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The role of art in religion
Religion and Art: Introduction essay
The role of art in religion
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During the 1400 and 1500s religion was viewed in different ways. Some saw it as a representation of power and law, while others had strict moral beliefs. These religious illustrations exemplify how religion was viewed during this time period. They represent the way people regarded the value of religion in life. After analyzing Machiavellis “How Princes Should Keep Faith,” (125-150) and paintings of Trinity with the Virgin (409), The Tribute Money (410) and Last Supper (416) confirms the truth, that religion has various effects on society.
The reading of Machiavellis “How Princes Should Keep Faith” suggests that princes have accomplished many things because they have trusted and balanced their faith, with the laws. They must overcome the negativity
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In the painting there are three separate sections that each have contribution, that tie into one meaning if weather or not to pay for the tax or tribute. The main view is centered where Jesus and the tax collector are conversating. The tax collector dressed in a short orange tunic to direction on him. He holds his hands out to his sides, with his palms facing up looking curiously. His eyes look piercingly at Jesus, with his mouth half way open, needing and demanding an answer. The collector positions his body in front of Jesus to help make an impression of three-dimensional space. Jesus stands in his reddish robe with a blue over garment, gathered around his shoulder and waist, position with shoulders back and chin high, signifying he is the leader of the others. The shining, brightens Jesus’s face, drawing the view toward him. The light contrast behind the brightly dressed, emphasizes the focus point in the painting, at them. The men, wearing bright orange, blue or green gather around to create a circular space. Still standing close enough to show the tribute and value of God. Each gaze their stern and angered eyes at Jesus and the collector. St. Peter the man standing next to Jesus wearing a long orange toga draped over his shoulder is confused, his expression shows the questioning of Christ. At the same time, he is point with Jesus over to the river, like he is willing to believe and follow along. He raises his hand and turns his head, still facing his body toward the tax collector and points his finger to the man down at the river bank. The next fragment of the painting has the man hunched down by the river separate from the group in the center. He places his hands in the water, slowly lifting them up not allowing the object to fall out of his palms. Behind him is the light and dark shadowed mountains showing many miles of land, to form the
At the top of the artwork the upper part of the cross extends beyond the altarpiece. The edge of John the Evangelist’s red robe on the left of the altarpiece and the edge of Mary Magdalene’s pale blue skirt on the right are cut off when the panel ends, giving the viewer the feeling that, rather than looking in on the scene, the viewer is actually taking part in the scene. This, added to the empathy invoked through the delicate, heart-wrenching rendering of the figures in the artwork, let the observer directly interact with the painting and places him/her within the narrative.
In the many sections Niccolo Machiavelli writes he constantly compares to extreme qualities, one of which is ideal, the other real. These extremes include love(ideal) vs fear, clemency(ideal) vs cruelty, generous(ideal) vs stingy, and integrity(ideal) vs lying. In comparing these different traits Machiavelli highlights the merits of opposing characteristics and (specifically)when it is effective to act in certain ways. He argues that a balance of both are vital as to prevent a prince from dipping too far into a pool of inescapable extremism. The following excerpts display the author’s contrast-centered style: “ Thus, it's much wiser to put up with the reputation of being a miser, which brings you shame without hate, than to be forced—just
Many empirical things can often still be debated and refuted by experts, but there is a general admittance to the idea that power is the root of many evil things. In all fairness, we must admit that a many evil things can in their essence, be great. And that is one of the many theories advanced by Niccolo Machiavelli in his well-known work, The Prince. The Prince serves a dual purpose of both teaching a person how to attain power, but also how to retain it. Incredibly enough, history has proven most of Machiavelli’s findings and theories to work well, while some have failed to effectively secure power for the rulers who did, in fact try them. His work, does obviously highlight one main fact, which is, that power is a well sought-after attribute, and most who attain are willing to do whatever is necessary to keep it.
Machiavelli’s, “The Prince” is the ideal book for individuals intending to both govern and maintain a strong nation. Filled with practical advice, he includes numerous religious references to support his claims. He devotes a chapter within the book to speak about the ancient founders of states. In the chapter called, “On new principalities that are acquired by one’s own arms and by virtue”, Machiavelli discussed the importance of a prince to have their own talent in governing a nation, rather than having relied on fortune to rule. The latter is a risk no leader should take and he cited past leaders as a guide for both the current and future princes.
Niccolò Machiavelli was a man who lived during the fourteen and fifteen hundreds in Florence, Italy, and spent part of his life imprisoned after the Medici princes returned to power. He believed that he should express his feelings on how a prince should be through writing and became the author of “The Qualities of a Prince.” In his essay, he discusses many points on how a prince should act based on military matters, reputation, giving back to the people, punishment, and keeping promises. When writing his essay, he follows his points with examples to back up his beliefs. In summary, Machiavelli’s “The Qualities of a Prince,” provides us with what actions and behaviors that a prince should have in order to maintain power and respect.
