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Mitosis and meiosis difference between essay
Assignment on mitochondria
Compare contrast mitosis and meiosis
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Mitosis
July 21, 2005
Summary
In the lab exercise related to Mitosis, we view various slides containing cells undergoing Mitosis. We viewed 2 different specimens; a slide of an onion root tip and a slide of Ascaris eggs. Some of the cells are at different phases of Mitosis (Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase). We viewed it under HPO and LPO. Chromosomes were visible in both the LPO and the HPO although the spindle fibers were not very visible because of limitations in the light microscope. The exercise was successful because we were able to see different cells at different phases of Mitosis. We were able to discover the differences between each reaction and why Mitosis is divided into different phases. We were also able to label some of the parts in the cells undergoing mitosis. Overall, we discovered a lot of new things about Mitosis.
Abbreviations
LPO- Low power objective
HPO- High power objective
Introduction
What if your cells don't reproduce or increase in number? What will eventually happen if your arm was wounded by a knife? If cells don't reproduce, how will your arm heal? All living organisms contain cells and in order for them to grow, survive, and eventually reproduce, the cells in their body should be able to multiply. The repair of the damaged parts of different organisms also requires the cells to increase in number in order to replace the damaged ones. The growth of the cells of many organisms generally has 3 main phases; cell division, cell enlargement, and cell differentiation. The types of cell division are usually Meiosis and Mitosis, in which the latter maintains the chromosome number of parent cells to daughter cells. Mitosis is generally divided into five stages; ...
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..., and thus, energy will not be sufficient to power all of the cells. On the other hand, if mitosis don't occur, cells would die out, and fail to transmit their genetic code, thus becoming like dinosaurs: extinct.
Conclusion
In general, there are four stages of Mitosis, each contributing for the next stage and equally important for mitosis to proceed. Interphase, which is the bulk of cell life, prepares the cell to undergo mitosis. Spindle fibers, which help the chromosomes separate are comes from microtubules. Also, plants and animals have different ways to divide the cytoplasm; cell plate formation and cleavage furrow. Mitosis has many stages, but the end result is 2 daughter cells, with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
Bibiliography
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divide to make new blood cells. Once blood cells mature, they leave the bone marrow and enter
... middle of paper ... ... Pike, Robert M. 2013. "The Species of the World."
Each cell contains the same genetic code as the parent cell, it is able to do this because it has copied it’s own chromosomes prior to cell death. division. The. Meiosis consists of two divisions whilst mitosis is followed. in one division; both these processes involve the stages of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers. Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2011. 268-69. Print.
The process of mitosis can take place in either a haploid (23 chromosomes) or a diploid (46 chromosomes) cell. Before a cell can be ready for a mitotic division it must primarily undergo its interphase stage. Following the interphase stage several other stages come into play. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During each specific stage certain sequences of events take place that assist to the completion of the division.
Cell division is extremely important; cells must divide in order to maintain an efficient volume to surface area ratio, allow organisms to grow and develop, and repair any damaged tissue. Cells are able to do all this through two processes: meiosis and mitosis. Without these processes, humans would not be able to do many of the basic functions we are so accustomed to, including growing, healing even the smallest cuts, and even reproducing! However, meiosis and mitosis, although both procedures for cell division, are very different.
But what happens to cells that fail to pass a checkpoint during mitosis/meiosis? Well this is another part of apoptosis. There are 3 major checkpoints that determine whether a cell passes or fails, and whether or not they can go through. These checkpoints consist of the G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and the metaphase checkpoint. Proteins play the role of “traffic cops” and determine whether the cells are sufficient enough to be passed through the cycle. In the G1 checkpoint, the proteins check for nutrients, growth factors, and DNA damage. In the G2 checkpoint, the proteins check for cell size (whether it is big enough), and DNA replication. Finally, in the Metaphase checkpoint, the proteins check for the Chromosomes and spindle attachments. Moreover, in some cases, the cell fail these checkpoints, and this is where apoptosis comes in play. As stated before, apoptosis kills cells that are unwanted, or not helpful. If a cell fails a checkpoint during mitosis or meiosis, they are seen as unwanted, and possibly harmful to the body, therefore is fixed by apoptosis. As apoptosis destroys unwanted cells, mitosis (cell division) makes new cells. Ironically, apoptosis and mitosis work together to keep us healthy, because new cells replace old, worn-out
middle of paper ... ... World Book Inc, 2000. Davis, Lloyd S. and John T Darby. Penguin Biology. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc., 1990.
Audesirk, T. (2003). Life on Earth. In (Ed.), (3rd ed., pp. 581-620). New York: Pearson Custom Publishing - Prentice Hall, Inc..
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The process of cell division plays a very important role in the everyday life of human beings as well as all living organisms. If we did not have cell division, all living organisms would cease to reproduce and eventually perish because of it. Within cell division, there are some key roles that are known as nuclear division and cytokinesis. There are two types within nuclear division. Those two types being mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis and meiosis play a very important role in the everyday life as well. Mitosis is the asexual reproduction in which two cells divide in two in order to make duplicate cells. The cells have an equal number of chromosomes which will result in diploid cells. Mitosis is genetically identical and occurs in all living
Zacherl, Danielle. “Biology 171 Evolution and Biodiversity.” National Association of Research in Science Teaching 2007 Annual Meeting, New Orleans LA. (2007):n. page. Print.
There are certain things that must happen first before the cell can actually split. There is a six step process required during Mitosis. The first five steps of mitosis are called prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. This is where all the training and preparation is done for cell division. The sixth step is Cytokinesis, and that is when the cell literally splits into two. Like I said, there are certain things in order to happen before it can enter the M phase. first, it must meet the requirements of the certain size and environment. Since in the S phase the cell duplicated it’s amount of chromosomes it be represented as 2N, where N equals the number of chromosomes in the cell. Cells about to enter M phase, which have passed through S phase and replicated their DNA, have 4N chromosomes. Because of this they are now allowed to enter within the M phase to prophase. Here is where the cell thickens up its chromosomes and begin to sprout microtubules from clone centrosomes. Microtubules tub-like are protein filaments and where the chromosomes migrate but are still within the nuclear envelope in the nucleus. There are centromeres, that are inside the chromosomes and during the later process of this phase, specialized microtubules called kinetochores, assemble on the centromere then later attach to these sites. They act like magnets and go