Marx Vs Mazzini

Despite being known for very distinct ideologies, similar themes can be drawn from the respective works of both Karl Marx and Joseph Mazzini. While conveying two different accounts of freedom, both Marx and Mazzini stray from – and actively renounce – the accustomed liberal doctrine of “natural rights.” Marx’s concept of individual liberty lies in overcoming alienation, whereas Mazzini argues that freedom can never be actualized without national determination. Essentially, Marx offers the stronger rejection of “natural rights,” although both arguments possess their own constructive rationale and internal complications.
In Chapter V of An Essay on the Duties of Man, Joseph Mazzini details a very specific case for nationalism. He talks strongly

All of Europe is “haunted” by oppressive bourgeois rights, and all of Europe seeks to benefit from Marx’s offered solution. With Mazzini, however, there should be some speculation as to his sincerity, given his particular political goals. Mazzini’s foremost aspiration was the unification of Italy. As a result, it is possible that his argument (that natural rights are unimportant to individual liberty so long as national self-determination doesn’t exist) was solely reflective of the Italian national movement. Although he uses vague enough language and references all of humankind, it is not certain that Mazzini really believed his suggestions would benefit the whole world – and not just his own country of Italy. This all translates to Mazzini’s case being less genuine than Marx’s, and again shows that Marx provides the more persuasive

Marx laments over the many evils within the capitalist society and how natural rights only serve to cement these evils, but Mazzini places his prime focus on the nationalist cause. Marx’s ideal society has no room for natural rights, but Mazzini is more willing to compromise – and that is exactly why Marx’s critique of liberal constitutionalism is more persuasive than Mazzini’s.
Mazzini’s rejection of liberal doctrine is laced with holes, but one stands out as more glaring than the rest. Despite criticizing the true uniformity of rights, fundamentally, Mazzini still relies on the language of rights to justify and advance nationalism. Within his very criticism of rights, he affirms that a true country would have uniform rights. These rights would not be violated by class privileges or inequalities, and they would express the universal aspiration of the nation. In theory, at least, this causes him to be in agreement with the conventional liberal