Theory of Numbers
Mersenne
Marin Mersenne was a French number theorist who lived from 1588 to 1648. Mersenne attended the College of Mans, the Jesuit College, and then Sorbonne to study theology. In 1611, he joined the religious order of the Minims. Once in the order, Mersenne continued his studies at Nigeon and Meaux. He became a priest at the Place Royale. The area in Paris, where Mersenne taught, became a meeting ground for Fermat, Pascal, and others who later became the core of the French Academy. Mersenne’s involvement with other prominent mathematicians greatly contributed to the spread of mathematical knowledge throughout Europe at a time when there were no scientific journals. Mersenne’s prime research involved prime numbers.
A prime number is an integer with only positive divisors one and itself. The ancient Greeks proved that there where infinitely many primes and that they where irregularly spaced. Mersenne examined prime numbers and wanted to discover a formula that would represent all primes. The formula is (2p-1) where p is a known prime number. Mersenne claimed that if a number n=(2p-1) is prime then p=2,3,5,7,13,17,31,67,127, and 257, but composite for the other forty-four primes smaller than or equal to 257. He was wrong about five primes less than or equal to 257. He claimed 67 and 257 had a p that was prime and he also missed three that did have a p that was prime. He would never be able to accomplish the task of creating a formula to represent all prime numbers; however the form he created is still used today when searching for large prime numbers.
It is said that when history looks upon the life of an individual when their time has passed; it is not the dates on the tombstone that define the man but the dash in between. Such was the case in the life of theologian, philosopher and mathematician, Blaise Pascal. Pascal was born on the 19th of June 1623, in Clermont-Ferrand France and died at the age of 39 of tuberculosis on the 19th August 1662 in Paris, but the bulk of his career, his success and life achievement began in his early years. As a young boy, Pascal’s lost his mother and soon afterward his father moved the family, Blaise and his two sisters to Paris. Pascal’s father, Étienne Pascal was a mathematician himself and taught Pascal Latin and Greek, which at the time was considered
On January 8th, 1935 in Tupelo, Mississippi, the “King of Rock and Roll” was born. His name was Elvis Presley. He was the son of Vernon Presley who was a truck driver, and his mother was Gladys, a sewing machine operator. He had a twin brother named Jesse, but he was still born, leaving Elvis to grow up as an only child. His father was hardly around, and he was imprisoned for three years for forgery. Surrounding him as a child though, was the gospel music of the Pentecost church, where his love for music first took roots in his heart. In the fifth grade his teacher Oletta Grimes asked Elvis to participate in the talent contest on Children’s Day at the Mississippi – Alabama Fair and Dairy Show. At age ten, he donned his cowboy hat and slipped into a cowboy suit to sing in the talent show, but he was in need of a chair in order to reach the microphone. He sang his personal rendition of Red Foley’s “Old Shep”; it won him a second prize and a free ticket for all the numerous rides in the park. His following Birthday, he received his first guitar from the Tupelo Hardware Store and took lessons from his dad’s brother. In 1948 his family picked up their life and moved to Memphis, Tennessee. It was there that he was exposed to the rhythmic sound of the blues, as well as Jazz on Beale Street, where he grew up...
Now how Elvis changed the music culture has been argued if it was for the good or if it was for the worst. Elvis is in the top 100 most influential people and many argue that he should be taken off that list. Elvis was definitely very influential and was a very great guy that deserves to be on that list and has earned it. To start Elvis started his music career at age 19 with the legendary suns label in Memphis. At 19 he was already becoming
He took his teaching duties very seriously, while he was preparing lectures for his charge on variety an of topics about science. The first scientific work dates were all from this period. It involves topics, which would continue to occupy him throughout his life. In 1571, he began publication of his track. It was intended to form a preliminary mathematical part of a major study on the Ptolemaic astronomical model. He continued to embrace the Ptolemaic (Parshall 1).
