Martin Luther Research Paper

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What were the key factors in the success of Luther’s ideas, and how did they impact the development of Germany as a nation state? Martin Luther was the central figure behind what we now know as the Reformation and the development of Protestantism in Germany and beyond. His translation of the Bible revolutionised the German language and brought the word of God to ordinary German people, meaning the Church no longer held a monopoly on knowledge of the scriptures. While Luther’s Bible united the common German people, it also caused a permanent rift in the Catholic church, the effects of which can still be seen in Germany today. In his Open Letter on Translation, Luther explains how he modelled his language after the language of the ordinary folk. …show more content…

At this time, Germany existed as an assortment of various states and cities under the Holy Roman Empire, rather than the modern concept of “Germany”. Luther was called upon to retract his views at the Diet of Worms in 1521, however he instead stood firm by his beliefs. Because of how political power in Germany was divided, Luther did not go into hiding as one would expect, however he was instead given protection by Elector Frederick, who sheltered him at Wartburg Castle. From the safety of Wartburg Castle, Luther completed his translation of the New Testament in September 1522, using Erasmus’ New Testament as a frame of reference. Luther’s translation was not the first – there were at least 18 German editions of the Bible prior to 1520. However, none had reached a level of success remotely comparable to that of Luther’s. After completing the New Testament, Luther began working on the translation of the Old Testament, which proved to be a much greater challenge, due to the length of the text and Luther’s limited knowledge of Hebrew. By 1534, Luther had published the complete version of his translation of the Bible. Like the previous German translations, the Catholic Church branded his work as heresy. Unlike the previous translations, the Lutheran Bible was being read at a pace the Church couldn’t keep up with. The Lutheran Bible had sold over half a million copies in Luther’s lifetime. By giving the lower classes access to the word of God in a language they could comprehend, Luther effectively weakened the influence of the Catholic Church in Germany, with many German states choosing to adopt Luther’s

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