2. Management of Mechanical, chemical and electrical hazards within the plant: 2.1 Mechanical Hazard: The primary hazards present by mechanical hazards: 2.2.1 Entanglement: 2.1.2.1 The common causes of Entanglement: • workers are wearing loose clothing or other clothing which have trailing drawstrings. • Failing to disconnect power before clearing blockages • Carrying out maintenance while the machine running or operating 2.1.2.2 The consequences of Entanglement: Losing figure, injury, loosing cloth, long hair, eye injury 2.1.2.3 Control measure Entanglement of hazard: Wearing appropriate clothing Provide warning sing Instructions for using all types of machinery Maintain the machine in safe position while it’s off. 2.2.2 Impact …show more content…
Inhalation of toxic fumes usually accidental due to human error or equipment failure. 2.3.1.1 The causes of Breathing toxic fumes : • presence of toxic chemicals as dust in the air • breathe fuel oil vapors • While filling machinery petrol or diesel , worker might be inhaled with high concentration • Industrial burning of oil and coal combustion • Spill of toxic chemicals • Exposure to fracking fluids. • gasoline fumes 2.3.1.2 The Consequences of Breathing toxic fumes : • Inhalation of this toxic fumes result chemical pneumonia, poisons, air hunger (feeling that you cannot get enough air), cough and difficulty breathing. 2.3.1.3 Control Measure of Breathing toxic fumes : Ensure that the air velocity is enough to remove airborne contaminants. Increases ventilation Wear proper PPE in working area Follow the role and regulation in work …show more content…
• Close valves or other devices which may provide a possible fuel source or migration path for a fire or flow. • Evacuate all personnel from the area 4. Analyze the environmental aspects of the plant 4.1 Impact of Environment In oil and gas refinery there are a lot of processes going on and it has a lot of impacts in different area, sea, land and air 4.1.1 Air Emissions Emissions of benzene, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and mercury compounds this product come out from burning oil and it effect ozone layer which cause air pollution. Also that kind of air pollutions is one of the toxic pollutions, which directly affects the human health seriously and its cause danger disease such as cancer and birth defects, respiratory system problem. Burning of crude oil and petroleum which consist from small amounts of nitrogen and sulfur which react with the environment and surrounding to product secondary poisonous chemicals. Control
Carbon monoxide is a major component in smoke from fires. It can cause a loss of mental acuity, acute nausea and severe headaches (Reinhardt 33). Death can occur at extreme levels of this intoxication and it can even cause shortness of breath and dizziness (Reinhardt 35). It may not seem like it is that bad, but one must consider that these things add up and can really affect their health and well-being. The carbon monoxide levels tend to shoot up when the wind speed goes up during daily exposure (U.S. Department of Agriculture 3). It also depends on what kind of duties you have as a firefighter; because those with the highest level of carbon monoxide in their system were a part of the direct attack and those with the least were the fire starters (U.S. Department of Agriculture 3). Carbon monoxide is a powerful poison that can kill you and it is absolut...
The release of the hazardous material or exposure to the fire that ensues results in the need to evacuate 25 or more people
The effects of inhalant use are many. Almost all the abused products offer effects similar to those of anesthetics, which are slowing down the body functions. Depending upon the dosage, the user may feel a slight stimulation, less inhibition, or lose consciousness altogether. There is also something called Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome. This means that the user can die after one inhalant use or after many. Immediate effects inhalants offer are nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, feeling/looking tired, bad breath, lack of coordination, and loss of appetite. There is considerable damage to ones heart, kidney, brain, liver, bone marrow, and other organs. Mothers who use inhalants during their pregnancy will leave their baby to suffer similar results of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. There are many long terms effects as well. Permanent brain damage can occur. A person doesn’t even have to be doing it for very long before the brain starts to get clogged. Loss of memory is one of the first signs of brain damage.
