The dramatic acceleration of globalisation has been a central feature of world politics in recent decades. Subsequently, the concept of the nation-state becomes less vivid, while new actors such as multinational corporations (MNCs) become more important and influential on the international stage. MNCs are a direct creation of globalisation. The annual sales of these MNCs can exceed the annual gross domestic product of many nations, which suggests that such corporations could indeed be considered actors in the international system in the same way as nations (Brinkman and Brinkman, 2008). This essay aims to assess whether, in the era of globalisation, MNCs are more powerful than nation-states. Firstly this essay will define MNCs and consider the power they hold. This essay will also consider in what ways MNCs are similar to and differ from nation states. Finally this essay will determine whether the power held by MNCs is equivocal or more than that held by nation-states.
Multinational corporations play a captious role in the global economy. Production by MNCs accounts for over one-fourth of the world’s output and over one third of the worlds’ trade (Ritzer, 2011). For the purpose of this essay, a MNC is defined as a cross-border business enterprise which owns and controls income generating assets in more than one country (Tang, 2008). Well recognised examples include Shell, McDonalds, IMB, General Motors, etc. The main aim of these entities is profit and growth. MNCs have emerged due to structural and inherent market imperfections such as unstable exchange rates, restrictions on imports, marketing and distribution costs, excise duties and subsidies and they have grown promptly due to economies of scale and because of their burst t...
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...to develop in the future as the stakes get higher. Due to the virtue of MNCs goals, humanity needs to question whether they can afford to nominate MNCs with the responsibility to be the key actor on the international stage. The activities of MNCs are likely to have future repercussions on culture, society and environment. Some argue that more measures should be put in place to reduce MNCs power, however with MNCs are already undermining sovereignty perhaps the most effective solution would be to strengthen the status of the nation-state (Ku and Yoo, 2013). In conclusion, in the era of globalisation it is clear that MNCs are more powerful than nation states. Not only do MNCs share equivocal power in terms of economic and resource control, marketing and loyalties but MNCs have the power to influence nation’s political decisions which in turn makes them more powerful.
Conservation popular? Yes, thanks to Franklin Roosevelt, the CCC and TVA. These two groups had similar goals on very different scales. Comparing the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) to the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is like comparing the Federal Government to a State Government. Even as early as his acceptance speech for the Presidential nomination, Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) stated “Let us use common sense and business sense. Just as one example, we know that a very hopeful and immediate means of relief, both for the unemployed and for agriculture, will come from a wide plan of the converting of many millions of acres of marginal and unused land into timberland through reforestation. There are tens of millions of acres east of the Mississippi River alone in abandoned farms, in cut-over land, now growing up in worthless brush. Why, every European Nation has a definite land policy, and has had one for generations. We have none. Having none, we face a future of soil erosion and timber famine. It is clear that economic foresight and immediate employment march hand in hand in the call for the reforestation of these vast areas. ” Roosevelt’s acceptance speech for the Presidential Nomination. During the 100 days of law, which FDR based on the writing of John Maynard Keynes, plans were drawn up for creating government agencies to help put America back to work. Roosevelt came into office on March 4, 1933 and Senate Bill S. 598 was passed by Congress on March 31, 1933 creating the CCC. Executive Order 6101 dated April 5, 1933, authorized the program, and appointed Robert Fechner of Tennessee as director. The first CCC camps, called camp Roosevelt, opened up on April 17, 1933 (Golay). These camps were mostly made up of young white men between the ages of 15-30 years old, but the program did allow both African Americans
Since the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement in the mid-nineteenth century, African American leaders have proposed many different theories and methods to address the injustices posed by the white majority on to the African-American population. One point that all the leaders agreed on, however, was that things had to change, the injustice and discrimination that the black community faced couldn’t be tolerated anymore. The most well known of these leaders was Martin Luther King who amongst others started one of the most prominent civil rights groups in the struggle for African American rights in the sixties: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Founded by college students, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
In this paper I will trace the roots of the nation-state and just how globalization affects it. Using examples such as the notable European Union and United Nations, I will then explain the differences between past nation-states and current sovereign states. By discussing the global economy, as well as the role the nation-state has in creating corporations for the global economy, I will prove that globalization fails to eradicate the nation-state solely because the ideals are too capitalistic. I will then examine how the nation-state still plays a vital role in a world rapidly moving towards one market with one nation and one set of rules.
Valaskakis, K. (1998). The challenge of strategic governance: Can globalization be managed? Optimum, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 26-40.
Introduction Within this essay, I will be compare and consider the similarities and differences of the principles and guidelines within the NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) for nurses and the SSSC (Scottish Social Services Council) codes of practice for social workers. I will discuss what professional education and training are within each sector, how to get and maintain a professional registration, I will give a bit of detail about the codes of conduct, ethical behaviour and explain about professional bounda ries. I will also explain the framework of care governance within the health and social care and also, I will explain the levels of accountability, responsibility, knowing the limits of the individual’s abilities also when referral
1. Legal, ethical and professional principle frameworks underpin all fields of nursing, and it is a requirement for all Registered Nurses to be competent and knowledgeable, act with integrity and maintain professional standards set out by Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2015). Working with multidisciplinary teams within our profession, it is important to acknowledge and recognise the way in which all the professionals are guided by law and their independent regulatory bodies. The needs of the individual patient is to be considered by doctors and nurses alike, who share professional values and are set out in the respective codes of practice, The Code (NMC, 2015) and GMC (2013).
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or SNCC, was created on the campus of Shaw University in Raleigh in April 1960. SNCC was created after a group of black college students from North Carolina A&T University refused to leave a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina where they had been denied service. This sparked a wave of other sit-ins in college towns across the South. SNCC coordinated these sit-ins across the nation, supported their leaders, and publicized their activities. SNCC sought to affirm the philosophical or religious ideal of nonviolence as the foundation of their purpose. In the violently changing political climate of the 60’s, SNCC struggled to define its purpose as it fought white oppression. Out of SNCC came some of today's black leaders, such as former Washington, D.C. mayor Marion Barry, Congressman John Lewis and NAACP chairman Julian Bond. Together with hundreds of other students, they left a lasting impact on American history.
Throughout the chapters assigned, Dicken focuses on the patterns and processes of global shifts, on the forms produced by the globalization of economic activities and on the forces producing those forms. He builds his arguments around three interconnected processes, which in his view are the reasons for reshaping the global economic map. Those are Transnational Corporations (“TNC”), States, and Technology.
Multinational enterprise (MNE) is “a company that is headquartered in one country but has operations in one or more other countries” (Rugman and Collinson 2012, p.38) that has at least one office in different countries but centralised home office. These offices coordinate global management in the context of international business. MNEs have increasingly essential influence on the development of the global economy and coordinate with other companies in different business environments. However, there are many issues involved with how MNEs operate well overseas, especially in emerging markets (EMs) (Cavusgil et al., 2013, p.5).
This essay will describe the characteristics of the modern nation-state, explain how the United States fits the criteria of and functions as a modern nation-state, discuss the European Union as a transnational entity, analyze how nation-states and transnational entities engage on foreign policy to achieve their interests, and the consequences of this interaction for international politics.
Globalization and the increasing role of non-state actors have shifted the position of states, the traditional “main players” in global governance. However, whether this change undermines states is debatable. In one sense, states’ roles have somewhat diminished: Non-governmental entities – namely transnational corporations (TNC), but also global non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and others – have an increasing voice in global policy debates, which may lessen states’ influence in governmental affairs. But in several other key ways, states’ retain their powerful role. For example, states remain the key negotiators and entities in major global governance entities. Additionally, states retain compulsory power over their subjects or constituents, a form of control that new players in global governments have generally not obtained.
Smith, M. H. (2006). The natural advantage of nations: business opportunities, innovation and governance in the 21st century. Earthscan.
Mira Wilkins defines a multinational enterprise (MNE) as a “firm that extends itself over borders to do business outside its headquarters country.” By 1870, a period denoted as industrial capitalism, MNCs started to evolve and the nature...
Brinkman, June E., and Richard L. Brinkman. "Corporate Power and the Globalization Process." International journal of social economics 29.9/10 (2002): 730-52. Print.
Nowadays, business is set in a global environment. Companies not only regard their locations or primary market bases, but also consider the rest of the world. In this context, more and more companies start to run multinational business in various parts of the world. In this essay, companies which run multinational business are to be characterized as multinational companies'. By following the globalization campaign, multinational companies' supply chains can be enriched, high costs work force can be transformed and potential markets can be expanded. Consequentially, competitive advantages of companies can be strengthened in a global market. Otherwise, some problems are met in the changed environments in foreign countries at the same time. The changed environments can be divided into four main aspects, namely, cultural environment, legal environment, economic environment and political system problems. All the changed environments make problems to multinational companies. In particular, problems which are caused by changed culture environment are the most serious aspect of running a multinational business. This essay will discuss these problems and give some suggestions to solve them.