consists of two divisions whilst mitosis is followed. in one division; both these processes involve the stages of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
As part of the cell cycle, mitosis is the nuclear division of replicated chromosomes by the disconnection of the replicated chromosomes to form two genetically identical daughter nuclei. Escorted by mitosis is commonly the process of cytokinesis. The cytokinesis process entails a dividing cell splitting into two, resulting in the subdivision of the cytoplasm into two cellular suites.
Mitosis is the type of cell division that produces somatic cells. This means that all body cells, such as skin cells, muscle cells, hair cells, etc are produced through mitosis. These cells are all diploid
All organisms are made of cells that grow by cell division. An adult human being consists of about 100000 billion cells. Dying cells are replaced by a large number of unceasingly dividing cells. A cell duplicates its chromosomes, segregates the chromosomes, and divides into two. These ordered sequences of events are called a cell cycle. 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Hartwell, Hunt, Nurse and 1998 Lasker Prizes in Basic Medical Research to Hartwell, Masui, Nurse have made important discoveries about the regulation of a cell cycle. Understanding the regulation of a cell cycle is seminal to understanding why and how cancer cells are formed. In this review, I focus on how these crucial discoveries made progress in understanding cell cycle regulation and leading to understanding cancer cell and cancer therapy.
You begin life as a single cell, formed when the sperm fertilises the egg. Out of all the sperm it only takes one sperm and one egg to fertilise at conception. This is called fertilization; which takes place in the Fallopian tube, the fertilized egg then divides
Cells are able to grow and reproduce. Cells reproduce by splitting and passing on their genes (hereditary information) to Daughter cells. The nucleus always divides before the rest of the cell divides. Therefore each daughter cell contains their own nucleus. The nucleus controls the cells activities through the genetic material DNA. The cells in a body are all the same except the gametes they were all made from one cell, the Zygote. This is the cell that was formed when two gametes from your parents fused.
Meiosis is a specialized form of nuclear division in which there two successive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and II) without any chromosome replication between them. Each division can be divided into 4 phases similar to those of mitosis (pro-, meta-, ana- and telophase). Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes in animals.
The process of cell division plays a very important role in the everyday life of human beings as well as all living organisms. If we did not have cell division, all living organisms would cease to reproduce and eventually perish because of it. Within cell division, there are some key roles that are known as nuclear division and cytokinesis. There are two types within nuclear division. Those two types being mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis and meiosis play a very important role in the everyday life as well. Mitosis is the asexual reproduction in which two cells divide in two in order to make duplicate cells. The cells have an equal number of chromosomes which will result in diploid cells. Mitosis is genetically identical and occurs in all living
During cell division, it is important for this information to reach to both daughter cells. The amount of chromosomes in the cells of progeny agreed with the number of chromosomes present in a cell of the parent is necessary amplification before distribution. After proliferation of each chromosome has a copy of which is connected so. telomere. At the time of the division of cells is observed in the condensation of chromatin into a short and thick chromosomes highly packed structure. Chromosomes in this embodiment can be observed in the
The membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Most of the cells we used in the experiments held, were multicellular or consisting of more than one cell. A variety of cells were used in completing the experiments. We used union cells, cheek cells, potato cells, and Elodeo cells. We also used Planaria which is a unicellular organism.
What is the cell cycle? It’s the way we reproduce. A series of events lead up from the beginning that which gives them life to the splitting of cells, The separate steps make up this very important process. Without the division of cells, we simply would not be here today.
Tissue culture allows for the clonal propagation of plant (production of multiple copies of the same genotype).