Abstract
This paper explores some of the manual therapy methods, and the effects on which different parts of the human body. While the paper focus more on the positive effects of the different styles of manual therapy, the paper also explores any available reports on any risk of adverse events involving with manual therapies. Carnes, Mars, Mullinger, Froud, and Underwood (2010) suggest taking drug therapy causes a greater risk than with manual therapy. According to A. Bokarius and V. Bokarius (2010), “manual therapy is a widely used method for managing such conditions, but to date, its efficacy has not been established (p. 451). The purpose of this paper is to define what manual therapy is and offers some examples of manual therapy techniques
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and what are they used to treat. Moreover, this paper also describes the education, scope of practice, and treatment claims of the different manual therapy practitioners. The paper provides a detailed case study of a successful treatment with manual therapy. Examples of Manual Therapy Techniques According to A. Bokarius and V. Bokarius (2010), chronic musculoskeletal pain affects the U.S.A increasing from 10% to 30%, and greatly costing the healthcare expenses about $100 billion. Therefore, the American population living with the effects of chronic pain would notice poor work performances, difficult doing normal daily activates, and taking addictive pain medications. Carnes et al. (2010) defined manual therapy, also called manipulation therapy “as any techniques administered manually, using touch, by a trained practitioner for therapeutic purposes” (p. 355). Manual therapies are commonly used to treat spinal disorders, musculoskeletal pain and disability mostly through massaging, mobilization, and manipulation of the soft tissue. Manual therapy is used by massage therapist, physical therapists, occupational therapists, osteopathic physicians, and chiropractors as a treatment in a wide variety of medical diagnoses, such as back pain, hip/knee pain, shoulder pain, and dysfunction related to the pelvic floor. Rice, Patterson, Wakefield, Reed, Breder, B. Wurn, and L. Wurn, (2015) explained “the intent of manual physical therapy is to decrease pain and increase mobility; its use is applicable to all areas of the body, from osseous structures to soft tissue, including skin and muscles (p. 37). Myofascial release (MFR) treatment is used to treat chronic back pain, neck pain, and headaches. MFR uses hands-on technique of applying gentle pressure into the Myofascial connective tissue to reduce pain and restore motion. MET, muscle energy technique, is a form of stretching the muscle and joint to strengthen the muscle and improve range of motion. According to A. Bokarius and V. Bokarius (2010), Strong evidence supports interventions of manipulation, muscle energy technique (MET), and spinal stabilization for treating chronic low back pain and knee pain with successful short-term and long-term recovery. “Nearly half of patients after manual therapy experience adverse events that are short-lived and minor; most will occur within 24h and resolve within 72h” (A. Bokarius and V. Bokarius, 2010). So while there are some adverse events, they effects are less than the effects of a drug. Paanalahti, Holm, Nordin, Asker, Lyander, and Skillgate (2014) illustrated in their article that the most common adverse events from spinal manipulation, spinal mobilization, stretching and massage were soreness in muscles, increased pain and stiffness. Massage therapists are award a certificate, diploma, or degree; moreover, massages are used to reduce pain and aid sleep.
Some states may or may not require a license or a certified massage therapists. Chiropractors treat by manipulation of the spine to reduce pain and improve function of life. Chiropractors’ level of education could start from a bachelor’s degree till a doctorate. Physical therapists and occupational therapists both provide habilitation and rehabilitation services to the patients. Both need to be licensed. Osteopathic physicians diagnose and treat (medication and surgery) illness of the joints and bones. Osteopathic physicians go through medical school and be board …show more content…
certified. A detailed case study of a successful treatment with manual therapy. According to Tomlinson and Archer (2015), nine patients with muscle tension dysphonia completed a minimum of 9 sessions of physical therapy including manual therapy, exercise, and stress management education intervention. The measurement of the result by using the numeric rating scale (NRS), Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI). The cervical and jaw range of motion was assessed at baseline and post intervention using standard goniometric measurements (Tomlinson & Archer, 2015). In the end, eight of the patients reported no pain after treatment, while seven patients surpassed with a more meaningful improvement at the end of the intervention. Three of the patients showed some clinical improvement in VHI scores. All nine patients showed improvement in cervical flexion and lateral flexion and jaw opening, whereas eight patients improved in cervical extension and rotation post intervention (Tomlinson & Archer, 2015). In the end manual therapy showed mostly some positive results for patients and nurses could include these in their jobs. While some manual therapies including massage therapists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, osteopathic physicians, and chiropractors are used in the hospital and around the world, nurses must teach some of the adverse events in the patients who practice these. Also, nurses should work together with the manual therapists to improve the patient’s life. References Bokarius, A., & Bokarius, V.
