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Gender issues in sport
Essay on masculinity in sports
Gender issues in sport
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The T.V. series Friday Night Lights ran from 2006 to 2011 and portrayed a small town in Texas where football reigns and fulfills both a social and cultural void for the small Texas town known as Dillon. The main character of the show Eric Taylor holds the position of head football coach for the East Dillon high school. A position which brings power and respect, consequently with power brings with it scrutiny under the eyes of the public. The show in its first couple seasons shows the stereotypical authenticity of an American small town. A town filled with religion, patriotism, and tradition, all of which stem from the role in which football plays. Where every male is expected to play on Friday, and be in church on Sunday, parents push their …show more content…
kids hard both on and off the field and where masculinity is expected out of all of its participants. However, as the show progresses, one can begin to see the battle that the male characters face in masculinity and the challenges that they face when faced with oppositions that could make them be seen as less of a man in a small Texas town where everybody knows everybody’s business.
The culmination of this struggle with masculinity can be seen during the twelfth episode of the fifth season in which Eric Taylor’s wife, Tami Taylor, wishes to take a job that would not only make her the bread winner for the family, but would also require them to leave Dillon. This episode is the pivoting point in the series for not only Eric Taylor but for other characters in their relationship with …show more content…
masculinity. What the show Friday Night Lights does in the beginning of the series is set up the ideal masculinity within its male characters. Men who wield respect in their community, act tough and never cry, this Hetero-Masculinity can be seen when comparing the female cast of the show who can be seen as emotional, crying often and are often placed in situations where help from the male characters is needed. However as the series begins to progress one can see the character’s role with masculinity to begin to change to less “authentic” masculinity and begin shaping into a more realistic portrayal as they deal with issues within both the public and private sphere of small town Dillon. The male characters begin to show more emotions than they had in the beginning of the series. The epitome of the change can be seen in the episode mentioned above where Eric Taylor is confronted with options of relinquishing the title of top earner in his family in order to make his wife happy. Tami Taylor says during the episode "I've been a coach's wife for 18 years. It's my turn". It is during this episode that shows the conflict between the public opinion and the private life in the face of masculinity. While letting his wife take the job would improve his home life, allowing the two spouses to become equal and work together, the public opinion of Eric Taylor may be tarnished because he was not able to provide his wife with enough for her to simply stay home and be a wife. Ultimately Eric Taylor supports his wife in her decision to take her new job offer, showing the transformation from the earlier seasons where such a thing would have never happened. What the viewer sees as the program progresses into the later seasons is the change in view in which the male characters change their view on masculinity.
Masculinity in the show shifts away from the American hegemonic view, one of toughness, rough, and in your face and shifts to being constructed around not one thing that makes a man, but the culmination of making the right decisions for themselves both in the public and private spheres of their life and taking care of the ones they love are what truly make a man. It is this new construction of masculinity in Friday Night Lights that separates it from other authentic American football shows and movies where the men must always act tough no matter what issues they are faced with. This shift in the representation of masculinity on prime time television is not just being done by Friday Night Lights. Other shows such as the Big Bang Theory are revolutionizing main characters in shows, which portray males. The Big Bang Theory is a show where the four main characters are male scientist in California. They are in no way deemed the stereotypical males; they are scrawny, love comic books and have sub par social skills. However the show has become one of the most popular primetime shows currently on T.V. What both Friday Night Lights and the Big Bang Theory show is that American primetime T.V. is shifting away from the stratification of masculinity, meaning the hierarchy of men is slowly dispersing in pop culture as it becomes more
acceptable to be a seen as a man for a variety of reasons not just for the authentic hegemonic male which was the norm for so many decades. That does not mean that the essential characteristics that America has come to give men have all but disappeared. Men are still expected to never cry, to have muscle, be the breadwinner for their family, all things that represent the stereotypical American male. However the emergence of non stereotypical males as main characters on prime time television have helped to ease the gaze of society upon non-stereotypical male in today’s society. While the problem is nowhere near being fixed, these shows are some of the first steps in changing popular cultures view on masculinity and what a male must be in order to fit the category.
Even though the Permian Panthers had won a state championship the community wasn’t fond of black people. They wanted a state title but not all the recognition to go to Boobie Miles because he was a black running back. “He responded without the slightest hesitation. ‘ A big ol’ dumb nigger.” (Bissinger, 49) There are multiple accounts of harsh and unneeded racism thought the book. “ They started chanting something. Some said it was ‘Oreo Oreo!” The expectations of how the season will go is a huge conflict in Friday Night Lights. Two weeks before the season starts there is a watermelon feed for the players and families to come support. People would come to the Watermelon Feed with their children as if they feel it’s important for the little ones to see this spectacle at a young age and be awed by it. Even though people struggled financial and economic hardships, the lights of a Friday night game ignite their hopes and dreams of a better
Klumas, Amy L., and Thomas Marchant. “Images of Men in Popular Sitcoms”. Journal of Men’s Studies 2.3 (1994): 269. ProQuest. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.
In the prologue of Friday Night Lights, by H.G. Bissinger, football team, Panther, has players who have fears/problems to overcome before a important game with their biggest rival the Midland Lee. The main characters include Boobie Miles who had dealt with a tragic accident on his knee the last game he played causing him to get surgery leading him to not play as well as he did before, Jerrod McDougal who knows he can’t make a collage team because of his height, Mike Winchell who lives in poverty with his mother, Ivory Christian who has a love/hate relationship with football, and Brian Chavez who is a gifted football player and student being on top in every class.
In Kimmel’s essay “’Bros Before Hos’: The Guy Code” he argues that the influence of society on masculinity is equal to or greater than biological influences on masculinity. In the essay, Kimmel uses various surveys and interviews to validate his argument. He points to peers, coaches, and family members as the people most likely to influence the development of a man’s masculinity. When a man has his manliness questioned, he immediately makes the decision never to say or do whatever caused him to be called a wimp, or unmanly. Kimmel’s argument is somewhat effective because the readers get firsthand accounts from the interviewees but the author does not provide any statistics to support his argument.
The concept of masculinity is considered as the qualities and characteristics of a man, typical what is appropriate to a man. In this article, A Community Psychology of Men and Masculinity: Historical and Conceptual Review, The author Eric S. Mankowski and Kenneth I. Maton, analyze four main themes: "Men as gendered beings, the privilege and damage of being a masculine man, men as a privileged group, and men’s power and subjective powerlessness. The second and fourth themes are described as
The media is a powerful tool and has the ability to influence and change one’s overall perspective of the world and the position they play in it. Although Television shows such as Friday Night Lights are seen as entertainment by consumers, its storyline contributes to the social construction of reality about class in the United States.
In both of these series, representations and meanings of masculinity and femininity are affected by the ideology of patriarchy. Even though it is true that these shows tried to fight back against stereotypical representations of men and women, the subtle textual evidence in these shows show that there are limits to how gender norms can be represented on television, especially in the Classic Network
All over the world Masculinity has many different cultural definitions. Depending where someone is from, and what they were brought up to believe, defines what the term “masculinity” entails. Different Social institutions all over the United States, such as the military, sports, clubs, and fraternities, have been constructing their interpretation of masculinity. One major social institution that is active in thousands of Universities across the United States is campus fraternities. Campus fraternities create their own sense of masculinity by generating certain requirements and characteristics a man must hold in order to represent them as a part of their fraternity.
