Low Sodium Intake Prevents Hypertension

1052 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Studies on the cause and effect of hypertension

Hypertension affects approximately 25% of adults worldwide and 16% of US adults and it is estimated to increase in prevalence by 60% over the next 10 to 15 years (1). Hypertension, or increased systemic blood pressure, is directly correlated with many morbidities, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal dysfunction (reference). Essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, accounts for 95% of all known cases of hypertension. It is speculated that primary hypertension has a variety of attributing factors including genotype and other hereditary factors (1). High blood pressure or hypertension is currently the highest preventable risk factor for developing CVD, accounting for nearly 54% of deaths from stroke and 47% of deaths from coronary heart disease worldwide (2). Additionally investing in preventative measures for reducing high blood pressure could reduce direct and indirect medical costs by $156 billion in the US alone (2). Even though the exact interaction between sodium and blood pressure is not completely known, current evidence suggests that sodium plays a direct role in hypertension.
Due to controversial research that was recently published, Cook N. et al. (3) revisited the research on hypertension which has raised concern of adverse health effects due to low sodium, predominantly less than 2300 mg/24hr, on cardiovascular disease. Traditional research demonstrates a positive linear association which elevated blood sodium levels and incidence of myocardial infarction. Cook N. et al. developed two phases of trials named Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) I and II. Researchers collected multiple 24 hour urine samples over th...

... middle of paper ...

...ulation, 129, 981-989.
4. Zhang, Z., Cogswell, M. E., Gillespie, C., Fang, J., Loustalot, F., Dai, S., . . . Yang, Q. (2013, Association between usual sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure and hypertension among U.S. adults: NHANES 2005-2010. PloS One, 8
5. Galletti, F., Agabiti-rosei, E., Bernini, G., Boero, R., Desideri, G., Fallo, F., . . . Strazzullo, P. (2014, Excess dietary sodium and inadequate potassium intake by hypertensive patients in italy: Results of the MINISAL-SIIA study program. Journal of Hypertension, 32, 48.
6. Lima, S. T. R. M., Da Silva Nalin De Souza,Bárbara, França, A. K. T., Salgado Filho, N., & Sichieri, R. (2013, Dietary approach to hypertension based on low glycaemic index and principles of DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension): A randomised trial in a primary care service. The British Journal of Nutrition, 110, 1472.

Show More
Related

  • Dash Diet Smoothies: DASH Diet

    1538 Words  | 4 Pages

    The DASH dietary plan claims to lower your blood pressure levels thereby reducing the risk of developing health problems within the first 2 weeks of inculcating the diet in your lifestyle. If you experience high blood pressure levels, your diet should be monitored meticulously. It is advised you consume healthy foods like whole grains, lean protein, vegetables, and low-fat dairy while restricting sweet and calorie-rich food. This is the main objective of a DASH diet.

    Read More

  • Hypertension Case Study

    709 Words  | 2 Pages

    Vicki is a 42-year-old African American woman who was diagnosed with Hypertension a month ago. She has been married to her high school sweetheart for the past 20 years. She is self-employed and runs a successful insurance agency. Her work requires frequent travel and Vicki often has to eat at fast food restaurants for most of her meals. A poor diet that is high in salt and fat and low in nutrients for the body and stress from her job are contributing factors of Vicki’s diagnosis of hypertension. This paper will discuss the diagnostic testing, Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatments, the prognosis for hypertension, appropriate treatment for Vicki, patient education, and potential barriers to therapy that Vicki may experience.

    Read More

  • case study-andrews family

    852 Words  | 2 Pages

    Mrs. Andrews hypertension is mild at 146/96 which leads to the recommendation of lifestyle modification opposed to pharmacological treatment. In a study led by the American Heart Association, “lifestyle interventions received class I recommendations (Mosca et al., 2004, p. 675)” to prevent major cardiovascular issues in women. There are several useful tools and programs available to assist patients making lifestyle changes. A couple of examples of programs are the WISEWOMAN and Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC). WISEWOMAN is a “program funded by the CDC that provides low income uninsured women (40-64) with chronic disease risk factor screening, lifestyle modification interventions, and referral services to prevent CAD (Schroetter & Peck, 2008, p. 109).” TLC is “an effective lifestyle therapy recommended by the American Diabetes Association, the American Heart Association, and the Obesity Society ("Can TLC ...

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of Hypertension

    712 Words  | 2 Pages

    impact of high blood pressure by; reducing dietary salt, making fresh fruit and vegetables more affordable and accessible, implementing weight loss and exercise programs and utilizing blood pressure lowering medications. "The current focus of many health systems is on treating hypertension directly, and while treatments are effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, they are also very costly. Focusing efforts on primary prevention or treatment may have a significant impact on costs in the long term,” says McBrien. (McBrien

    Read More

  • High Blood Pressure or Hypertension

    1153 Words  | 3 Pages

    ... potassium level is higher than 4.5 mmol/liters. If further diuretic therapy is not tolerated, contraindicated or ineffective, considering an alpha- or beta-blocker might be prudent. If blood pressure remains uncontrolled with optimal or maximum tolerated doses of four drugs, seeking an expert advice would be the next and last step (Williams, 2013).

    Read More

  • The Dangers of Hypertension

    2381 Words  | 5 Pages

    The causes of hypertension are unknown. However; hypertension can be classified into two categories primary and secondary. Primary (essential) hypertension is increas...

    Read More

  • Health and Wellbeing of Australian Indigenous People

    2262 Words  | 5 Pages

    The Association of UK Dieticians 2012, Hypertension, The British Dietician Association, viewed on 10 May 2014, < https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/hypertension.pdf>.

    Read More

  • High Blood Pressure among Black Americans

    1756 Words  | 4 Pages

    Hypertension is a developing problem worldwide，associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In 2020, the world population will be approximately 7.8 billion people, and there will be 1 billon people who may be affected by hypertension (Tomson & Lip, 2005). One in three adults in the United States has high blood pressure. According to the report “Health, United States, 2010 with Special Feature on Death and Dying,” the prevalence of hypertension among adults 20 years old or older increased from 24% to 32% during 1988-1994 and 2005-2008. The African-American population has a higher prevalence of this health condition than white Americans do. In 2005 to 2008, the prevalence of hypertension among black males (41.4%) was more than 10%, compared to white males at 31.5% of the population. The hypertension rate of black females was more than twice that of white females. The death rate from hypertension among black males was 51.8 per 100,000, and among black females was 40.4 per 100,000; however, the morta...

    Read More

  • What is Blood Pressure?

    874 Words  | 2 Pages

    As many as 73 million Americans have high blood pressure. Of the 1 in every 4 adults wi...

    Read More

  • Growth of Diabetes in Children

    1714 Words  | 4 Pages

    " Journal of Clinical Hypertension 13.5 (2011): 351-56. EBSOHost.com - a. Web. The Web.

    Read More

  • Aldosterone Essay

    806 Words  | 2 Pages

    Many studies have correlated dietary salt intake to hypertension and harmful cardiovascular effects. Individuals that develop hypertension from a high-salt intake have kidneys with limited ability to excrete that daily uptake and tend to retain the salt in skin and other extracellular compartments (Titze et al, 2003). Aldosterone plays an important role in regulating the body’s salt and water balance by controlling the activity of epithelial sodium channels in the renal collecting duct and may cause swelling and stiffening of the vessel while also altering its nitric oxide output, which affects the vessel’s ability to vasodilate (Nagata, 2006). Salt consumption leads to a transient increase in plasma volume and a subsequent rise in arterial blood pressure as extracellular volume shifts back to normal (Hamlyn et al, 1986). Recently, plasma sodium has been claimed to play a primary role in the control of blood pressure due to the discovered increase of it (23-69 mg) in individuals with hypertension (He et al, 2004). From this finding, an idea was triggered that vascular endothelium could participate in a sodium-mediated blood vessel function through the response of endothelial cells to aldosterone.

    Read More

  • Rennal Diet: The Role Of A Renal Diet

    900 Words  | 2 Pages

    A renal diet involves limiting: “total sodium content to 400 mg per meal and 150 mg per snack” (Nephcure) by: cooking without salt, avoiding processed food, buying fresh instead of packaged meat, and choosing fresh vegetables and fruit, not consuming frozen and canned produce which have added salt and paying attention to the size of the

    Read More

  • Non-Acquired Blood Pressure

    777 Words  | 2 Pages

    Background - Non-invasive blood pressure measurement is the standard technique of measuring blood pressure and it is routinely used in the perioperative period. However, invasive blood pressure measurement using a cannula in artery is considered a more accurate standard of monitoring in patients requiring tight blood pressure regulation. Both these techniques are widely employed during many surgeries and they yield different numbers as a function of their differing measurement techniques. The relationship between these numbers is still poorly characterized and differences in readings may influence clinical interventions such as vasopressor use, fluid management and blood transfusion. There has been number of studies looking into the correlation

    Read More

  • Global Health Issue Analysis

    1435 Words  | 3 Pages

    There is a continuous trend in increase of Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to high blood pressure. High blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death in the world. There have been an estimated 17.7 million deaths in 2015, which is approximately 31% of all global deaths due to CVDs. One of the major reasons of high blood pressure in adults is high intake of salt. It is well documented that increased salt intake is the primary cause of high blood pressure and its associated cardiovascular diseases. Majority of people around the world have an average intake of 9-12 grams of salt per day, which should be less than 5 grams a day. As per the study done by The George Institute for

    Read More

  • Money Can't Buy Happiness

    1150 Words  | 3 Pages

    Schnall, P., Landsbergis, P., Belkic, K., Warren, K., Schwartz, J., & Pickering, T. (1998). Findings In The Cornell University Ambulatory Blood Pressure Worksite Study: A Review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 697.

    Read More

More about Low Sodium Intake Prevents Hypertension

Open Document