(2010). Evidence-Based Review of Manual Therapy Efficacy in Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. Pain Practice, 10(5), 451-458. doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010.00377.x
Carnes, D., Mars, T. S., Mullinger, B., Froud, R., & Underwood, M. (2010). Adverse events and manual therapy: a systematic review. Manual Therapy, 15(4), 355-363. doi:10.1016/j.math.2009.12.006
Paanalahti, K., Holm, L. W., Nordin, M., Asker, M., Lyander, J., & Skillgate, E. (2014). Adverse events after manual therapy among patients seeking care for neck and/or back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 1577. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-77
Rice, A. D., Patterson, K., Wakefield, L. B., Reed, E. D., Breder, K. P., Wurn, B. F., & Wurn, L. J. (2015). Ten-year Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of a Manual Physical Therapy to Treat Female Infertility. Alternative Therapies In Health And Medicine, 21(3), 36-44.
Tomlinson, C. A., & Archer, K. R. (2015). Manual Therapy and Exercise to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Case Series. Physical Therapy, 95(1), 117-128.
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Institute of Medicine Report from the Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care and Education. (2011). Relieving Pain in America A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education and Research. Retrieved from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?records_13172
through the Eyes of a Participant Observer." Chiropractic & Manual Therapies. Vol. 20, No. 1, 19 Jan. 2012, p. 1. EBSCOhost. 2017 October 25.
The word “chiropractor” has two word origins, the Greek words cheir and praxis; meanwhile, cheir means “hand” and praxis means “practice.” Also, most of the work that chiropractors do is done by hand (Pike para. 5). In 2002, going to a chiropractor was found to be the most commonly used program for therapy. Seventy-four percent, about 4 million, of people that had back pain went to a chiropractor to get treated. Among that 74 percent of people, 66 percent of them stated that they got “a great benefit” (Pike para. 9). Many chiropractors work full time but 1 out of 3 chiropractors work part time. Chiropractors work whenever their patients need them, even on w...
Pain is often overlooked and disregarded as an unimportant health issue by health care providers. However, according to the National Institutes of Health, pain affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined. It is the most common reason people seek health care, the leading cause of disability, and a major contributor to health care cost (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2013). By managing pain, patient outcomes improve and health cost decreases because the patient is more likely to participate in activities such as mobilization and deep-breathing exercises, leading to fewer complications and earlier discharge. Organizations such as the American Society for Pain Management Nursing, the American Pain Society, and
Fibromyalgia is an extremely disabling condition associated with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and reduced pain thresholds (Wolfe et al., 2010)(Kelley et al., 2011). Observational studies have shown that over a 12 month period 25% of men and women surveyed over the age of 65 will consult a primary care physician for musculoskeletal pain (Jordan et al., 2010). Overall, between 46% and 80% of people over the age of 65 report experiencing pain on a daily basis and 15% of women and 10% of men over 50 report widespread musculoskeletal pain (Soldato et al., 2007; Thomas et al., 2004). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated in xxxx that fibromyalgia patients generated $6000 per patient per year in healthcare costs where as another recent study of administrative claims found that fibromyalgia healthcare costs may exceed $18,000 per patient annually (Wolfe et al., 1997). In a population study of ten chronic diseases, fibromyalgia was highest ranked for healthcare not received in the previous year and in long-term disability, pain, and poor self-rated health by survey participants (Kasman and Badley, 2004).
“Managing Infertility.” USNews.com. Stanford University Medical Center, 31 Mar. 2007. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. .
People have created a hectic and busy world, that includes careers and daily activities that require physical activity. While attempting to attain the required physical conditioning, people often take chances with their personal health as they try to stretch their physical limits. Sometimes, people can surpass their current limits and form new boundaries; however, other times people are not so fortunate. These unfortunate times often lead to injury, including workplace accidents, sporting incidents, disease afflictions, as well as others; any or all of which could bring about the need of rehabilitation services. Many of these require physical therapy, which includes assisting injured or otherwise impaired patients as they recover to their pre-injury status or to recover as much as is physically possible. The field of physical therapy is a choice career for those who enjoy helping people recover from injury, and the following text will provide reason for choosing this profession.
