ZIKA AND YOU What's the worst that could happen? ONSET OF SYMPTOMS low grade fever HOW IS IT SPREAD? Sexual contact I was just bitten by an aedes Albopictus, carrier of West Nile and Zika (and many other viruses) in January. Rising global temperatures decrease the dormant period of arthropods, allowing species to breed in new environments for longer periods of time. Additionally, at subtropical temperatures, mosquitoes experience an increased metabolic rate and the cycle from egg to adult decreases from one week to four days. This particular species thrives in standing water, which occurs with higher frequency in populations with high density and low economic status. There will be fewer opportunities for the virus to burn out, and
There are two books I will be comparing, Fever 1793 and The Girl Who Owned a City. The main characters are Matty, a girl in 1973, and Lisa, a futuristic character.They are alike in many ways. They are also quite different. They are both about the same age, though Lisa might be a little younger.
This virus searches for a new vulnerable host in order to survive and carry the disease to the next victim. The critical aspect around the spread of a virus is how drastically the reproduction process occurs. Without being controlled, the contamination throughout any species causes the spread to take place in a toxic way, “On day one, there were two people. And then, four, and then, sixteen. In three months, it’s a billion.
The outburst spread of diseases in a population causes people to panic and become hopeless. The main reason diseases spread is due to unsanitary living styles. Also when a disease first begins, it is really hard to find a cure right away. A very deadly, infectious disease known as Typhus spread during the Holocaust. Typhus is caused by rickettsia and is spread by lice and flees.
My disease is Streptococcal pneumonia or pneumonia is caused by the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is present in human’s normal flora, which normally doesn’t cause any problems or diseases. Sometimes though when the numbers get too low it can cause diseases or upper respiratory tract problems or infections (Todar, 2008-2012). Pneumonia caused by this pathogen has four stages. The first one is where the lungs fill with fluid. The second stage causes neutrophils and red blood cells to come to the area which are attracted by the pathogen. The third stage has the neutrophils stuffed into the alveoli in the lungs causing little bacteria to be left over. The fourth stage of this disease the remaining residue in the lungs are take out by the macrophages. Aside from these steps pneumonia follows, if the disease should persist further, it can get into the blood causing a systemic reaction resulting in the whole body being affected (Ballough). Some signs and symptoms of this disease are, “fever, malaise, cough, pleuritic chest pain, purulent or blood-tinged sputum” (Henry, 2013). Streptococcal pneumonia is spread through person-to-person contact through aerosol droplets affecting the respiratory tract causing it to get into the human body (Henry, 2013).
It is not unusual for an athlete to have any sort of outbreak during the games (Riccobono). Authorities and health officials are taking this situation very seriously to protect athletes and spectators (Riccobono). All athletes and spectators should be taking smart measures to avoid mosquitoes during the games, like wear extra clothes, have bug repellent, and stay in mobile air conditioned places if possible (?Zika concerns mount?). It would be the only time in history that the Olympic Games have been changed due to health reasons. Rio?s mayor, Eduardo Paes states, ?this is not going to be an Olympics of wasting money.? The colder temperatures around the time of the Olympics should help mosquito population be at a lower risk. Officials are working on the psychological aspect of athletes being scared about the Zika virus (Romero and Ruiz). Federal troops are spraying for mosquitoes across the country (LaGrave).
...t approximately 1%.1, 2, 3, 4 Transmission to humans is either through direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids or infection through the bite of an infected mosquito.1, 2, 3, 4 Rift Valley Fever has been found to have a high capacity for colonization which greatly increases its’ potential emergent risk in Western Nations.2 The virus itself can survive a wide range of bioclimatic environments due to its’ transmission routes.2 The introduction of Rift Valley Fever into regions that were previously unaffected may be due to the potential movement of hosts and vectors through trade or migration.2 The mechanical transport of arthropod vectors is the most probable mechanism of disease dispersal.2 The potential for geographical spread of Rift Valley Fever is the reason why the disease has been identified as a priority emerging disease.2
Yellow Fever is a viral infection that is caused from the bite of an infected female mosquito, they are mainly found in areas of Africa and South America. There are three main types of the Yellow Fever virus: Sylvatic yellow fever, Intermediate yellow fever, and Urban yellow fever. Sylvatic yellow fever also known as jungle yellow fever is started by mosquitoes breeding in tree holes in areas, such as banana plantations; monkeys become infected when they are bitten by an infected mosquito, it continues to spread as uninfected mosquitoes bite and infected monkeys; then the process comes to humans where they become exposed to the virus when they are bitten by and infected mosquitos. The intermediate cycle are only in Africa and is also called
Have you ever lost something in life? Mattie the main character in Fever 1793 has lost a lot. She has shown how strong she has been throughout the book. She shows us how strength is the main theme in this book. She shows you that this gives you a reason to never give up. It helps you get through hard times, and shows you who you really are.
"Ecology and Transmission." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 13 June 2012. Web. 01 May 2014. .
As you exit the bus, another passenger next to you starts to cough, and then you hold the handrail as you exit the bus. Since you’re late getting home, you take a shortcut through a field to get home quicker. These three simple acts just exposed you to bacteria, viruses, and insects that could cause illness or even death. Infectious diseases, also known as communicable disease, are spread by germs. Germs are living things that are found in the air, in the soil, and in water. You can be exposed to germs in many ways, including touching, eating, drinking or breathing something that contains a germ. Animal and insect bites can also spread germs.1
Rheumatic fever is a disease that can occur following bacterial infection with Group A Streptococcus. Predisposing infections also include strep throat tonsillitis and skin infections, such as impetigo, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Overall, rheumatic fever is rare in Australia; however, the rate of rheumatic fever amongst Indigenous Australians is much higher. Rheumatic fever is a serious condition that can lead to long-term complications, such as rheumatic heart disease.
Influenza or flu is caused by RNA viruses of the family orthomyxoviridae, that affects the nose, throat, and lungs- the respiratory system. The common symptoms are: fever and respiratory problems, such as cough, sore throat,stuffy nose, as well as headaches and muscle aches. Influenza viruses are spread mainly by droplets made from people coughing, sneezing or talking while having the flu. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people or can inhaled into the lungs. It is least common for the virus to spread by touching an infected surface then their mouth or nose. Flu viruses are divided into 3 categories, A, B, C. A and B are responsible for problems in the respiratory system that typically occurs during the winter. Influenza types C is quite different from A and B. Type C only cause mild respiratory symptom or none at all.
Q fever is a self-limiting disease generally diagnosed retrospectively complicating clinical assessment of pharmacological treatment. Infectious disease specialists suggest that antibiotics should be used in all cases of acute Q fever to prevent complications, on the other hand that treatment measure is solely recommended acute cases. Treatment initiation should be within 3 days of illness detection for antibiotic treatment to be most effective. The pharmaceutical antibiotic of choice for acute Q fever is tetracycline or doxycycline for a period of seven to fourteen days after diagnosis [Raoult 1993]. One study administered doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily in comparison to erythromycin 500 mg orally every 6 hours for 10 days. Pre-treatment symptoms were similar in both trial groups, but fever was subsided
Geoffrey Garnet and Edward C. Holmes. “The Ecology of Emerging Infectious Disease.” Bioscience. Vol. 46 Issue 2 (1996).
The swine influenza or swine flu is a respiratory disease in pigs that is caused by the type A influenza viruses. These viruses are referred to as swine flu viruses but scientifically the main virus is called the swine triple reassortant (tr) H1N1 influenza virus. When the viruses infect humans they are called variant viruses. This infection has been caused in humans mainly by the H1N1v virus in the United States. The H1N1 virus originates in animals due to improper conditions and the food they ingest. The virus stays in latency form, thus harmless to the respective animal. The longer the animals survive the more likely the virus is to develop and strengthen making it immune to vaccines. The virus reproduced through the lytic cycle. The virus injects its own nucleic acids into a host cell and then they form a circle in the center of the cell. Rather than copying its own nucleic acids, the cell will copy the viral acids. The copies of viral acids then organize themselves as viruses inside of the cell. The membrane will eventually split leaving the viruses free to infect other cells.