Can Malaria be cured?
The Issue:
Malaria is a pandemic disease that almost half of the human population are exposed and susceptible to developing.
Introduction 1.1 Identify and describe a question or problem in an area of biology relevant to an issue researched.
Malaria is a parasitic disease typically spread by small organisms transmitting diseases to other organisms this is known as a vector. The disease is an immense issue concerning large populations around the equator. There are many obstacles associated with malaria, wealth and economics are just two issues affecting many developing countries. The cost is not just local, millions given through loans and charities internationally help limit an outbreak. However the amount received is insignificant compared to the scale of the problem, so therefore the costs of medicine and mosquito nets along with other equipment would be unsustainable to a countries budget. Also the inability to pay off loans increases the financial burden, making it even more difficult to restrict an outbreak of malaria.
The vector spreading malaria is the mosquito. There are multiple breeds of the organism and along with those different strains of malaria. This in turn leads to complications in developing medicines and also vaccines. Furthermore a combination of a mutation in genes and a selection pressure (pesticides) can lead to mosquitos becoming resistant and even more difficult to stop malaria from spreading.
The parasites behind malaria are of the Plasmodium genus and once in a human body it targets erythrocytes (red blood cells). The spleen, which is responsible for filtering an individual’s blood, removes parasitized cells, therefore it is not uncommon for affected people to have anaemia. The ...
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...reliability and validity. As Unicef is setup by the UN and helps all countries the source would be unquestionably unbiased. This is crucial as we are able to conclude that the information is balanced and is not favouring any side. Therefore using Unicef as a source provides legitimate information.
NHS UK [source 4] - http://www.nhs.uk/Pages/HomePage.aspx
The NHS (National Health Service) is a system in England set up by the UK government for treating and aiding the health of people in the country.
It is funded by tax and gives free medical care and advice to individuals in England.
As the system was setup by the government and is regularly regulated and monitored it is evident that the NHS is a trustworthy source.
In addition its information on diseases such as malaria would therefore be credible as it is the major provider of health care in the whole of England.
There are now 92 of these – all regulated by Monitor, an independent regulator. Foundation Trusts are freed from central control and manage their own budgets. It is government policy to encourage all trusts to attain Foundation status.The NHS is funded primarily out of central taxation. Its total cost in 2005-6 was £76 billion.NHS Wales delivers emergency services known as primary, secondary, and specialist tertiary care services in England and Tier system in Wales. The Hospitals provide outpatient, inpatient, and accident and emergency facilities, and community hospitals run by General Practitioners. Specialist hospitals provide services such as burns units and plastic and cardiac surgery. This includes out of hours GP services, dental services, pharmacies, ambulance service, and sexual health services in the tier system. Community services included and providing services provided by community nurses, health visitors, midwives, and community-based speech therapists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists. This is achieved through an integrated working partnership under the Welsh Mental Health Measure 2010 (Government,
The NHS was then finalised during 1948, the main role of the NHS was to reduce health inequalities throughout Britain, so that everyone could be treated the same way, whatever their finance stability, job status and location. They believed that this programme should have reduced inequalities throughout Britain. It was created by Aneurin Bevan and Edwin Chadwick but it was successful until the Prime Minister at the time who was Margaret Thatcher accepted the Bill through Parliament. The NHS included the Public Health Acts such as maternal and child welfare, availability for beds in hospitals and General Doctors in local areas. The NHS also included things such as Vaccinations and Immunisations and social work skills such as home helps and also
The story of drug-resistant malaria in Cambodia is significant because people in other countries could be affected and must be aware of the fact that it is becoming immune to the most powerful drugs used to fight it. So many people have died from this deadly disease and so many are dying from it already, so many more are at risk and they must be aware.
NHS Scotland. (). Public (owing a duty of care). Available: http://www.advancedpractice.scot.nhs.uk/legal-and-ethics-guidance/accountability/public-(owing-a-duty-of-care).aspx. Last accessed 12th October 2012.
