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Objectives for macroeconomics
Objectives for macroeconomics
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Governments use macroeconomic objectives to assess their overall economic performance. These objectives include of price stability, full employment, standard of living, efficient allocation of resources, equitable distribution of wealth and income, external stability and economic growth. Governments have these various objectives in place to satisfy the needs and wants of a nation's individuals. As it is crucial how these objectives are prioritised and managed, subsequently failure to achieve these objectives has serious effects on a nation’s economy. The Turnbull government has looked to achieve key economic objectives of continued economic growth and full employment. However the Liberal National Party has failed to achieve these objectives …show more content…
Economic growth refers to an increase in the volume of goods and services produced in the economy in a specific period of time (Cave, D, et.al). After being re-elected Malcolm Turnbull stated “We want higher economic growth that provides prosperity to everyone” (Daley, 2016). But since Turnbull became priminister in 2015 the economic growth rate was 2.5% according to the (ABS), and now not much has changed, in fact we have decreased to 2.4% (ABS) as of April 5 2017 and being lower then this before after nearly entering a recession. The coalition however, introduced a policy for growth where they would deliver a company tax cut for small businesses dropping the tax rate for businesses with an annual turnover of less than $10 million, which seemed a very positive move for growth in Australia however this policy has failed due to the negative quarter after this policy was implemented. As GDP (Gross Domestic Product) a main economic indicator for Economic growth shows the near recession, we faced at the end of 2016. (Appendix …show more content…
High employment benefitting the government as, less money will be spent on unemployed benefits/welfare allowing the government to spend money on other things. Turnbull has enforced many policies such as corporate tax cut to small businesses, free trade agreements and a single window for export documentation to name a few (LNP,2016). However, the unemployment rate a key economic indicator for full employment is showing 5.9% (Appendix 2) at the current moment, almost the highest since he began as priminister. Recent figures (NewsCorp,2017) have been released of 33,500 part time workers lost their jobs, 6,400 full time jobs being lost and also the underemployment rate, people looking for extra work, returning to a record high of 8.7% (1.1million workers). This illustrates that Turnbull’s policies aren’t working, so new policies have to be made and introduced to achieve successful full employment. To achieve full employment, fiscal policy needs to be implemented, which will have the flow on effect of higher aggregate demand due to influenced lower interest rates meaning more consumer spending on goods and services therefore the need for more workers and jobs will become available, and however this can bring a side effect of inflation. Due to
Australia’s resources otherwise known as factors of production – natural resources, labour, capital and enterprise, are relatively scarce, resulting in the economic problem of relative scarcity as we cannot satisfy all our needs and wants in Australia as they are unlimited. Collective and individual wants are
A balanced stance on fiscal policy was targeted by the Government in response to the global recession between short and long-term policies. These measures involved bonus payments to low and middle-income Australians to insta...
Changes in unemployment in Australia is a key issue in this news article. In the last twelve months, unemployment in Australia has dropped from 5.6 per cent to 5.1 per cent which is described as ‘a puzzle’ in the news article. Looking closer, there are some possible explanations for this change in statistics. Previously, unemployment in Australia increased in the time of the recent global economic downturn, although didn’t suffer as poorly as other countries according to data from the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. However, while unemployment rose, so too did the number of people in other forms of underemployment such as part-time and casual work (OECD, 2010). According to Sappey et. al., the status of employment requires workers to only work one hour per week and so therefore many underemployed workers receive the same employed status in this data as full-time workers (Sappey et. al., 2010, p. 111). According to the OECD, under-employment increased significantly during the downturn, rather than unemployment. Unemployment has dropped in the last twelve months but that does not mean that those who have obtained work have gained full-time employment. In fact, according to the Australia labour market trends of the last twelve months, it is more than likely that those who have become an ‘employed’ statistic rather than ‘unemployed’ have not gained full-time work. This news article quotes figures fro...
Australia has had one of the most outstanding economies of the world in recent years - competitive, open and vibrant. The nation’s high economic performance stems from effective economic management and ongoing structural reform. Australia has a competitive and dynamic private sector and a skilled, flexible workforce. It also has a comprehensive economic policy framework in place. The economy is globally competitive and remains an attractive destination for investment. Australia has a sound, stable and modern institutional structure that provides certainty to businesses. For long time, Australia is a stable democratic country with strong growth, low inflation and low interest rate.(Ning)
Economic growth focuses on encouraging firms to invest or encouraging people to save, which in turn creates funds for firms to invest. It runs hand-in-hand with the goal of high employment because in order for firms to be comfortable investing in assets such as plants and equipment, unemployment must be low. Hereby, the people and resources will be available to spur economic growth.
middle of paper ... ... ector borrowing is not the enemy of unemployment. If the government borrows too much then there will have to be increases in taxes, mainly corporation tax and this will also contribute to some unemployment, but the public sector does help employment in some ways. Education and training (funded by the government) provides a skilled, desirable workforce, which will encourage British firms to employ British workers instead of looking for other skilled workers in an increasingly globalized world. The National Health Service also reduces the amount of residual unemployed and therefore contributes to keeping employment levels high.
It is difficult for government to achieve all the macroeconomics objectives at the same time. Conflicts between macroeconomics objectives means a policy irritating aggregate demand may reduce unemployment in the short term but launch a period of higher inflation and exacerbate the current account of the balance of payments which can also dividend into main objectives and additional objectives (N. T. Macdonald,
Difficulties in Formulating Macroeconomic Policy Policy makers try to influence the behaviour of broad economic aggregates in order to improve the performance of the economy. The main macroeconomic objectives of policy are: a high and relatively stable level of employment; a stable general price level; a growing level of real income (economic growth); balance of payments equilibrium, and certain distributional aims. This essay will go through what these difficulties are and examine how these difficulties affect the policy maker when they attempt to formulate macroeconomic policy. It is difficult to provide a single decisive factor for policy evaluation as a change in political and/or economic circumstances may result in declared objectives being changed or reversed. Economists can give advice on the feasibility and desirability of policies designed to attain the ultimate targets, however, the ultimate responsibility lies with the policy maker.
(ABS, 2018). This trend is partly due to the support of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), which reduced the cash rate. Through this expansive monetary policy, Australia tried to place cheap money in circulation in order to stimulate the economy which should make more jobs available (RBA, n.d.). However, it must be critically noted that, despite the incredible economic growth of recent years, Australia has not managed to keep the unemployment rate permanently below five percent. This is also due to the fact that the employer side sometimes has serious difficulties to keep pace with the increase in workforce (RBA, 2013).
The baby boom as well as increased immigration brought unemployment to 5.2% which at the time was a 28- year low, as over 150,000 jobs were created. Economic growth reached almost 5% and Australia’s economy was in a very good place. With unemployment rates as high as 6.3% now, perhaps it is the perfect time to increase population and create larger market sizes, more demand and therefore more jobs.
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.
Employment and Unemployment Most Australians, at some stage in their lives, participate in the labour force and receive financial benefits in return. The participation rate of the labour force changes frequently as people constantly join and leave (ABS 2018). According to the ABS- “The labour force participation rate is defined as the labour force (persons employed or unemployed) expressed as a percentage of the population.” Changes in AustraliaIn the past 20 years, Australia’s labour force participation rate has had a slow incline, rising from 60.8% in 1979 to 63.7% in 2002 (ABS 2018).
Unemployment refers to a situation where individuals want to work but are unable to find a job, and as a result, labour resources in an economy are not utilised. In March 2016, the unemployment rate within the Australian labour force was 5.6%, however, it slightly increased a year later to 5.8%. Various factors contribute to the unemployment rate’s increase, such as the cyclically weak demand for labour, resulting slow employment growth compared to labour supply. As well as structural influences that affect the efficiency which unemployed workers are matched to vacant jobs .
This will allow Australia access to new international markets on fair terms at a time where microeconomic reforms in the agricultural sector were resulting in greater competitiveness for Australian products. Through the use of microeconomic policy, promoting structural change, the Australian government has been able to rid the economy of technical inefficiencies which inhibit economic growth and prosperity and which aren't in the public's interest. Through precise microeconomic policy the government has been able to target specific areas and improve efficiency in the larger scale as well.
Unemployment issue can lead to a lot of impacts to the economic growth. Higher unemployment rate will lead to increase government borrowing. When people are without their job, they would paid less in the income tax. So, it will cause a drop in tax revenue because there are lesser people paying income tax and spending less. Due to the loss of earnings to the unemployed, the government need to spend more subsidy for them in housing benefits and income support.