In 1996, the Wachowskis wrote and directed the noir crime thriller, Bound. In this film, the directors turned some of the archetypes of film noir on its head. Most notably, the role of women in film. Film theorist, Laura Mulvey, claims that the main role of women in film is to function as a source of pleasure, to be objectified, to be passive and at the command of male fantasy. This relationship of looking and being looked at causes each gender to have a particular presence within film; the male is active and the female is passive (Mulvey, 1975). However, in Bound, the character Violet, who is obviously objectified by the gaze of the male characters, does not hold a passive role within the film itself. Violet is a force that acts upon the narrative, manipulating events and scenes to her favor, along with actively controlling male gaze and using it to her advantage. Film theorist, Tania Modleski argues that there are passive and active roles within films that have connotations with “femininity” and “masculinity”, but these roles do not have to apply to the gender or outward appearance of characters that they align with. Modleski focuses more on the actions, not the outward appearances, of the film
Goisman, Matt. "Book Review: Friday Night Lights." Sports of Boston RSS. Sports of Boston, 9 July 2010. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
Masculinity is described as possession of attributes considered typical of a man. Hegemonic masculinity is a form of masculine character with cultural idealism and emphasis that connects masculinity to competitiveness, toughness, and women subordination. Masculinity hegemonic is the enforcement of male dominion over a society. Masculine ideology dates back to the time of agrarian and the industrial revolution in Europe when survival compelled men to leave their homesteads to work in industries to earn a living for their families while women remained at home to take care of family affairs (Good and Sherrod 210). Women did not work in industries then because industrial labor was considered too physical beyond their capacity. This led to definition of roles which placated the position of men in a society while condemning women as mere subordinates who cannot do without men. The critics of gender stereotypes in America describe the following five hegemonic features of masculinity: frontiersman ship, heterosexuality, occupational achievement, familial patriarchy, and physical force and control (Trujillo 4). The advent of the 20th century led to sweeping changes in American masculinity.
The Bro Code: How Contemporary Culture Creates Sexist Men. Dir. Thomas Keith. Media Education Foundation, 2011.
Myers mentioned in his article that this generation of young discouraged, angry men feels abandoned with the today’s norms. Male movie stars and athletes have further influenced the masculine norms. In males perspective, liking a feminine color, doing feminine actions, listening to specified girl music is considered to be less manly. These have greatly affected the likes and dislikes of many men. The entertainment industry has created a big gap between what is masculine or feminine. This has caused a big separation and it's getting worse. Male are taught to be man of the house, strong, and powerful, but sometimes they’re belittled by society that they can’t do certain things and all the power is
According to common conceptions of machismo, the ideology of masculinity is set upon the stereotypical ideals, which, America has towards the idea of manhood. In the short story, “Brokeback Mountain”, Proulx uses masculinity as the singular focal point within the text. This melancholy tale of two young cowboys, that emerges into a sexual and emotional connection that truly can’t exist. We often see cowboys as virile men saddling a horse or lone men gathering sheep in a valley, but they’re never been depicted as anything other than that. As we’re introduced to Ennis and Jack, they’re nowhere short of the of the common cowboy stereotype. Proulx makes that apparent when she states, “Ennis, high-arched nose and narrow face, was scruffy and a little cave-chested, balanced a small torso on long, caliper legs, possessed a muscular and supple body made for the horse and for fighting” (3). Indicating that young Ennis and Jack are just like any other cowboys. But when young Jack and Ennis meet on Brokeback Mountain, their sexuality doesn’t eliminate their masculinity. It rather confuses it and compromises their sexuality. No matter the acts that these two men may choose to consume their selves to act upon, their masculinity is evident throughout the text. Initially, instead of removing their masculinity, their sexual identity complicates their manhood. “I’m not no queer”, stated Ennis, which makes it evident that these men are aware of their masculinity (7). Aware of the complexity of their relationship Ennis says, “if you can't fix it you've got to stand it”, meaning that he knew the relationship between him and Jack was corrupt but he didn’t know how to stop it. The complicated situation between Ennis and Jack threatened societal norms by...
Tate, Julee. "From Girly Men To Manly Men: The Evolving Representation Of Male Homosexuality In Twenty-First Century Telenovelas." Studies In Latin American Popular Culture 29.(2011): 102-114. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Mar. 2014.