In the essay “Why We Crave Horror Movie,” Stephen King describes that horror movies are beneficial for the people because we are all mentally ill. King explains that horror movie is a sort of release because everyone has a dark side in our body, so watching horror movie can keep the hungry alligators under control. People watch horror movie because they want to prove themselves that they are not afraid of a horror movie, and they are normal people too. King describes horror movie like a roller coaster, so people have enough courage to sit through the whole ride. People also enjoy seeing other people in danger. A horror movie can also keep the dark emotion down such as violence and aggression, and it allows people to remain happy and sane. A horror movie can
Many number theorists, who study certain properties of integers, have been trying to find formulas to generate primes. They believed that 2p-1 would always generate primes whenever p is prime. It turns out that if p is composite, then the number will also be a composite number. However, later mathematicians claimed that 2p-1 only works for certain primes p. For example, the number 11 is a prime because its divisors are only 1 and 11. In this case, 211-1 is 2047 and Hudalricus Regius showed that this number is composite in 1536 because 23 and 89 are factors of 2047. From then on, whenever a prime number can be written in the form of 2p-1, it is considered to be a Mersenne prime. Many conjectures have been made about p. Pietro Cataldi showed that 2p-1 was true for 17 and 19. However, he stated that it was also true for the prime numbers 23, 29, 31, and 37. Number theorists such as Fermat and Euler proved that Cataldi was
Elvis Aaron Presley, born on January 8, 1935 in Tupelo, Mississippi, grew up listening to gospel music of the Pentecostal church (rockhall 1). Presley “was the guy the guys wanted to be, and the guy girls wanted to date” (Di Luca 1). He influenced fashion, American dance, music, and became one of first rock and roll sensations. As Di Luca states in his article, “His talent, good looks, sensuality, charisma, and good humor endeared him to millions,” (1). Presley had a major lasting impact on fashion, American dance and sexuality, and music.
Blaise Pascal lived during a time when religion and science were clashing and challenging previous discoveries and ideas. Pascal lived from 1623 to 1662 due to his untimely death at the age of thirty nine. The scientific community grew enormously and Pascal was a great contributor to this growth. The growth in the scientific community is known as the Scientific Revolution. He lived in a time where an absolute monarch came into power, King Louis the XIV. Louis XIV was a believer in “one king, one law, and one faith” (Spielvogel, 2012). Pascal saw the destruction of protestant practices in France and the growth and acceptance of scientific discoveries. He used the scientific method to refine previous experiments that were thought to be logical but Pascal proved otherwise and eventually led to Pascal’s Law. He spent his life devoted to two loves: God and science. Within his book, “Pensees,” Pascal argues and shares his thoughts about God, science, and philosophy.
recognized as a writer. He became one of the most famous and well paid French
When Elvis was little, he moved very often. Only two things in his life were stable, his family and music. He was picked on a lot as a child because he came from a very poor family. He dyed his hair black and wore it in an unusual style and it made him look like a comic book character, Captain Marvel Jr. With problems at school, Elvis continued to surround himself with music. By high school, his family had moved all the way to Memphis Tennessee. Elvis had a style of music and singing that was all his own. He had taken all he had known and combined it into his own, different style. This style was so different than any other white person had done.
A mere mention of the term theatre acts as a relief to many people. It is in this place that a m...
Carl Friedrich Gauss was born April 30, 1777 in Brunswick, Germany to a stern father and a loving mother. At a young age, his mother sensed how intelligent her son was and insisted on sending him to school to develop even though his dad displayed much resistance to the idea. The first test of Gauss’ brilliance was at age ten in his arithmetic class when the teacher asked the students to find the sum of all whole numbers 1 to 100. In his mind, Gauss was able to connect that 1+100=101, 2+99=101, and so on, deducing that all 50 pairs of numbers would equal 101. By this logic all Gauss had to do was multiply 50 by 101 and get his answer of 5,050. Gauss was bound to the mathematics field when at the age of 14, Gauss met the Duke of Brunswick. The duke was so astounded by Gauss’ photographic memory that he financially supported him through his studies at Caroline College and other universities afterwards. A major feat that Gauss had while he was enrolled college helped him decide that he wanted to focus on studying mathematics as opposed to languages. Besides his life of math, Gauss also had six children, three with Johanna Osthoff and three with his first deceased wife’s best fri...
Horror films are a genre that many people enjoy. No one will ever completely grasp why it is that we crave it. Some believe it’s the thrill and others find it is the feeling of fear itself. According to Alan Jones, author of The Rough Guide to Horror Movies, fear is “… what we feel when anything frightens us or promotes terror or fear” (Jones, ix). Andrew Tudor disagrees. He presumes that the attempts of explaining horror’s appeal are not specific and do not explain all the reasons a mixed population enjoy horror (Tudor). Personally, I credit horrors charm to the thrill it provides the audience.
Food teaches, or illustrates, something meaningful about life, health, family, and culture. Although food keeps us alive there are many ways we misuse food. We can use the mistreatment of food to learn about our family, our health, and our culture. Abuse and mistreatment of food looks different for each person based on our culture and experiences in life. Ever since I was little, my family looked towards food for comfort. The most prominent time that sticks out to me was when my mom passed away. We were filling the void of our loss with the food we were deciding to eat. We weren’t eating healthy and we didn’t really care what was going into our bodies or how much we were putting in. Along with not eating healthy, we weren’t exercising or watching
The history of math has become an important study, from ancient to modern times it has been fundamental to advances in science, engineering, and philosophy. Mathematics started with counting. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000B.C. A place value notation system had evolved over a lengthy time with a number base of 60. Number problems were studied from at least 1700B.C. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems.