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The treaty of waitangi strengths and weaknesses
The treaty of waitangi strengths and weaknesses
The treaty of waitangi strengths and weaknesses
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Maori Land Issues
It^s a known fact that land issues have always been a major topic
within Maori and Pakeha race relations in New Zealand.
The disputes go back to the 1800 when the Treaty of Waitangi
was signed in 1840. According to the second article of the
Treaty, land could only be sold to the Crown if the owners
wished to sell them. Disputes over the government^s attempts
to buy more land at very cheap prices that were below the value
of the land was one of the many reasons that led to the New Zealand
Wars in the 185os and 1860s. As a result of the wars, under the New
Zealand Settlement Act in 1863, 800,000 hectares of Maori land was
confiscated by the government as a punishment for those tribes who
opposed the government. Bitterness over the land the Maori people lost
and sorrow over the people who lost their lives made an ugly scar in
the history of race relations in Aotearoa.
With the Native Lands Act in 1862 individual purchase of Maori
land was allowed. Although the confiscations caused bitterness
and resentment among those affected tribes, the work of The
Native Land Court led to far more land being lost, and this
affected all tribes. The Native Land Court was set up in 1865
with the intention of getting rid of the communal ownerships of
Maori land which was called individualisation so it could be
sold more easily. The Court had the intended effect: land sales
continues at an increasing rate. By 1911 only 10% of New
Zealand^s 66 million acres remained in Maori hands. In 1900
James Carroll, the first Maori Minister of Native Affairs,
passed a notable piece of legislation: a Maori Land
Administration Act which set up a Council which was based on
Carroll^s ^taihoa^ (wait and see) delaying policies. In the Council,
Maori owners were in majority, to administer the lease of Maori land.
The Council leased but sold very little land and this caused settler
discontent and in 1905, the Council were replaced by a European
dominated Boards. By the end of the Liberal^s time in office in 1912,
a further 3 million acres of Maori land had been sold.
Also Sir Apirana Ngata worked with James Carrolls on the Maori
Councils Act in 1900. After the Act failed to help Maori
people, Ngata decided that the best way he could change laws
and policies that affected Maori was through parliament. In
1905 he won the seat for Eastern Maori. As an MP Ngata could
This essay is about the land rights of of Australia and how Eddie Marbo was not happy about his land been taken away from him. In May 1982 Eddie Marbo and four other people of the Murray Islands began to take action in the high court of Australia and confirming their land rights. Eddie Marbo was a torres islander who thought that the Australian laws were wrong and who went to fight and try and change them. He was born in 1936 on Mer which is known as Murray Island. The British Crown in the form of the colony of Queensland became of the sovereign of the islands when they were annexed in1978. They claimed continued enjoyment of there land rights and that had not been validly extinguished by the sovereign. (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012)
George Orwell creates a dark, depressing and pessimistic world where the government has full control over the masses in the novel 1984. The protagonist, Winston, is low-level Party member who has grown to resent the society that he lives in. Orwell portrays him as a individual that begins to lose his sanity due to the constrictions of society. There are only two possible outcomes, either he becomes more effectively assimilated or he brings about the change he desires. Winston starts a journey towards his own self-destruction. His first defiant act is the diary where he writes “DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER.” But he goes further by having an affair with Julia, another party member, renting a room over Mr. Carrington’s antique shop where Winston conducts this affair with Julia, and by following O’Brien who claims to have connections with the Brotherhood, the anti-Party movement led my Emmanuel Goldstein. Winston and Julia are both eventually arrested by the Thought Police when Mr. Carrington turns out to be a undercover officer. They both eventually betray each other when O’Brien conducts torture upon them at the Ministry of Love. Orwell conveys the limitations of the individual when it comes to doing something monumental like overthrowing the established hierarchy which is seen through the futility of Winston Smith’s actions that end with his failure instead of the end of Big Brother. Winston’s goal of liberating himself turns out to be hopeless when the people he trusted end up betraying him and how he was arbitrarily manipulated. It can be perceived that Winston was in fact concerned more about his own sanity and physical well-being because he gives into Big Brother after he is tortured and becomes content to live in the society he hated so much. Winston witnesses the weakness within the prole community because of their inability to understand the Party’s workings but he himself embodies weakness by sabotaging himself by associating with all the wrong people and by simply falling into the arms of Big Brother. Orwell created a world where there is no use but to assimilate from Winston’s perspective making his struggle utterly hopeless.
Have you ever questioned the tax taken out of your hard-earned money? Questions similar to that are where the money is going and if it is being used properly. In the U.S. news recently those questions have been on a great deal of State’s minds; reaching back to 2003, this issue has been brought up time and time again. The main topic of tax money is the use of assistance money and are the recipients really using the money for the right reasons. There are many problems with the assistance program but the one that comes to mind the most is that many people abuse the money given to buy the essentials and provide, for their family for illegal drugs. The solution that many state representatives have come up with is drug testing as a requirement for assistance. This will eliminate the abuse of the assistance program; also it will cut down the cost of assistance which is very expensive as a whole.
The Civil War began on April 12, 1861 at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor when the Confederate army attacked Union soldier and ended on May 9, 1865 with a Union Victory. There are many events, laws, and people that provoked the Civil War. The two most important causes are slavery and the expansion of the United States causing an unbalance of free and slave states. This essay examines major events that initiated the war starting from the Compromise of 1820 to the election of 1860 and proves how the Civil War was inevitable.
The American civil war is one of the historic dark moments that are in the memory of the country was lasted for 4 years, between the years 1961-1965. The conflict that existed was between the north and the south states of the U.S. The conflict led to mass destruction of property and man lives were lost during the war. The war had a great impact in creating awareness in the U.S despite the great tension it created, and was the greatest determinant of the way the U.S is currently in terms of the sovereignty and the liberty of the U.S citizens. It is estimated that over 600,000 lives were lost in the four years’ war most of them being soldiers who were fighting to defend their respective states. The war did not only touch the lives of Americans but whole world felt its effect. The war was purely American since no other country intervened in the war (James & Michael, 17).
The 1850’s saw divisions between the north and south play out across many parts of America. From California to the Capital building Americans debated, sued, wrote, beat, and killed in defense of their beliefs. These escalating tensions led to the Civil War, and the death of 600,000 people.
There is an ongoing debate over whether or not welfare recipients should be drug tested to receive the benefits. Both sides of the argument have merit. Those who oppose the idea of drug testing say that it is unconstitutional and violates the Fourth Amendment. Furthermore, they claim that this law stereotypes and discriminates against those from low socioeconomic demographics, implying that because they are poor, they must be drug addicts. However, those who support the law note that its intended purpose is to ensure that taxpayer money is not being squandered on people who only plan to abuse this assistance. Only nine states so far have instituted drug testing of candidates for welfare assistance. This drug testing has proven to be prohibitively expensive in many cases. Consequently, some states only test subjects with whom they find suspicion, or who have admitted to past drug use. Though proposed drug testing of welfare applicants initially appears to be a good idea to eliminate potential abusers of the system from receiving assistance, it appears that even more money may be wasted on the testing process, which negates the savings that are the primary objective of the law.
Indigenous Australian land rights have sparked controversy between Non Indigenous and Indigenous Australians throughout history. The struggle to determine who the rightful owners of the land are is still largely controversial throughout Australia today. Indigenous Australian land rights however, go deeper than simply owning the land as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have established an innate spiritual connection making them one with the land. The emphasis of this essay is to determine how Indigenous Australian land rights have impacted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, highlighting land rights regarding the Mabo v. the State of Queensland case and the importance behind today’s teachers understanding and including Indigenous
2.Gunderson, Gerald, ?The Origins of the American Civil War? The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Dec., 1974): 916. Accessed on: http://www.jstor.org/ 03-04-02.
Jean Giddens (2013) defines culture as “a pattern of shared attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms, roles, and values that can occur among those who speak a particular language, or live in a defined geographical region.” (Giddens, 2013). A person’s culture influences every aspect that person’s life. Beliefs affected by culture include how someone interacts within the family, how to raise children, the types of foods eaten, the style of clothes chosen, which religion is practiced, and the style of communication (including verbal, and body language, slang used etc.) (Giddens, 2013). In addition to these beliefs, health care practices are also affected by culture. The cause
The word Schizophrenia has been used since 1911 on behalf of Eugen Bleuler. In 1887 it was just an independent mental illness recognized by Dr. Emile Kraepelin. It has been described in Ancient Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese, Greek, Roman writings with symptoms close to the symptoms of Schizophrenia now. During medieval times, Schizophrenia was just proof of the person being possessed by powers or evil spirits.
Shapiro, C. M. (2012). Eating disorders: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments [Ebrary version]. Retrieved from http://libproxy.utdallas.edu/login?url=http://site.ebrary.com/lib/utdallas/Doc?id=10683384&ppg=3
International trading has had its delays and road blocks, which has created a number of problems for countries around the world. Countries, fighting with one another to get the better deal, create tariffs and taxes to maximize their profit. This fighting leads to bad relationships with competing countries, and the little producing countries get the short end of this stick. Regulations and organizations have been established to help everyone get the best deal, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), but not everyone wants help, especially from an organization that seems to help only the big countries and those they want to trade with. This paper will be discussing international trading with emphasis on national sovereignty, the World Trade Organization, and how the WTO impacts trading countries.
The Treaty of Waitangi held many agreements and promises. It held many rights within it also. For the Crown, it granted the right to governorship, not sovereignty, over Maori land. But for Maori, there were many more rights for iwi and hapu that the Treaty contained. Maori were granted the right to full rangatiratanga of their lands, they had the right that the Crown would protect them from further invasion of their land and Maori were also given the same rights and privileges as British people. With the Treaty came many responsibilities to both the Crown and Maori. The Crown had a responsibility to govern the land, not possess the land, but merely guard it. In the Treaty of Waitangi the Crown granted Maori rangatiratanga over their lands, so the Crown had a responsibility to let Maori have chieftainship over their lands and taonga, and with that The Crown also had the responsibility to actively protect Maori and Taonga. The Queen, the Crown and all of Britain had a responsibility to honour the Treaty, in which th...