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Importance of fire in forest ecosystem
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Logging in the United States
Logging in the United States is a very controversial subject. Many people have different opinions on how we should take care of our forests and sometimes the arguments can get heated. Logging needs to be done to protect small western communities from catastrophic wild fires. Logging also gives small communities a way of income. When people think of logging they think of clear cutting which is damaging to the environment, but clear cutting does not happen too much on the national forests. The Forest Service has strict guidelines in which they follow to make sure the forest will stay healthy for years to come. Logging must be done with wildlife, human effects of the forest, and the health of the forest in mind. Logging can ultimately liberate small towns in the forest from fire danger and liberate the towns from having to depend on surrounding communities for a way of income. The forest and animals are also liberated from dense forest which can suffocate animals and plants. The animals are provided with more food with grasses after logging has accrued. Logging if done right is great for the forest and towns that are in the middle of the woods.
The history of logging goes back to the vast ponderosa pine forests of the southern Colorado Plateau in the 1870’s and 1880’s with the harvest of railroad ties and other products for construction of the transcontinental railroad. At first, the companies only wanted the big, high-grade ponderosa pine trees. They soon realized that the big trees run out and are hard to transport. In the 1920’s, new technology including chainsaws, bulldozers, and logging trucks allowed the logging companies to harvest at a much greater rate. By the depression, there were m...
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... Moir, Will. Logging, 2002.
Land Use History of North America.
<http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/Biota/ponderosafire.htm>
4. Moir, Will. “Mogollon Rim, Arizona”
“National Forest Protection and Restoration Act”
<http://www.theorator.com/bills108/hr2169.html>
5. Johnsgard. North American Owls. Smithsonian pbk, 1982.
6. Maclean, John. Fire and ashes. Henrey holt and company, 2004.
7. Thybony, Scott. Wildfire. Western National Parks Association, 2002.
8. Pyne, Stephen. Tending Fire. Island press, 2004. CRS Report for Congress.
9. .Mexican Spotted Owls: Federal Protection. June 30, 1993, 93-620 ENR
10. Rodeo-Chediski fire Intensity. Map. 7 July. 2002. 20 Mar. 2005
11. Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest Logging and burning. Map. 13 July. 2002. 20 Mar. 2005
12. Reisner, Dave. Personal Interview. 20 March 2005
Logging is a huge industry in the Pacific Northwest for obvious reasons. The abundant, lush, forests are an ideal location for major logging companies to stake their claim. For many Pacific North westerners, and Americans in general, the logging industry is a major part of the economy. Many loggers have been raised and trained for their entire life to become loggers. Many loggers know no other skills to support themselves other than logging and the logging industry. There are many communities located in the Pacific Northwest that are supported fully by the logging industry. Without the logging of the old growth forests, their families and their livelihoods would be ruined.
When the "new" management took over Pacific Lumber the process of "selective cutting" was abandoned and "clear cutting" was adopted. Although "clear cutting" is a way to obtain so-called fast cash, it wa...
The Roaring Twenties approached and the citizens in Colorado were facing rough times. In 1920, many people such as farm owners, manufacturers, and even miners were having a hard time making a living due to an economic downfall. The farmers especially, where facing the toughest of times. The price of various farm-grown goods like wheat, sugar beets, and even cattle was dropping because their goods were no longer needed by the public. Wheat had dropped in price from $2.02 in 1918 to $0.76 by the time 1921 came around. Sadly, the land that they were using to grow wheat became dry and many farmers had to learn to grow through “dryland farming” which became very popular in the eastern plains from 1910 to 1930 (Hard Times: 1920 - 1940). Apple trees began to die due to the lack of desire for apples, poor land, and decreased prices. Over the course of World War I, the prices of farm goods began to increase slowly. Farmers were not the only one facing this economic hardship while others in big cities were enjoying the Roaring Twenties.
Carver, Raymond. “Cathedral.” Reading Literature and Writing Argument. Ed. Missy James and Alan Merickel. Fourth ed. Boston: Longman, 2011. 513-23. Print.
The effects of deforestation around my home and throughout my state are becoming more evident every day. When a deer or other wild game loses its home, they move into cities, urban areas, and parks; thus causing issues with the human population. Most people living in Illinois have hit or nearly killed a deer driving on Southern Illinois roadways. This common occurrence could be kept at bay or maybe even avoided if the deer and wild game had more space to reside. There are many points that coincide with this reality but the main issues are the small subtle ones that affect everyday life and are often overlooked. Picture the Illinois we will leave for our children. Do you see a lush green forest or miles and miles of concrete and steel?
Barnet, Sylvan, and Hugo Bedau. Current Issues and Enduring Questions. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2011, Print.
The United States Department of agriculture Forest Service investigation report on the thirty mile fire.
As people of the twenty-first century, we are all too familiar with the frequent occurrence of wildfires in our nation’s forests. Each year millions of acres of woodlands are destroyed in brutal scorches. It has been estimated that 190 million acres of rangelands in the United States are highly susceptible to catastrophic fires (www.doi.gov/initiatives/forest.html.). About a third of these high-risk forests are located in California (www.sfgate.com). These uncontrollable blazes not only consume our beautiful forests but also the wildlife, our homes and often the lives of those who fight the wildfires. The frequency of these devastating fires has been increasing over the years. In fact, in the years 2000 and 2002, it has been reported that the United States has faced its worst two years in fifty years for mass destruction fires (www.doi.gov/initiatives/forest.html.). The increased natural fuels buildup coupled with droughts have been a prevailing factor in contributing to our wildfires and unhealthy forests (www.blm.gov/nhp/news/releases/pages/2004/pr040303_forests.html). Due to the severity of these wildfires, several regulations and guidelines have been implemented to save our forests. In fact, the President himself has devised a plan in order to restore our forests and prevent further destruction of our woodlands.
Humans have been changing the Western forests' fire system since the settlement by the Europeans and now we are experiencing the consequences of those changes. During the summer of 2002, 6.9 million acres of forests was burnt up in the West (Wildland Fires, 1). This figure is two times the ten year annual average, and it does not look like next summer will be any better (Wildfire Season, 1). Foresters have been trying to restore the forests back to their original conditions by thinning and prescribed fires but have encountered countless delays. Politicians are proposing sweeping changes in bills, which have caused great controversy, in efforts to correct the problems that the Forest Service has faced in restoration projects. Are these bills necessary or is there a better solution that politicians are overlooking?
Meyer, Michael. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1989.
Who are the loggers? The loggers are people that are cutting down the rainforest for materials to use for almost anything you want.loggers want all types of wood. Loggers use the trees for many different reasons and purposes.Like paper to write on and,houses to live in,tables,tools,building,doors and so many more different reasons that i can't even name.Loggers don't just cut trees down for any purpose they do it for you.If you don't know trees are more important to you than you think.they put a roof over our head and make paper to write on.Most of this happen because the loggers cut them down so dont think of this as a bad thing all of the time.
Unlike some other places in the world, North America does not have a huge issue with deforestation. We have seen a large increase in forest density and acreage in the past one hundred years. The use of wood helps decrease the CO2 in out atmosphere and it becomes a carbon sink. Trees help take in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen during photosynthesis – which is important right? Right! Deforestation is the second major human cause of global warming as is the pollution of air, water, and viable oils. Disturbance of these resources can disintegrate the food chain which is not only important to animals, but, humans too.
The devastating effects of hunting are made worse by logging companies that “provide the physical and social infrastructure for this anarchic exploitation. They supply the roads, workers, and ammunition to carry out this growing un-policed commercial enterprise. In the case of the Brazilian Amazon, the building of major roads for loggers to enter inaccessible regions has caused major forest loss, which directly threatens primate populations.
The land, plants, animals, and world are impacted by this harmful practice. Unless the businesses decline in their logging, the problems will only continue to worsen. The key to resolving this controversial operation is in the hands of businesses, the governments, and the people.
A con for logging is the deforestation of the wildlife forests and the emissions from the equipment used to cut them down. That’s at least what the public is told by those who don’t exactly know there facts. As Chad Oliver the author of “Why our buildings should be made of wood” says “The 3.4 billion cubic meters of wood harvested each year accounts for only 20 percent of new annual growth. Increasing the wood harvest to 34 percent or more would have several profound and positive effects. Emissions amounting to 14 to 31 percent of global CO2 would be avoided by creating less steel and concrete, and by storing CO2 in the cell structure of wood products. A further 12 to 19 percent of annual global fossil fuel consumption would be saved, including savings from burning scrap wood and unsellable materials for energy.” The profound effects mentioned are that when all this lumber is cleared out and the forest is bare, that there is room for that much new life to grow so there is no overpopulation. The only cons showed here are with the other material industries if wood stays a major