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Psychology Chapter 1
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of biological and psychological theories of crime
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of biological and psychological theories of crime
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In Samuel Baum’s Lie to Me episode “Blinded” Cal Lightman and his team investigates a copycat serial rapist by interrogating the original rapist. This episode discusses topics such as the psychological theory of crime, criminal personalities, psychopathy, and interrogation methods of police officers. However, in Jerry Bruckheimer’s CSI: Miami episode “Just One Kiss” Horatio’s team investigates the murder of a young bartender and the rape of a young woman. This episode discusses topics such as alibis, interrogation methods, and evidence. Both episodes deal with a different dynamic of psychology and the law, so it is important to look at both methods.
Lie to Me surrounds its series around Dr. Cal Lightman who specializes in non-verbal cues of deception (such as body language), as well as micro-expressions. Micro-expressions are small, very quick expressions that are only detectable through playback. These expressions tell the investigator emotions that the person may be trying to hide. In Lie to Me’s “Blinded” serial rapist Andrew Jenkins is described as a professional, pathological liar. He is in jail for raping multiple women, as well as torturing them. While in jail, Lightman goes undercover for a police agency in order to find a copy-cat rapist. It is believed that Jenkins is associated with the recent rapes although he is in jail. Jenkins tells Lightman in jail, that he blinds the victims so that fear is forever in their lives. He has control over them even after the crime. His personality describes the theory of crime that is psychological because Jenkins shows no empathy for his victims (even when he is face to face with them) and he gets pleasure from the entire process. The copycat rapist in this episode is someo...
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...victims, who were asked questions simply to gain information. This is good because eyewitnesses are not a reliable source of evidence as it can be difficult to recall specifics from the attack. Through various videos shown in class and through research studies, it is evident that eyewitnesses are almost always inaccurate in their statements. Also, there were no line-ups used in either of these episodes, which is also a benefit for the case as line-ups can be easily manipulated by those administering them.
References
Baum, S., Fain, S., Craft, E., & Cheylov, Milan. (6 May 2009). Blinded [Lie to Me]. Baum, Samuel. Los Angeles, California: Fox Studios & Sky 1 Studios [UK].
Zuiker, A., Donahue, A., Mendelsohn, C., McCarthy, L., Witten, M., & Brazil, Scott. (12 October 2002). Just One Kiss [CSI: Miami]. Brukheimer, Jerry. Miami, Florida: CBS Studios.
“A good liar uses the truth.” This is a technique used by notorious imposters Frederic Bourdin, and Frank Abagnale. Although Bourdin posed as a child for a second chance at adolescence, Abagnale posed as an adult to gain financial means and respect. Bourdin and Abagnale’s success in deception can be primarily attributed to their careful observation of their surroundings, as well as their ability to detect the emotions of those around them.
In the article “Is Lying Bad for Us”, Richard Gunderman persuades his readers the effect of lying can have on our daily lives. He expresses strong opinions towards being honest and how lying has negative consequences on not only our mental health but
Twenty lives were lost, including two of the striker’s wives and eleven children, but only one of these lives belonged to the National Guard. With this in mind, it can be debated whether or not this event should be considered a battle or a massacre. Some have argued that, because of the striker’s retaliation, the event should be considered a battle, but because of previous abuse and the guard’s disregard for who they were firing at it and careless destruction, it should be considered a massacre.
In order to incriminate Danial Williams, Joseph Dick, Eric Wilson, and Derek Tice with the rape and murder of Michelle Moore-Bosko, Detectives Maureen Evans and Robert Ford conducted long, grueling interrogation sessions using many provocative and manipulative tactics. Throughout this process, Ford and Evans coerced the suspects into renegotiating their perception of the crime until an entirely new reality was created. This new reality evolved as the police elicited additional confessionary evidence to account for each new piece of physical evidence from the crime scene. Eventually, in an iterative process that had police editing their theories of the crime and then forcing the suspects to claim this new reality as their own, the reconciled reality of the crime became one that was consistent with both the criminal evidence and the suspects’ new perception. An analysis of empirical m...
The television series Moonlight was created by Trevor Munson and Ron Koslow. This television series includes sixteen different episodes. The entire television series was about the immortal private detective Mick St. John that uses his keen senses of the vampire to solve difficult case to help the victims rather than sucking their blood. Mick was turned to a vampire 60 years ago by his wife Coraline when she bites him. Even through now Mick has the body of immortality, and he was always young but he always wanted to be a real human instead of a vampire.
Tyler, Tom R. “Viewing CSI and the Threshold of Guilt: Managing truth and Justice in Reality
Since its debute, Kimberlianne Podlas discusses how “CSI has been attributed with causing a rash of unjustified acquittals, exerting on trials what is called the CSI Effect.” This refers to how CSI influences or impacts a jury’s interpretation of a case. She goes on to say that, “Even though forensic evidence is prevalent on CSI, it is a factor in only a small portion of real-life cases.” Additionally, “many of the techniques shown on CSI do not exist, and this has led “forensic scientists to complain of the near infallibility of forensic science after watching a few episodes of CSI.” The CSI Effect has caused these viewers of the program, who have gone onto become jurors, to expect the presentation of forensic evidence in order to prove their cases, and without it, they are unlikely to reach a guilty verdict. This has led prosecutors to expect the need to present forensic evidence as a prerequisite to conviction. Even with eyewitnesses and other findings to offset this lack of forensic evidence, many unjustified acquittals have resulted from this mindset as jurors do not believe a case can be proven beyond reasonable
Many of today’s interrogation models being utilized in police investigations have an impact on false confessions. The model that has been in the public eye recently is the social psychological process model of interrogation known as the “The Reid Technique.” There are two alternatives used by the police today to replace the Reid Technique, one is the PEACE Model and the other is Cognitive Interviewing. These methods are not interrogation techniques like Reid but interview processes.
PORFIRIO, R., SILVER, A., & URSINI, J. (2001). Film noir reader 3: interviews with filmmakers of the classic noir period. New York, Limelight.
Author Allison Kornet in her article (1997) “The Truth about Lying: Has Lying Gotten a Bad Rap” states that deception or lying has become a part of everyone’s life. A person lies or deceives as often as he brushes his teeth or combs his hair. Many psychologists have neglected or ignored the concept of deception or lying and its effects on everyone’s life. Kornet explains that in the previous two to three decades, the psychologists started noticing or analyzing the effects of a person’s deception on others or why a person lies so many times in his day-to-day life. The person might learn lying from childhood
That, like unreliable narrators, individuals often ‘lie’ to themselves in order to cover up the actual
Costanzo, M., & Krauss, D. (2012). Forensic and Legal Psychology: Psychological Science Applied to Law. New York: Worth Publishers.
Roesch, R., Zapf, P. A., & Hart, S. D. (2010). Forensic psychology and law. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
Stevens, Dennis J. Media and Criminal Justice: the CSI effect. Sadbury: Jones and Bartlett, 2011. 35-38. Print.
Perri, F., & Lichtenwald, T. (2009). WHEN WORLDS COLLIDE: Criminal investigative analysis, forensic psychology, and the timothy masters case. Forensic Examiner, 18(2), 52-52-69.