The (NHS) National Health Service was founded in 1948, with the belief that no one should have to pay for healthcare regardless of their financial status and based on three core principles; that it meets the needs of everyone, that it is free at the point of delivery, and that it be based on clinical need, not the ability to pay. In 2011, the NHS published a constitution of seven principles to help guide it. Today the NHS has grown to be the world’s largest publicly funded health service. England Is the only one that officially goes by the National Health Service, but they are all still referenced as “NHS” and you can access information regarding anyone of the health plans on a public website www.nhs.uk. The individual systems are:
Malaria is a common infectious disease found mainly in the tropics but in rare circumstances can be found in temperate areas. Depending on the circumstances malaria can be either life threatening cause serious illness.
In line with the majority of other developed countries, the United Kingdom (UK) has offered its citizens a universal health care system that is free at the point of service. Funded primarily by taxation, the system is popular and efficient. However, along with most other health care systems around the world, it faces a series of challenges if it is to maintain viability, in the twenty-first century. These issues include; long waiting times, an aging population, funding challenges and the increasing cost of technology.
The NHS was founded on similar principles as Canada- universal, free to a point, equitable and paid by central funding (Grosios et al, 2010). Over the years, the NHS has seen numerous organizational and political changes, but still remains universal and offers care to people who need it and are not able to pay for it. The NHS is funded by national insurance contributions and taxes. The healthcare policy and healthcare delivery is a responsibility of the central government in England, whereas in Wales, Scotland and Northern Island it is the responsibility of the local governments. In the UK, the NHS is composed of two major sections- one which deals with policy, strategy and management and other section that deals with medical care; this department is further subdivided into community care, pharmacy, dentistry and general medical practice. In Britain there are many barriers in seeking specialty care; one has to see a general practitioner first, who is a gate keeper and decides on where and who gets specialty care. It can often take years to bypass this gatekeeper because there are very few specialists in the country. In the past two decades, there has been a major shift in funding moving away from central government to local counties. The UK healthcare center is facing cutbacks in funding and complaints of long waits to see surgeons and specialists is common.
Malaria is among one of the most prevalent diseases attacking and showing little to no mercy to those who fall victim. This life threatening disease is spread from person to person, proving to be the most challenging especially amongst underdeveloped countries. However, it is one of the largest diseases worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite amongst one of the species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. This lethal infectious disease is transmitted by a parasitic infection spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Pregnant women infected by Malaria undergo various other health complications such as inheriting low birthweight is estimated to result in 100,000 infant deaths in Africa. Anemia,
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it.
Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria reduces disease and prevents deaths. It also contributes to reducing malaria transmission.
Malaria is a scary disease that is spread by mosquitoes. Although it no longer carries a threat in the United States, it's still quite the monster. Here are some facts about the disease that people should know.
Malaria is a dreadful disease with no known cure. According to Mayo Clinic, ¨Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes¨. Malaria is highly contagious especially in areas where the virus can live; (warm tropical climates). Malaria is mostly in poor tropical climates, which makes Africa extremely vulnerable, causing Africans to be at high risk of death and loss of money.
This vector behavior leads to mosquitoes’ transmission of harmful diseases including malaria (N. Becker et al., 2010), a severe disease that kills millions around the globe annually. For species of the Plasmodium genus that cause malaria in humans, certain species of anopheline mosquitoes act as hosts, with Anopheles gambiae being studied in most detail by the Hillyer Lab. The process by which pathogens interact with their mosquito hosts varies, but the path of Plasmodium species is rather complex. As stated by N. Becker, Plasmodium species replicate sexually in mosquitoes but asexually in vertebrate hosts (2010). After entering the mosquito midgut by ingestion in a blood meal from an infected vertebrate, the parasite develops into an ookinete, travels to the midgut epithelium, and then forms many sporozoites. These sporozoites are the form of the parasite that travel throughout the hemocoel and eventually enter the salivary glands where they can be transmitted to another host through a blood meal (N. Becker et al., 2010). This pathway is just one example of how a certain parasite interacts with mosquitoes, and each pathogen can interact with and be dealt with differently by the mosquito