Automobiles are the cause of 60 percent of our air pollution today (Dewees 214). There are four main sources in which pollution comes from an automobile. The first, on a hot day the sun will heat the gas tank of the car, this in turn causes vapors from the gasoline to leak from the fuel tank. Second, when the car is simply running the engine becomes hot and causes the engine and exhaust system to release gasoline vapors. Third, after a car is turned off and parked, gasoline vapors continue to be emitted because the engine is still hot from running. And lastly, when you go to the gas station to refill your gas tank vapors are forced out of the tank into the air.
The oil & gas industry is among the largest industries in the world. The sector generates large revenues and employs a large number of people in order to meet the worldwide demand for energy.
There are many kinds of air pollution. The ones I want to talk about are the ozone, acid rain, carbon monoxide and toxic air contaminants. Ozone is formed when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide react in sunlight. Therefore, ozone is at its peak during hot summer days. Exposure to high levels of ozone can have serious consequences on your health. It can cause respiratory disease, loss of pulmonary elasticity, and premature aging of our lungs. Next, is acid rain, which occurs in the atmosphere in the form of sulfur and nitrogen oxide. These pollutants can have serious damaging affects on aquatic, forest and wildlife ecosystems, as well as deterioration of buildings. Carbon monoxide is another form of pollution. It reduces the blood?s ability to carry oxygen. If a human is exposed to higher levels, it can cause chest pains, angina attacks or even death.
The effects of using fossil fuels are starker than their timelines. Humans release approximately two billion metric tons of pollution annually, mostly from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas; this pollution is destroying our environment and the ozone layer. Ozone and smog damage forests, crops, and other plant life, and reduces visibility. Other pollutants have the same
causes many respiratory diseases (http://www.thetruth.com/issues/tbtc/behind.cfm).
Ozone can cause part of your lungs to close off and make it harder to breathe.
When an engine burns diesel fuel, a harmful byproduct is produced; the byproduct can be referred to as particulate matter, diesel exhaust, or soot (Diesel Engines and Public Health; Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust). People are exposed to this mixture of toxic gases and miniscule particles simply by inhaling air, which allows the soot to enter the lungs (Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust). There are immediate health effects as long as prolonged health effects (Diesel Engines and Public Health; Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust). Immediate effects include irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs; coughing, light headedness, headaches, and nausea can also occur (Diesel Engines and Public Health; Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust). Some of the prolonged effects are respiratory illness, cardiovascular illness, cancer, and or premature death (Diesel Engines and Public Health; Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust). While everyone is exposed to the pollution given off by diesel engines, children, the elderly, and those with respiratory complications are most likely to be affected by diesel pollution (Diesel Engines and Public Health). In conclusion, diesel emissions are not only harmful to the environment, but they are also very harmful to
• Pipeline: pipeline transports unrefined petroleum and characteristic gas from oil fields to refineries and afterward to the core of the dial.
Technological and accidental hazards can be occur without warning and can be both hazardous material incidents and failures at nuclear power plant. In some cases, victims that have been exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation show little to no symptoms until several years later. There are an increasing number of new substances and chemicals being manufactured which has increased the likelihood of a hazardous material spill or release. This also increases the risk to the environment and to the health and safety of a community.
A hazard is defined as an activity or object that has the potential to cause harm if contact is made with the person, object or activity (MHS, 1996; Harmse, 2007; HSE, 2006). These hazards in a work place need to be identified and dealt with accordingly to prevent any harm to employees or any individual acquainted to a certain activity or establishment. The key roles and principles of occupational hygiene are Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation and Control (Schoeman and van den Heever, 2014; Harmse, 2008; SAMTRAC, 2012). To practise in accordance to the above principle; a hazard identification and risk assessment needs to be conducted. Anticipation is the foreseeing of the activity
These fuels include coal, oil products such as gasoline, and natural gas. Use of these fuels has a number of harmful health and environmental effects. According to the World Health Organization, outdoor air pollution, most of it from burning fossil fuels, especially coal kills at least 800,000 people each year and causes health problems for tens of millions of others. Technology is available to reduce such air pollution, but using it is costly and results in higher fuel
Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel--billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere.