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Early and high classical greek ap art history
Early and high classical greek ap art history
Greek art periods essay
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The Classical era of Ancient Greek art greatly reflected the values and beliefs the Greeks held. The ideas of unity and simplicity were the cornerstones of the Classical age and this is exemplified in the statues of the Kroisos Kouros and later, during the rebirth of Classicism, in Michelangelo’s David. During the Classical period sculptures showed man not as he is, but how he ought to be, a perfected version of nature. The Kroisos Kouros or Anavaysssos Kouros was found in Attica and is believed to date back to 530 BCE. There were hundreds of Kouroi made as the archaic period drew to a close and the birth of Classicism begun. The Kouroi were used as grave markers and votive offerings to the Gods The Anavaysssos Kouros is carved from marble …show more content…
In comparison with the Kroisos Kouros, the David seems to be the very picture of perfection embodying all the Classic Ancient Greek ideals of order symmetry and proportion. Compared to the Kouros, whose anatomical features are shown in an almost geometric way, Michelangelo’s David is very animated and lively. He is based upon the biblical hero by the same name, depicted just before his battle with Goliath. He stands with his weight resting on his right leg while his left is slightly bent, displaying the contrapposto pose, exhibiting diagonal tension in his body typical of Classical sculptures. Although extremely lifelike his pose seems to be almost meditative as if he is planning the defeat of his nemesis. His right hand rests at his side holding a stone while his left is reaching for the near invisible sling from his back. David’s sling, which is carved on his back, is very faint in this piece and one could construe that Michelangelo wanted to emphasise David’s intellectual prowess over his fighting abilities. Further evidence for this argument is that the David’s head and hands have been slightly exaggerated and made larger, maybe emphasising David’s thought process. It is more likely, however, that because the David was originally meant to stand well above the ground, within the ceiling of a cathedral, that Michelangelo simply exaggerated these features so the David would look proportionate from a low vantage point. Michelangelo’s supreme
It is thought by art historians that the Greeks took the idea of building these monumental stone sculptures, such as the kouros, from Egyptian art. Lysippus, the court sculptor to Alexander the Great, challenged the Classical canon of proportions previously used and began creating sculptures with smaller heads and more slender figures just as the Egyptians did. These proportions mimic the canon of ideal proportions the Egyptian artists used when creating their sculptures. The Egyptians employed the use of a standardized grid of twenty-one squares which lent a geometric and stiff appearance.
The Egyptians had influenced Early Greek art for several years; it was during the time of war (Archaic Period) and art was not their top priority. Most of their sculptures were similar to those in Egypt and there was no sense of personal style. However, as peace was approaching, artists started to focus on how to make their work outstanding. They took advantage of their knowledge in anatomy and started applying it to their blocks of marbles. During the early Classical Period, Kritios Boy was sculpted, and it showed the break from the Egyptian style.
This invention distinguish his David from any other David Statue before him. At Bernini’s ear, David was a popular subject in Italy. At that time Italy did not have a powerful central government, and cities were seeking for their independence. The story of David killed Goliath and won the independence of Israel was understand as a symbol of independent. Therefore the statue of David also had political meanings. The two most famous David were from Donatello and Michelangelo. Donatello made two David, one was marble and one was bronze, but the ideas behind them are same. Donatello’s David stood still. He had successfully achieve his goal and killed Goliath, whose head lying at his feet. Michelangelo’s David was nude and had perfect athletic muscles and proportion, and fairly smooth flesh. His body was so perfect that made him immortal and divine. He had not yet embarked on the actual combat but would departure instantly. He stood still confidently. Michelangelo’s David was actually much more vivid than Donatello’s. Nevertheless, when compared to Bernini’s David, even the former seems lack the sense of motion. Bernini made his David a mortal. Bernini expressed a man in the middle of his ferocious action in an ultra realistic
Donatello is the first and only artist out of the three (himself, Michelangelo and Bernini) to sculpt David where he is standing victorious over the head of Goliath. His first version of David shows a young hero dressed in robes in a somewhat cocky position. His left hand is placed on his hip while he bears a neutral facial expression. The head of Goliath is placed between his feet while he stands in a slight
Anticipated similarities exist between the Roman copy of Doryphorus and Donatello’s David, for the former replicates a product of Classical Greece while the latter is reminiscent of this artistic epoch (The Renaissance was a “re-birth” of this classical form). However, though formal qualities of Classical Greece may be present in David, they are uncharacteristically fashioned; therefore, major degrees of difference are established in terms of characterization. While Doryphorus is a typical example of reconciling idealism and naturalism, Polykleitos does not provide a depth of narrative subtext to this figure. On the other hand, Donatello overtly characterizes David through his effeminate if not androgynous form to deliver a powerful narrative (Duro). From the stance and posture of each sculpture to the use of nudity, Polykleitos’s Doryphorus and Donatello’s David present similarities accountable for in a historical context; however, the obvious structural differences must be
Marble statue of a kouros (youth), Greek, Attic, ca. 590-580 B.C. Fletcher Fund, 1932. Accession number: 32.11.1
Where one is a bronze statue with a singular figure, the other is a painting with a central figure, from which the story is built. However, their contrasts go beyond what they are made of, to their different subjects and their complexity. Donatello’s David shows youthful beauty and strength, which he confidently exudes through his body language. Standing with one foot atop Goliath’s severed head while turning his body to balance his weight to the other leg, this statue is a clear example of Contrapposto, which the Greeks invented and introduced into their sculptures. Donatello’s statue of David stands triumphant and proudly atop his trophy, while telling the audience I am the conqueror of Giants. His expression is stern to match his
The Archaic Period (600-590 B.C.) is the start of a transformation headed for a more realistic representation of the human form. One type of sculpture that surfaced in this period is the korai, sculptures of women dressed in draped clothing representative of ancient Greek attire. Kore (maiden), can be seen at the Louvre in Paris, dated 630 B.C. and to most likely be from Crete. Another important sculpture of the period is known as the New York Kuoros (Youth) is a depiction of a nude young man, dated around 600-590 B.C. and can be seen at the Metropolitan Museum. Although the sculptures look stiffly frontal like in Egyptian art, their figures have a more naturalistic approach.
Bernini’s “David” is 5 foot, 7 inches tall and was made in the year 1623. It is from the Baroque period, a time of discovery, exploration and increased trade. Bernini’s “David” is a three-dimensional sculpture that gives the viewer the ability to relate the image with one’s body and not only in one’s mind. Bernini wanted to show the intensity and dramatic tension in the hero David as he prepares to cast the stone from the sling. In contrast to the intensity of Bernini’s David, Michelangelo’s “David” looks much more contemplative, statuesque and less “life-like” than Bernini’s. This marble sculpture, unlike Michelang...
Michelangelo’s David does not react with the surroundings but it stands alone with the little movements disguised behind it. The sculpture brings out David as a soldier preparing for war and not a person engaged in a battle (Miller, Vandome, & McBrewster, 2010). The hands are larger than normal and the arms are longer than his body. This is meant to illustrate the renaissance period. In contrast, the Bernini’s David has aspects of motion, showing that he was already engaged in the battle with Goliath. The idea of movement is enhanced by the loosely flowing robes. In addition, the sculpture demonstrates that unlike Michelangelo’s David that has longer hands, Bernini’s David has contracted muscles. The Michelangelo’s sculpture was created during Renascence period while the Bernini’s sculpture was done during the Baroque period.
Ancient Greece has set the tone for the standard of how great sculptures were crafted. Therefore, a classic example of this form is the Fallen Warrior from the East Pediment, taken from the ruins of the temple of Aphaia. With its mythology and architectural styles, Ancient Greece has undoubtedly changed the way sculptures were made and still inspires many artists to this day.
Perhaps one of the most defining and easily identifiable aspects of the ancient Greek culture was the immortalization of humans and gods in sculpture. Sculpture had existed in the world for thousands of years before the ancient Greeks made their stake in the art, but the Greeks added an entirely new set of aspects to their sculptures. Unlike the Egyptian and Mesopotamian sculpture centuries earlier, the Greeks set forth not just to capture the image of a man but to capture that which made him a man. The Greeks set in place three base tenants to display the tone of a sculpture. Through the use of Humanism, Realism, and Idealism the ancient Greeks were able to capture humans and gods forever in marble.
The masculine and idealized form of the human body is an ever-present characteristic of Michelangelo’s sculpture. Many people over the years have speculated why this may be, but there has never been a definitive answer, and probably never will be. Through all of his sculpture there is a distinct classical influence, with both his subject matter and his inclination to artistically create something beautiful. In most cases, for Michelangelo, this means the idealized human figure, seeping with contraposto. This revival of classical influences is common for a Renaissance artisan, but the new, exaggerated form of the human body is new and unique to Michelangelo’s artistic style.
If one was to look closer they would be able to detect the veins popping on David’s arms. Not just one part of his body but David’s entire figure including his legs are masculine. The body is seen in a contrapposto stance which is when the weight of the body is placed on the right leg while the left leg stands free, which allows the hips and shoulder to be at rest at different angles. The contrapposto creates a slight s-curve to the torso which was a common form for sculptors during the Italian Renaissance era. Michelangelo incorporates the use of topos by keeping the traditional convention of the s-curve form of the Italian Renaissance era so he can better connect with the common styles known to his audience which therefore makes his logical appeal of a man’s body being aesthetic easily acknowledged (Harris, Zucker).
David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504 by Michelangelo. The colossal statue of the Old Testament hero stands over 17 feet tall. Commissioned by the city of Florence, the statue originally stood in the Piazza Della Signoria. The historical figure of David is the city’s patron saint and therefore a popular subject in Florentine art. The city gave Michelangelo a giant slab of flawed marble to work with that another sculptor had abandoned years before.