"Physical Therapy." Mayo School of Health Sciences. Mayo Clinic, 25 June 2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.
The concept that pain means injury or damage is deeply embedded in the American consciousness. “I have never seen a patient with pain in the neck, shoulders, back or buttocks who didn’t believe that the pain was due to an injury, a “hurt” brought on by some physical activity.” Says Dr. John E. Sarno, M.D. “The pain started after I lifted my little girl” or “Ten years ago I was involved in a hit- from- behind auto accident and I have had recurrent back pain ever since.” Of course, if the pain starts while one is engaged in a physical activity it’s difficult not to attribute the pain to the activity. “But this pervasive concept of the vulnerability of the back, of ease of injury, is nothing less than a medical catastrophe for the American public, which now has an army of semidisabled men and women whose lives are significantly restricted by the fear of doing further damage or bringing on the dreaded pain again” (qtd. in “Healing Back Pain”). With good intentions, this idea has been encouraged by the medical profession and other healers for years. It has been assumed that neck, shoulder, back and buttock pain is due to injury or disease of the spine and associated structures and ligaments surrounding these structures- without scientific validation of these diagnostic concepts. “On the other hand,” States Dr. Sarno, “I have had gratifying success in the treatment of these disorders for seventeen years based on a very different diagnosis. It has been my observation that the majority of these pain syndromes are the result of a condition in the muscles, nerves, tendons and ligaments brought on by tension.”
It is a home exercise program that allows the patient to take an active part in their healing. Gently moving the soft tissue prepares it for the treatment it receives from the therapist. Time previously spent during the therapy session to initiate change in the tissues is used instead to advance further release and flexibility. The therapist is able to focus treatment time on stubborn areas of connective tissue restriction that have not changed in response to exercise. The positioning the patient uses to complete the exercises helps the therapist identify the source of the problem which is not usually in the same place as the patient’s primary complaint. This partnership between the therapist and the patient translates into quicker recovery and improved pain relief for the
First, a physical therapist is a professional who give support to patient who suffer from physical problem either internal or external. Physical Therapy has a lot of benefits for those who are in the process of recovery from injure or disease. This helps when people are recovering from injure, whether muscular or athletic stress. Students who work in this profession, help patients to restore from injure accidents; help them to move and relief their pain. Moreover, they help disables individual who suffer from immobility either permanent or momentary. Also, an individual who have an accident and gets a fracture in the neck, back, hand, foot, or suffer from arthritis have to see the physical therapist in order to get a professional therapy with include some important equipment and are very similar that the one in fitness center. This program require student to finish the AA (Associates in Arts) program in order to continue with the education. Also, student can complete a curriculum of a Doctor of Physical Therapy, a Master of Physical Therapy, or a Degree Master of Science in Physical Therapy.
Weiner, S.S. & Nordin, M. (2010). Prevention and management of chronic back pain. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 24, 267-279. http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.berh.2009.12.001
For example an individual could just be a foot physical therapist and just take patients that need help regaining physical ability in their foot. Also there are physical therapists that just work with a certain type of age group. “Geriatric physical therapists, for instance, work with the elderly,” says Hayhurst (Hayhurst 1). And pediatric physical therapists only work with children. Another type of physical therapy is a neurologic physical therapist that specializes in the nervous system. They would help people regain health from a brain injury, spinal cord injury, or a stroke. However the most common type of physical therapy is an orthopedic physical therapist. These types of physical therapists usually work in a hospital on patients that just get out of surgery and need help regaining that muscle back, or patients that visit a clinic on a daily or weekly basis. This type of therapy mainly focuses on the musculoskeletal system, including joints, tendons and bones. The physical therapy field has many options and opportunities for an individual looking for a specialized career
Pain, fear and anxiety have been shown to influence motor control. Discuss the literature regarding this and how it may influence the rehabilitation of someone with chronic pain.
Medical study is a combination of clinical experience and scientific research, which requires proof and evidence. These two components can help physiotherapists with diagnosis, provide treatments for patients and making clinical decision. However, what are the ways for individuals to testify the effectiveness of these methods and treatments? Is there scientific evidence proving the information is correct and up to date? How helpful and appropriate are these methods and treatments to the patients? Hence evidence-based practice is necessary. It has a strong impact in physiotherapy, to ensure researches are more focused and relevant to physiotherapists and as a guiding principle to practice and treatment of patients.