Objective The goal of this lab is to synthesize maleic anhydride with polyethylene glycol of 200g/mol molecular weight (PEG 200) and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene to get 4,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride and its diacid by using Diels-Alders reaction and hydrolysis, respectively. The crystals were determined using melting point determination and IR spectroscopy. Chemical Equation Chemical Mechanism Safety Consideration This experiments involves various chemicals that could potentially be lethal if not handle carefully. Short exposure to maleic anhydride could cause serious residual injury. Direct contact must be avoided, and proper safety equipment should be wore while handling. 2, 3-dimethyl-1, 3-butadiene is flammable …show more content…
It can be lost due to incomplete reaction with Hydrochloric acid. Melting point was performed on the product and indicates that the product has the melting point of 201.75 C whereas its literal melting point is 203C, as seen in table 2. The melting point of the product only deviates 1.25 ̊C from the accepted melting point. Even though it is within the acceptable range ±2 ̊C from the acceptable melting point, and it is considerably pure, the diacid product is not as pure as the anhydride product. The impurities might be from the leftover anhydride product from incomplete reaction since the heating was insufficient since the temperature sometime fell below the range of 60-80C during the heating …show more content…
Which is the limiting reagent? Calculate the percent yield for the anhydride. Number of moles of maleic anhydride = 0.3g ma* (1 mol ma)/(98.016g ma) = 0.00306mol ma Number of moles of cyclopentadiene = 0.2g cp* (1 mol cp)/(66.10g cp) = 0.00303mol cp cyclopentadiene is the limiting reagent. Number of moles of cycloadduct anhydride = 0.00303mol cp* (1 mol ca)/(1mol cp) = 0.00303molca Theoretical mass of cycloadduct anhydride = 0.00303mol ca*( 164.2 ca)/(1 mol ca) = 0.498g ca Actual mass of cycloadduct anhydride = 375mg=.375g Percentage yield of cycloadduct anhydride= (Actual mass)/(Theoretical mass)*100= 0.375g/0.498g=75.3% If the hydrolysis to the diacid is not complete, how could you separate the desired diacid from unhydrolyzed anhydride by extraction? If the hydrolysis to the diacid is not complete, one can use the process of acid base extraction by neutrazing the diacid using the base to form two separated layer. Then, after extraction, one can acidified the product to form the solid precipitates, which is the diacid. Complete the following reactions. Indicate the stereochemistry when
The sole purpose of performing the lab was to utilize aldol condensation reactions to synthesize a cyclopenta-dienone, while using UV spectrophotometry and computer visualization to further understand the dienone. In the beginning of the lab, the tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (TPCP) was synthesized using dibenzyl ketone and benzyl under extremely basic conditions. The synthesis process could be further understood by observing the mechanism portrayed in Figure 1. According to the figure, the dibenzyl ketone will first loose an alpha hydrogen to form the enolate intermediate.
The isomerization procedure was done in order to create dimethyl fumarate from dimethyl maleate. Dimethyl maleate and dimethyl fumarate are cis and trans isomers, respectively. This procedure was done via a free radical mechanism using bromine. The analysis of carvones reaction was done in order to identify the smell and optical rotation of the carvone samples that were provided. The odor was determined by smelling the compound and the optical rotation was determined using a polarimeter.
Number of moles of〖 K_2 CrO〗_4, mol = (4.0 ×〖10〗^(-2) mol L^(-1))(5.0×〖10〗^(-2) L)= 2.0×〖10〗^(-3) mol
Scheme 1. Formation of the Diels-Alder adduct with maleic anhydride and (-)-α-phellandrene. The IR spectrum that was obtained of the white crystals showed several functional groups present in the molecule. The spectrum shows weak sharp peak at 2865 to 2964 cm-1, which is often associated with C-H, sp3 hybridised, stretching in the molecule, peaks in this region often represent a methyl group or CH2 groups. There are also peaks at 1369 cm-1, which is associated with CH3 stretching.
The theoretical weight was 599.6 mg. This yields a percent yield of 3.7%. Table 1 also illustrates the experimental melting point of 99.3-102.1◦C. A melting point that has a range larger than 3◦C is indicative of impurities in the sample. A few possibilities of impurities could have been unreacted norbornene, and water. Evidence that supports that there was unreacted norbornene in the final sample was the fact that the product was a jelly-like structure. Norbornene by itself has a jelly-like structure. However, once norbornene reacted with the acid-catalyst (H2O2), then it should have changed the chemical structure of the molecule and once the solution was brought back down to room temperature, crystals should have formed. Since a jelly-like, or oil-like product was present at the end of the reaction, then this is indicative that there was unreacted norbornene in the sample. The second impurity that may have been present in the final product was water. Instead of adding 3 mL of sodium bicarbonate and then 3 mL of brine, 3 mL of brine was added first and then 3 mL of sodium bicarbonate was added. This experimental error caused excess aqueous solution to be added to the diethyl ether. Since excess water was added to the final product, about 4x the amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate was needed in order to remove the water from the product. This was another indication that there was too much water in
The economic potential analysis of the production process of maleic anhydride from benzene, butane, and 1-butene was calculated based on the establishment of the chemical plant in the United States. In 2012, the global demand on maleic anhydride was estimated to be around $4.11 billion worth,
4 "That amount of any gas that occupies a volume of 22414 mL in normal conditions is called one mole [eine solche Menge irgendeines Gases, welche das Volum von 22412 ccm im Normalzustand einnimt nennt man ein Mol]"
It has a molar volume of 9.38 ×10-6 m3/mol. Molybdenum has an atomic weight of 95.94 amu. Its atomic number is 42. The atomic radius is 145 pm and the covalent radius is 145 pm also. Its electron configuration is [Kr]4d^5 5s^1.
Create wells: put a comb template in the middle of the tray; wait until the mixture becomes solid. After, remove the comb standing straight. 4. Remove rubber ends: transfer the gel tray into the horizontal electrophoresis and fill it with the concentrated electrophoresis buffer. 5. Materials and methods: Experiment: 1st, prepared milk samples should be already done by the teacher.
•density of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic tableDensity of solid: 2030 kg m-3...
between BaCl and BaSO, and that AW of 1 mol of BaSO = 233.404, so we
To conclude, the molarity of cerium(IV) sulphate solution was found as 0.0478M by part 1 of the experiment. Moreover, one of the tablets had 63.52mg vitamin C and another tablet contained 61.42mg of vitamin C.
is 40.c but his is a chemical enzyme so it will work best a little