LEARNING ACTIVITY WORKSHEET - Week Two
1. Federalism:
A. One advantage to a national policy that must be implemented by one agency of the federal bureaucracy.
One advantage of a national policy is the “Clean Air Act” it is a policy that protects, maintains and save our environmental air quality. Air pollution in the United States in the 1960’s was very poor and one of the main contributors were the petroleum refineries. Air pollution is collectively responsible for more than 70,000 deaths each year in the United States (Ozymy, Jarrett, 2011). Communities living in close proximity to petroleum refineries are especially vulnerable to pollution-related health problems, as they are routinely subjected to harmful air emissions. This policy’s advantages are making and keeping our air as clean as possible by regulating routine emissions.
B. One disadvantage to a national policy that must be implemented by one agency of the federal bureaucracy.
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These regulations led to a sectoral shift in production and employment away from newly regulated, polluting sectors. The “Clean Air Act” of the 1970s led to a loss of more than 500,000 jobs in regulated sectors relative to unregulated sectors. However, it is difficult to interpret the effects of job loss without knowing the long-run earnings losses associated with these job transitions (Walker, 2013). It is a beneficial act due to the lives saved but the number of people that it affected in the work force was substantial. Workers had to look for new jobs and in many cases new
Exxon/Mobil, one of the nation’s leading oil producers, has its main refinery located in Beaumont, Texas. Each year, the residents of Beaumont/Port Arthur have to contend with the 39,000 pounds of pollution spewed each year by the Exxon refinery. Exxon’s emissions are 385% above the state refinery average. In 1999, the Texas Natural Resources Conservation Committee (TNRCC) allowed the plant to increase their emissions, without allowing the public to have a say in the matter. Interestingly, 95% of the people living near the plant are of African American descent and are in the poverty range. Some believe that this, along with the lack of education in the area, allows Exxon to get away with such high emissions. Residents in nearby neighborhoods have been complaining of headaches, nausea, eye, and throat irritation for years. Since 1997, Mobil has repeatedly violated health standards in its emissions of two key air pollutants: sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, These “rotten egg” smells are so strong, one can smell it through a car driving past the refinery. After numerous complaints and one record of a refinery worker becoming unconscious because of the fumes, the EPA awarded Exxon with a $100,000 environmental justice grant in October of 1998. Hopefully, Exxon has put the money to good use and cleaned up their emissions.
Gulbinas, Vilija. “On the Road to Recovery: an Angelino’s Guide to Smog”. Los Angeles, CA: US. 1998. www.ben2.ucla.edu/~vgulbina
Federalism guards against tyranny because it splits the power, which makes it so no one country can seize all the power.
Federal laws and regulations requiring specific action from state and local governments without providing federal funding to pay for it are called “ unfounded mandates.”
Some of the advantages of having a federal government are that the national level of government can work on the bigger picture tasks while the state government solve the local and specific issues, so that each departments time can be used wisely and efficiently. Furthermore, if citizens took their everyday problems to the national level, then the national government would be over worked and the citizen might have to travel far to even reach the states capital. Each side of the
In addition, a centralized federal system can also be beneficial to citizens during their plight to save the economy. Consider the events that occurred during Franklin Roosevelt’s and Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidential terms. The United States was in a very tough spot economically during the start of Roosevelt’s tenure. As soon as Franklin D. Roosevelt became President, he immediately went to work trying to fight the negative effects that The Great Depression brought upon the U.S. economy. Roosevelt’s Social Security program of 1935 established the nation’s “first insurance program for the elderly, in addition to providing aid to the blind, disabled, elderly, unemployed, and to minor dependent children (Champagne et al). The U.S. government promised Americans that they would fund Roosevelt’s new federal programs as long as states “met specific administrative guidelines” (Champagne et al). Lyndon B. Johnson expanded on Roosevelt’s programs during his presidency by establishing the Medicare and Medicaid programs that provided health insurance for elderly and poverty-stricken individuals. Federally funded state programs that aimed to address and correct specific social problems proved to be successful during Roosevelt’s and Johnson’s tenure because the programs stimulated the economy. Federal programs like Social Security and Medicare also made it
The quality of air we intake on a daily basis is essential to our health, therefore, the EPA’s Clean Air Act provides the groundwork to support the quality of the air which we breathe. One of the goals of the Act was to set and achieve NAAQS in every state by 1975 to address the public health and welfare risks posed by certain air pollutants. The setting of these pollutant standards was coupled with directing the states to develop state implementation plans (SIPs), applicable to appropriate industrial sources in the stat...
Public agencies are state, local, and federal government employers. Through this paper we will be discussing some of the tools and abilities of public agencies and how they influence our public organizations, such as their regulatory process and administrative hearings. Regulations are primary vehicles that are utilized by agencies to implement laws and general agency objectives. The ability to regulate and enforce these standards comes from laws passed by the legislature, which gains its authority through the constitutions of the federal government and the states. It is then the duty of the executive and judicial branches to administer and adjudicate the laws, respectively
On the other hand in a federal system the central authority has broad powers on matters that concern the nation. For example in the USA the central authority controls foreign affairs and defense policy
This is an example of federal officials taking advantage of their power since they
The main job of our bureaucracy is to implement all government policies, to use the laws and decisions made by the rightful elected officials and put them into practice. Some bureaucrats implement policy by writing rules and regulations on formal documents, whereas others try to directly please the public’s people by giving business loans in exchange for positive campaign supporters or by honoring veterans to gain popularity points with the public. This particular tactic of bureaucracy is called public
This policy is politically acceptable by the democratic and republicans’ politicians. Democratic legislatures and administrates will favor this policy because it is based on community and social responsibility, but republicans will approve this policy due it is stands in individual rights and justice, thus rather party will believe that they can support this policy as it will enhance their political outrace. Furthermore, this policy is legal because it specifies communities and federal’s individual actions and standards related to the organization, development of proposal, maintenance of, and adherence to any federal rules or guidelines. On the other hand, this policy satisfies relevant interest groups through it effective evaluation methods,
The Clean Air Act is the elected law which has conveyed to assurance that we have air that isn't contaminated and alright for us to relax. The law principle goal is for public health assurance, and likewise looks to secure the environment from air pollution. The characteristics of the Clean Air Act: Set national health-based air quality standards for insurance against basic pollutants including ozone, carbon monoxide, model dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead. New methodologies were made for cleaning of the air to meet the heath standards inside a concurred period. EPA sets national standards for significant wellsprings of air pollution as autos, trucks and electric force plants.
PURPOSE: To persuade my audience that we must take action now to control air pollution
Lesson study refers to a Japanese program of developing teachers’ profession during their teaching experience. It is a translation from Japanese word Jugyokenkyo which literally means study or research (Fernandez & Yshida, 2012). Fernandez and Yushida (2012) define it as “lessons that are object of ones’ study”. It means that through lesson study, the teachers explore their teaching-based research goals through the several steps which they have defined them earlier. These steps include: collaborative planning, observation, discussion, revising, re-teaching, and sharing reflection. Also, Dudley (2014) defines lesson study as a procedure in which teams of teachers do planning, teaching, observing, and analyzing learning and teaching collaboratively.