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Gender and masculinity
Theories on gender roles
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Analysis
Studies show that most men and women who have a partner in old age are married. Among these couples, couples who are married for 17 years or longer ranked love as the top factor for keeping their marriages together. However some questions are raised about those individuals who are in their old age but are not married or are widowed or divorced. These questions surround the topic of remarriage in old age, elderly dating, and intimacy.
Iveniuk, J., Waite, L. J., Laumann, E., McClintock, M. K., & Tiedt, A. D article helps us understand some key reasons for conflict in previous or current marriages in old age. This category falls into the conflict theory because it shows how the dynamics of a marriage are affected and changed throughout illness and lack of positivity. The article showed that lack of positivity, and poor health was a main indicator for marital conflict, this leading to both divorce or depression. These findings also aid the understanding that men are better able to adapt to conflict and change thus allowing them to open themselves up into the senior dating world or even allow them to remarry with more ease if divorce or spousal death does occur due to the fact that in most cases men are more positive in dealing with spouses with poor health. This is most likely because respectable men feel the need to protect their loved ones while woman feel the need to protect their title as a mother, wife or simply woman. This allows this catagory to also fall under the labeling theory and also role theory as our self identity influence and determine our behaviour. If a woman views herself as a stressed individual she will carry out the attitudes and behaviors of a stressed individual. Woman carry a huge role as a “marri...
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...elf into the Interactionism theory. How we age sexually determines the amount of affection we need to feel from others to feel desirable. This relates to more than just elderly people it is a constant factor in every day life.
Conclusion
Overall the answer to the question “why is marriage in later life so much more different than marriage in earlier years?” is answered by the fact that as we age not only our bodies are changing, our values are changing, our options are changing, our outlooks on life and the way we deal with conflict are changing and our senses are changing. Elderly people experience things in extremely different ways than adolescence or middle aged people experience them. Who someone is when they marry at 24 is completely different than who they are when they remarry at 62 and cannot and should not be viewed to adhere to the same set of standards
In the article “Grounds for Marriage: How Relationships Succeed or Fail” by Arlene Skolnick talks a lot about how the attitudes towards marriages now a days is much different then what peoples attitudes have been in the past. The article talks about how there are two parts of every marriage “the husband’s and the wife’s”. This article touches on the affects cohabitation, and how cohabitation is more likely to happen among younger adults. This article talks about how the younger adults are more inclined to cohabitate before marriage, and that currently the majority of couples that are interring in to marriage have previously lived together. The article stats that some of the Possible reasons for couples to live together before marriage might include shifting norms
In this era we live in, we are brought up to think divorce is bound to happen. According to The American Psychological Association, “about 40 to 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce” and “the divorce rate for subsequent marriages is even higher.” Many adults decide that it is less messy to just live with one another rather than actually get married. This is beginning to drive the rates of marriage down. Many have speculated that relationships will continue to evolve, especially if the human lifespan continues expand. Fiction writers such as Drew Magary and real world scientists such as Aubrey de Grey have explored this very topic of relationships.
Aging and old age for a long time presented as dominated by negative traits and states such as sickness, depression and isolation. The aging process is not simply senescence most people over the age of 65 are not Senile, bedridden, isolated, or suicidal (Aldwin & Levenson, 1994). This change in perspective led the investigation of the other side of the coin. Ageing is seen as health, maturity and personal Royal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generatively, coping and acceptance of age-related constraints (Birren & Fisher, 1995). Psychological und...
Demeter, Debora (1998). The Human Sexuality: Sex and the Elderly. Retrieved November 10, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.umkc.edu/sites/hsw/age/
Slave marriages among other slaves and slave owners have always placed a social burden on the plantations and the government of the United States. What were the social issues that occurred as slaves had relations with other slaves or their masters? Government scandals, black salve owners, and law changes have all came about as part of the social discrepancies that came along with slave relations. Biographies of William Ellison, the first African American slave owner, will be scrutinized to see the social implications of a slave master owning slaves of the same ethnicity. Personal Journals written about the Thomas Jefferson and Sally Heming's case will be analyzed to see the government scandal placed on Jefferson’s slave relations. These social issues helped play out the course of slavery in the United States of America.
The first type of person who marries or wants to do so is known as the marriage naturalist. This tends to be the majority of rural populations who seem to still have similar views to that of former generations when it comes to the ultimate commitment. These traditional people see marriage as something that should be done as the next step of adulthood. Typically, marriage naturalists wed if the relationship has endured for long enough and the time feels right. For them, the transition into adulthood is fairly quick. Many go on to higher education for a short or average amount of time, or head directly into the work force. Instead of waiting for stability, they decide to make the plunge depending on how long the relationship has been going. It’s a steady flow, and usually based on the two people as a whole instead of each person as an individual. As a result,...
