Letters, Leeches, and Little Girls: Symbolism of Sin in The Scarlet Letter

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Some say to sin is to go to hell, some say sin is a scourge of human nature, some say sin must be confessed, and some say sin must be forced out of people through punishment. The internal consequences of believing one has sinned are more intangible than social attitudes toward sin, but they appear just as often and in just as many different ways. The novel The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, exudes sin. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne uses symbolism to demonstrate the effects of sin not only on public reputation, but also on one’s psychological state. The Scarlet Letter A, which Hester Prynne wears on her chest as punishment for adultery, causes her anguish through ignominy but allows her to improve over time through the public nature of her disgrace. Chillingworth, the leech, punishes Reverend Dimmesdale for his concealed sin, and yet at the same time wastes away due to his own sin of sucking the life out of Dimmesdale. Pearl, the illegitimate child of Hester and Dimmesdale, embodies both the open and the concealed sin of her parents. She is unable to be normal because of this and takes on wild and elf-like qualities. The scarlet letter A marks sin and inflicts punishment for it. It primarily represents open sin and it consequences, such as public shame, as it is worn upon Hester’s breast to punish her for adultery. The ignominy of the letter devastates Hester. “If she survive, the tenderness will either be crushed out of her, or . . . crushed so deeply into her heart that it can never show itself more” (Chapter 13 p. 148). She is tormented by the anguish of her humiliation. Through this she loses much of her tenderness and passion and reverts to be being cold and numb. The pain of her sin numbs her to her own pain. ... ... middle of paper ... ... the story. Dimmesdale is torn apart by the guilt of his concealed sin and his concealed letter A and ends up dying as a consequence. The leech, Chillingworth, is partly responsible for Dimmesdale’s agony and he himself suffers from his sinful leech-like actions of sucking another man's life force away. Pearl is born of sin and is a reminder of sin to her mother. She is airy and wild while the sin still traps her, but after Dimmesdale confesses and frees her from the sin, she represents hope because she can lead a normal life. While sin means something different to everyone, belief that one has sinned often has emotional consequences that are difficult to get past. Although our own experiences may not be as dramatic as those of the characters in The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne reminds us that sin and its consequences are significant in shaping our lives and ourselves.

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