Religion served the same function in the Middle Ages and Renaissance as it does today. However, religion was embraced more during the Middle Ages by desperate individuals frantically searching for calm and stability in their lives. Religion provided hope for these bleak individuals who lovingly and unquestioningly embraced religion and the church’s teachings. The church controlled every aspect of these people’s lives and had a grip on their minds. “The church had a grip on men’s minds which it is difficult for us to imagine: the strength of the grip was basically Medieval” (Rowdon 159).
The major structures in the painting consist of an umber colored cross and three ladders. Starting from the top of the image, there is an old man with a scraggly, white beard holding onto and leaning over the top beam of the cross. He is set off by color, wearing a bright red gown and azure head wrap. The majority of his body rests atop the cross while he stands on the ladder that is leaning on the back of the cross.
Although Machiavelli gives numerous points on what it takes to excel as a prince, he also shows some raw examples of how he feels a prince should act in order to achieve maximum supremacy. First, when he says, "ought to hold of little account a reputation for being mean, for it is one of those vices which will enable him to govern" proves Machiavelli feels mighty adamant about his view that being mean will help a prince achieve success (332). It is absurd to imagine the meanest prince as the most successful. Also, when Machiavelli states, "our experience has been that those princes who have done great things have held good faith of little account, and have known how to circumvent the intellect of men by craft" revealing his attitude to manipulate people into fearing and respecting the prince (335). Also, Machiavelli shows that for a prince to be successful, he must not think about good faith.
The most astounding aspect of The Prince is Machiavelli’s view that princes may indeed, be cruel and dishonest if their ultimate aim is for the good of the state. It is not only acceptable but necessary to lie, to use torture, and to walk over other states and cities. Machiavellianism is defined as “A political doctrine of Machiavelli, which denies the relevance of morality in political affairs and holds that craft and deceit are justified in pursuing and maintaining political power (Def.)” This implies that in the conquest for power, the ends justify the means. This is the basis of Machiavellianism. The priority for the power holder is to keep the security of the state regardless of the morality of the means. He accepts that these things are in and of themselves morally wrong, but he points out that the consequences of failure, the ruin of states and the destruction of cities, can be far worse. Machiavelli strongly emphasizes that princes should not hesitate to use immoral methods to achieve power, if power is necessary for security and survival.
“The Prince”, by Niccolo Machiavelli, is a series of letters written to the current ruler of Italy, Lorenzo de’ Medici. These letters are a “how-to” guide on what to do and what not to do. He uses examples to further express his views on the subject. The main purpose was to inform the reader how to effectively rule and be an acceptable Prince. Any ruler who wishes to keep absolute control of his principality must use not only wisdom and skill, but cunning and cruelness through fear rather than love. Machiavelli writes this book as his summary of all the deeds of great men.
images in this painting, all of which have the power to symbolize to us, the viewer, of the painter’s
... right is the only part of the painting that has gold leaf in it, on her gown, what looks to be a gold collar, and a gold necklace with a pearl. The gold she is garnished in represents royalty and the holy. An interesting illusion is seen the left angel’s hair and how it’s illuminated by the sun creating a halo.
Perspective is based on Jesus in this painting due to his outward “radiant glow of divine light” (1) extending to the other people in the painting. The main focus is on Jesus and the rest of the figures are diffused in an outward fashion from Jesus himself. The artist himself expresses an emphasis on individualism by implementing himself within the painting by appearing “twice in the Last Judgement: in the flayed skin which Saint Bartholomew is carrying in his left hand, and the figure… who is looking encouragingly at those rising from their graves” (2). This is an action that only a Renaissance painter would do, which is displaying individuality through a self-portrait because of the possibility of being judged for selfishness. Light and shadowing is prominent within the art which is shown in the painting when the lighter, more brighter colors are focused in the middle and then fade into darker tones while moving outward into the
Niccoló Machiavelli claims in “The Qualities of the Prince” that a prince must have certain qualities that will allow him to seize and maintain his power as a ruler. Machiavelli asserts that these qualities will guarantee the ruler to be able to govern his subjects effectively. According to him, a prince must study the art of war, must understand generosity and to what extent he must be generous to be effective, must choose to either be loved or feared, and be able to keep his word to his citizens according to the situation. These qualities can still apply in today’s politics, and will be useful for a modern time politician as long as they are used carefully.
Machiavelli tells about how the princes do not worry about being cruel to the patrons of their kingdom if it helps them to get more power and rule their kingdom more effectively (Machiavelli, 44). This is a challenge because before the kingdoms were very much religion based and now all the princes want is to be in charge of as many territories as possible without having to deal with conflict. The princes’ kingdoms are based on secularism instead of having religion as part of everything that they do throughout the kingdom. Machiavelli also tells that princes need to act like they are moral and religious, but they really do not have to actually be. He says that the prince needs to know both sides of religious and not religious, so that they can play either side to help them when they need it (Machiavelli,