“In Western cultures, more than 90 percent of people marry by age 50. Studies show that healthy marriages are good for couples’ mental and physical health” (“Marriage and Divorce,” 2014). For children, growing up in happy homes help with their mental, physical, educational, and social well-being. Unfortunately, about 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The rate is even higher for subsequent marriages (“Marriage and Divorce,” 2014). The social institution influence (structural) differs from the individual influence (life choices) in divorce by the scope of perception on why divorce occurs (Amato, & Previti, (2003). The perspective of structural issues would include gender, social class, and external pressures. Individual influences can be attributed to infidelity, drug and alcohol use, along with physical and emotional abuse. While individuals in a marriage may grow and find new interests in their life, it is up to each couple to re-evaluate and mature as a team to find a mutual approach to growing old together and escaping divorce.
The study population was from the Later Life Study of Social Exchanges which was a five-wave, 2 year longitudinal study being non-institutionalized with English-speaking older adults who resided in the United States. The sampling frame came from the Medicare Beneficiary Eligibility List of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services consisting of information on nearly all older adults in the United States. Interviews began in 2000; wave 1 data collected 916 sample of older adults ranging from 65 to 91 years of age (M=74.13, SD=6.63). Of the total participants, 62 percent represented females; 83 percent were Caucasian; 54 percent were married or in marriage-like relationship, 34 percent were widowed, and the rest were separated or divorced being 8 percent and 4 percent were never married. All study participants closely resembled the older American population bas...
“Like most wives of our generation, we’d contemplated eventual widowhood but never thought we’d end up divorced” (Hekker 278). Traditional wives married for love and to follow th...
Poon, L. W. (2011). Affect and loneliness among centenarians and the oldest old: The role of
In an era of constant revolution, all industrialized countries are undergoing related processes of change in family life and social structures that have a collision on traditional caring arrangements and expectations of care. The question of living arrangements is at the heart of the discussion about care and support to older people of 65 and above. All through the life course, maintaining an independent living is considered as an expression of autonomy and this becomes particularly important in old age, where the possibility to decide on the preferred living arrangement cannot always be maintained. It is a fact that shared households between generations are on the decline in all modern countries, and are reducing the impact of cohabitation as a factor for family care. Family values and normative obligations are still strong, with high levels of cohabitation (Bumpass, L.L, & Sweet, J.A. 1995). Studies show that marital satisfaction is usually very high at the beginning of couple life, but declines consequently with the accretion of duties related to child rearing, work, domestic tasks, etc. Later in life, marital satisfaction is restored somewhat when the couple regains some intimacy (Kiernan, K. & Estaugh, V. 1993). In addition, studies show that marital distress or dissatisfaction is a problem for elderly people just as it is for other age groups. Statistics indicate that divorce and separation, formerly nearly nonexistent among people at this stage of their lives, are on the rise (Axinn, W. & Thornton, A. 1999). This life stage is that it is often the first time that the spouses find themselves in the same space on a day-to-day basis. A variety of problems that may have been concealed throughout their lives are very likely t...
Marriage is a very joyful event in a person’s life. However, unless much can be done in order to redefine the status of what marriage is all about, divorce and other marital problems will continue to arise tremendously. Divorce is tumultuous event in a married couple’s life. It does not only affect the financial status of the household, but rather it also affects the people that comprises the family especially the children. Families are experiencing many problems today, but the role of divorce in this picture has been frequently overlooked because its destructive effects have been subtle, yet insidious. When the divorce rate increased in the 1960s, few would have predicted its dire consequences three decades later. Yet divorce has changed both the structure and the impact of the family. Intimacy, time, effort trust and love is the key to have a peaceful and healthy relationship. Marriage for life is God's ideal, but divorce is a reality in our society.
The sudden socioeconomic transformation of the last century has substantially affected the tradition of marriage in modern society. Therefore, several alternatives to marriage have become available and grown to be more popular than marriage for today’s couples due to its suitability to current conditions. Some of these alternative statuses to marriage are cohabitation, divorce, or simply continuing to be single and this claim is supported through the findings of a recent study. The percentage of adults who are married has notably decreased from 1960 to 2008 by twenty percent (Pew Research Center). These statistics will not improve any time soon as “the average age at which men and women first marry is now the highest ever recorded” (Pew Research Center). These statistics may seem that society has lost a valuable part of life and the significance of two partners becoming one. However, from another perspective, it is a positive change in society where one or both partners do not lose their individuality and are equal, and are more accepting of other relationship choices.
is the most usual in which a man and a woman unite themselves in the
Marriage has gone through many changes throughout its history. It's earliest forms date back to the story of creation. It has developed a great deal since then. It is a simple fact that men and women can not survive without each other. Marriage is part of the created natural order, we were meant to be together.