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Creation of the NHS
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Introduction In line with the majority of other developed countries, the United Kingdom (UK) has offered its citizens a universal health care system that is free at the point of service. Funded primarily by taxation, the system is popular and efficient. However, along with most other health care systems around the world, it faces a series of challenges if it is to maintain viability, in the twenty-first century. These issues include; long waiting times, an aging population, funding challenges and the increasing cost of technology. History of Health Care in the UK The UK is a sovereign country of almost 61,000,000 people comprising the nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. A highly evolved democratic country that utilizes several socialized practices, including free and universal health care for all citizens, delivered by the government, and paid for taxes. Prior to the implementation of the National Health System (NHS) in 1948, health care in the UK was provided by a mixture of private, public and smaller community hospitals with sickness a primary cause of pauperism. The National Health Service With a budget of £40 billion, the stated mission of the NHS is “to improve Britons’ mental and physical health through health prevention and promotion and diagnosis and treatment” (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2008, p. 107). Currently the largest employer in the UK, employing approximately 1.3 million employees, the NHS provides a wide range of services including hospital, family, community and social-based services, long-term illnesses and disabilities. As of 2007, these services are delivered from approximately 3,000 surgeries, 750 NHS hospitals, 190 private hospitals and 175,000 nursing and care homes. T... ... middle of paper ... ...nt and initiatives launched to resolve them. Despite these problems, the NHS remains extremely popular with citizens of the UK who view the right to receive free medical treatment as an extremely important aspect of citizenship. References Blendon, R. (2002). Inequities in health care: A five-country survey. Health Affairs, 21(3). Department of Health: The National Programme for IT in the NHS. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/0506/department_of_health_the_nati.aspx. Johnson, J. & Stoskopf, C. (2008). Comparative health systems: Global perspectives for the 21st century. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Light, D. W. (2003). Universal health care: Lessons from the British experience. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447686/. Siva, N. (2009). New horizons for mental health in the UK. The Lancet, 374(9697).
... of Health Care Systems, 2014: Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. (2015). Retrieved June 04, 2016, from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2015/jan/international-profiles-2014
Johnson, J.A. & Stoskopf, H. (2010). Comparative Health Systems: Global Perspectives: Global perspectives. Sudbury, MA. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Papanicolas, I. & Smith, P. (2013). Health system performance comparison an agenda for policy, information and research. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
There are now 92 of these – all regulated by Monitor, an independent regulator. Foundation Trusts are freed from central control and manage their own budgets. It is government policy to encourage all trusts to attain Foundation status.The NHS is funded primarily out of central taxation. Its total cost in 2005-6 was £76 billion.NHS Wales delivers emergency services known as primary, secondary, and specialist tertiary care services in England and Tier system in Wales. The Hospitals provide outpatient, inpatient, and accident and emergency facilities, and community hospitals run by General Practitioners. Specialist hospitals provide services such as burns units and plastic and cardiac surgery. This includes out of hours GP services, dental services, pharmacies, ambulance service, and sexual health services in the tier system. Community services included and providing services provided by community nurses, health visitors, midwives, and community-based speech therapists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists. This is achieved through an integrated working partnership under the Welsh Mental Health Measure 2010 (Government,
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, Unit 2, ‘Illness, Health and Care’, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
In this essay I will analyse the origins of Community Care and what benefits emerged when the NHS Community Care Act 1990 was established. Later on, I will explain and critically evaluate the effects of privatisation in social care and health.
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
Niles, N. J. (2011). Basics of the U.S. health care system. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
A country’s health care system refers to all the institutions, programs, personnel, procedures, and the resources that are used to meet the health needs of its population. Health care systems vary from one country to another, depending on government policies and the health needs of the population. Besides, health care programs are flexible in the sense that they are tailored to meet health needs as they arise. Among the stakeholders in the formulation of a country’s health care system are governments, religious groups, non-governmental organizations, charity organizations, trade/labor unions, and interested individuals (Duckett, 2008). These entities formulate, implement, evaluate, and reform health services according to the needs of the sections of the population they target.
Another key point of comparison between both the Cameron and Thatcher led Conservative Governments is that they both had an objective of protecting NHS spending. Thatcher had clear views with respect to what she wanted to do but she was equally a very practical woman. Although she was a keen supporter of the NHS, she had her reservations too. One of Thatcher’s deepest concerns was the political impact of embarking on major changes in the health service. It is thanks to Thatcher who facilitated the fundamental changes in the way we perceive the NHS and the management of this publicly provided service. The establishment of the 1990 reforms, also known as the Ken Clarke reforms, was just one of her involvements. These reforms granted family doctors
The United Kingdom’s healthcare system is a shining example of a national, government funded healthcare system. The government strives to provide accessible healthcare at virtually no cost at the time of treatment. The name of the UK’s healthcare system is the National Health Service, commonly referred to as the NHS. The NHS is managed and provided by the government. Decisions on healthcare policy and legislation are dictated through Parliament and carried out through the NHS. All citizens are required to pay into the system via general taxation, such as sales and income taxes. Patients do not pay premiums or co pays under the NHS. Patients do not receive a single bill because medical treatment is considered to be a public service. The NHS was created after WW2, and it was considered to be a way in which the UK would pave the way for future policy changes t...
The basis of health reform is built on the fundamental structures of politics, medicine, and society. Medicine is a continuously changing field that requires the adaptation to different techniques and situations. Contradicting the evolving medical field, the advancement of health policies have remained at a standstill as changes are rarely made. The loss of resources and efficiency in the overall health system is the result of a lack of correlation between the evolving field of medicine and the progression of an inclusive health insurance. Antonia Maioni, the author of Parting at the Crossroads: The Development of Health Insurance in Canada and the United States, emphasize the vast similarities pertaining to healthcare services, medical research
The question of what type of health care system is the “best” is a popular and polarizing debate internationally, especially in the United States of America. The notion of what is the “best” system is subjective, however, through comparing and contrasting how different country’s health care systems operate and function, one is plausibly able to come to a conclusion of what system is the most effective overall. Health care is an overall complex topic as there are a multitude of proponents that go into creating an effective system. The central components of an overall effective health care system can arguably be delegated as accessibility, costs and overall quality. With all considered, it is plausible to state that universal health care is the
- Organisation and Management of Health Care, April 2002, Version 2.0 , Main Contributor: Katie Enock, Public Health Specialist, Harrow Primary Care Trust www.healthknowledge.org.uk
Universal healthcare has been instituted in countries around the world, including Great Britain and Canada, provide free access to healthcare for citizens of the country. However, universal healthcare does not come without its challenges. Reports of long lines for routine appointments, extended wait times on transplant list, and authorization denials for cardiac and cancer treatments have been mentioned ("RWJF Scholar: U.S. Rations Health Care,