MACRO FILTRATION SYSTEM
“Water is life’s mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water.” ~ ALBERT SZENT-GYÖRGYI
In this chapter existing literature was reviewed with the purpose of finding the best macro filtration technique, to supply water to a local municipality. Macro filtration is the separation of large solids and fluids, by means of a filter (Lenntech, n.d.). The system will allow the water to pass through a large rigid mesh to prevent large waste product of damaging pumps, otherwise known as screening (CAcT, n.d.)
Figure 1 shows the screen. Two methods were discussed Percolation and Aeration.
The potential advantages and disadvantages were weighed and compared, and lastly a conclusion was drawn, to decide on a macro filtration
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Abiriga & Kinyera , (2014) found that in general a ceramic material possesses better filtration properties, and to be more specific clay double filters have shown to be the most effective. In their study they have shown that grogs added to clay would speed up filtration but at the expense of water quality. This material could be a potential material to use as a membrane when using the percolation process. The process is slow and requires a large pump to force the water through the membrane; other materials like sand filters could also be used. When comparing a ceramic clay material to a sand filter, the ceramic clay material shows a faster filtration and a better water quality. The left over solids, called sludge, can be reused as fertilizer for crops (CAcT, n.d.). Colloidal silver is required in both cases to prevent the buildup of sludge to block the material pores from water filtration (Beden, Dambus, Atiyah, & Hashim, 2013) and doing so decreases the materials’ efficiency to remove E. coli from the water.
AERATION
Aeration is a filtration technique that separates water from harmful gases by
The Separation Challenge is an experiment involving the use of background knowledge of mixtures, properties of matter, and creativity in order to find a solution to separate three different substances layered on top of each other within a container. The experiment required a matter of coming up with a solid and thought out procedure to successfully separate the three substances individually within an amount of time using various lab materials and technology accessible at the time.
Comment on class result with respect to differences in filter types, differences in filter assemblies, and overall on the confidence you would have in using this type of sterilisation process in preparation of pharmaceutical products. List the factors that may cause contamination during filtration. (20 marks)
such as clay, shale, or blast-furnace slag. Either a dry or a wet process is
The Biological Importance of Water as a Solvent and as a Medium for Living Organisms
The small capacity will be a 500mL can of soup (Fig. 1.1), the moderate capacity will be a 50L kid’s pool (Fig 1.2), and the large process will be an Olympic-sized pool, set at 2.5 million Liters (Fig 1.3). The process in question is simply water, flowing out from a tap at approximately 12L/min.
For example if the silica or clay based litter is used, then flushing them out through the sewer can only lead to the system being clogged.
There is a lot of waste products in the layer of slag that is formed
...gerators are used when and where necessary, further to this there are necessary steps being taken to avoid cross contamination occurring.
Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives. Without water,
Water is one of the most important substances on earth. All plants and animals must have water to survive. If there was no water there would be no life on earth. Water nourishes
Most solids can be removed using simple sedimentation techniques with the solids recovered as slurry or sludge or screening primary technique. So ultimately Sedimentation technique can be used to separate these two impurities.
Filtration is where you would use a medium or a filter paper to separate the
The aim for this experiment is to find the most cost effective method for purifying hard water.
...es must be screened crushed hard rock, angular in shape and free from dust, clay and other deleterious substances (PWD Malaysia, 2008).