A healthy life goes by many aspects in a human life which may be include having a good vision. However, there are many unknown cause vision disorders like cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration that can blinds in these people life. Therefore, in this post, there will be an overview of the cause of one of these vision disorders which is the macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, the inside back layer of a person’s eye that records the images of he or she is seeing and sends these images via the optic nerve from the eye to the brain. The retina’s central portion, known as the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye that helps us to see, read, …show more content…
However, there are certain types of treatment that are very effective to stop the speed of this disorder. One of the treatment is currently done is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). According to Waldstein et al. (2016), the most common and effective clinical treatment for wet Age-related Macular Degeneration is VEGF therapy. This type of treatment is extremely effective at preserving visual function in choroidal neovascularization and has become the leading treatment approach in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. There are some other treatments that may be done also like the laser treatment which may be able to arrest or slow the disease’s progression. The technique known as photocoagulation uses a high-energy laser beam to seal off or destroy the abnormal blood vessels; it also burns out some adjacent healthy tissue, thereby causing a degree of vision loss (hopefully less than would have occurred if the AMD were allowed to progress). According to Fernandez et al. (2015), another approach of treatment for aged macular degeneration is the photodynamic therapy, which involves less damage to healthy tissue. This treatment also uses a lower-power laser, and the patient is first given a light-sensitizing drug, which seals off the leaky vessels when exposed to the laser. Both techniques often fail, and even when they succeed, blood vessel proliferation may later recur. Surgical removal of the macular degeneration scar may be an option in some
Saxena, Rohit, Diguijay Singh, and Praveen Vashist. “Glaucoma: An Emerging Peril.” Indian Journal of Community Medicine 38.3 (2013): 135-7: Proquest. Web. 7 Jan 2014.
...eye fluid to leave the eye. The new channel helps to lower the eye pressure. Surgery will be recommended only if your ophthalmologist feels the benefit of a lower eye pressure achieved with an operation outweighs possible complications and/or further progression of optic nerve damage.
...ith photodynamic therapy. Neoplastic tissues would take up compounds of photosensitizing agents, and the interaction of light with the photosensitizing agent eventually leads to the production of cytotoxic free radicles[secret]. The advantages of this treatment is that multiple lesions could be treated even though that could take more than one treatment. However, the downside to this treatment is that it is limited only to neoplasms that are at superficial level. Patients might also acquire side effects such as having photosensitization for around 4-6 weeks, or causing tissues to undergo necrosis which sloughs off after some time.[secret] The latter effect would induce pain in patients.
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 50. Every ten years after the age of 50 the prevalence of this disease increases exponentially. Many different factors contribute to the development of AMD including genetic, environment, and metabolic functions. Aside from smoking, abnormal blood pressure, and an unhealthy diet low in fruits and vegetables, many more studies are concluding that similar inflammatory and oxidative processes seen in other age related diseases are also playing a key role in the development of AMD. This disease affects the central areas of the retina and choroid. In return central vision is impaired while peripheral vision is usually not lost. AMD is seen in two different forms, the earlier nonneovascular (dry) type and the more advanced neovascular (wet) type. Each form has its own specific pathology and unique characteristics that set them apart. Fatty, protein deposits called drusens may be the key risk factor in understanding dry AMD pathology, progression, and treatment. Once the more advanced wet AMD is diagnosed, pathology and treatment are targeted around the formation and destruction of abnormal blood vessels, characteristic of the wet AMD eye. The increasing prevalence of AMD has influenced more investigation into what factors can be modulated to prevent the onset or to stop the progression of AMD. Early diagnosis is very important because this is when an eye doctor can spot the early signs of the disease through ultrasound or angiography. This text will discuss the pathology of drusens and the role of inflammation and oxidation in the aged eye. By better understanding these processes more effective treatment approaches and preventive...
Stargardt disease or also known as fundus flavimaculatus, is an inherited form of macular degeneration that causes vision loss in an accelerated way usually to the point of legal blindness. Macular degeneration is caused by “the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, the inside back layer of the eye that records the images one sees and sends them via the optic nerve from the eye to the brain. The retinas central portion, known as the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and it controls our ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces or colors, and see objects in fine detail.” (http://www.macular.org/what-macular-degeneration) One can see signs of Stargardt disease starting with the ages between six and twelve years old. The disease plateaus shortly after rapid reduction in visual acuity. Stargardt disease is a genetic condition caused by the death of photoreceptor cells in the central area of the retina called the macula. Karl Stargardt discovered the disease in 1909 and the cause of the disease was no discovered until 1997. The disease occurs because a mutatuion in the ABCA4 gene causes a production of dysfunctional protein that cannot perform energy transport and from photoreceptor cells in the retina.
Spraul, Christoph W., Lang, Gabriel E., Grossniklaus, Hans E., & Lang, Gerhard D., (1998). Choroidal blood flow in AMD. Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science, 39 (11), 2201.
In addition to medication, some tertiary treatment options used as a last resort are procedures and surgery. For example, an Angioplasty is a nonsurgical procedure, which recruits the use of a balloon to open the arteries. “ A thin, flexible tube with a balloon is threaded through a blood vessel to the narrowed or blocked artery. The balloon is inflated to compress the plaque against the wall of the artery restoring blood flow through the artery.” (National Institutes of Hea...
Life revolves around being able to see things. Although individuals who are blind can lead a full and happy life, someone with excellent vision who suddenly loses theirs or notices a decrease in their visual acuity over time may find it difficult to adapt. Thankfully, with the help of an optometrist, individuals can actively work to preserve their vision for as long as possible. Phoenix Eye Care must be a priority for all, as advanced technology allows threats to the eyes to be detected at the earliest stage. The right treatment can help to slow or stop the progression before major issues develop.
...ion is treatable. In most cases it can be controlled by the avoidance of sun exposure, emotional stress, wind/heat, excessive exercise and drinking alcohol. In short, you should avoid any excessive unhealthy behaviors and unhealthy foods. You should also begin a vitamin regimen of vitamins A, B, and Zinc, which are crucial in the nourishment of skin and to keep it as healthy as possible.
The documentation of a severe form of dementia by Alois Alzheimer in 1907 began a massive investigation of the cause of this disorder. Some of the common symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease consist of memory loss, impaired language ability, impaired judgement, and learning (M. Wong, et al. , 1997). Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is mainly a disease of the cerebral cortex. Alzheimer's is marked structurally by the senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and severe loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex. Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disorder ( Hof, Vogt, Bouras, and Morrison 1997). Recent attention has been focused on visual dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease (K. U. Loffler, D. P. Edward, & M. O. M. Tso 1995).
Most of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the vitreous. Light projects through the pupil and the lens to the back of the eye. The inside lining of the eye is covered by special light-sensing cells that are collectively called the retina. The retina converts light into electrical impulses. Behind the eye, the optic nerve carries these impulses to the brain. The macula is a small extra-sensitive area within the retina that gives central vision. It is located in the center of the retina and contains the fovea, a small depression or pit at the center of the macula that gives the clearest vision. The blind spot is at the exit point of the optic nerve, at this point there are no rods or cones, and so all the light directed here are of no use. Eye color is created by the amount and type of pigment in the iris. Multiple genes inherited from each parent determine a person’s eye color. Though the eye is such a wonderful organ, it is also prone to diseases, infections, and other problems that could be minor or major, and could lead to blindness or poor
Treatment methods include enucleation, external beam radiation, and chemo reduction. Enucleation, the most common process, is simply the removal of the eye.
Macular degeneration also known as late, aged-related maculopathy is an eye disorder which causes a decrease in the visual field known as the retinal macula (Medical Encyclopedia, 2000). The majority of people who are affected are people over the age of 65, but occasionally it develops earlier in people 40-50 years old (Philippi, 2000). The majority of the visual loss is located in the central part of the visual field, while the peripheral vision is unharmed. There are also two types of macular degeneration, the "wet" and "dry" forms. The "dry" form of this disease is the most popular, affecting 90% of the cases (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1997).
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that cause blindness by hurting the optic nerve, which is the large nerve that is responsible for vision. In glaucoma, the optic nerve damage is related to a change in the fluid pressure that circulates around the eyeball. In many cases, Glaucoma occurs when the eye's fluid pressure is high, but it can also occur when the pressure is measured as normal.
Have you ever wondered why the sky is blue. Often times I find myself looking up on a clear day, pondering over that question? Why isn’t it green, or red or pink for even that matter. Every day, the human eye blinks more than 23,00 times. The human eye is a complicated organ that performs one of the most important tasks for our body. There are many questions about the eye however. What function do they perform? What happens if we don’t take care of them? How exactly do they work together to help us form images? Exactly how far can they human eye see?