The lava lamp first appeared in 1963 when it was invented by a British accountant by the name of Edward Craven Walker, who had never been very successful with the exception from the invention of underwater nudist films (smithsonianmag.com). When Walker first attempted to sell his lamp many local merchants found it ugly and not worthwhile. However, it soon became a symbol for the physadelic movement and sales took off. Walker’s lamp was first called the Astro Lamp; however when the idea was brought over to the United States in the mid 1960’s the name Lava Lite Lamp was coined. Before Walker sold his company, the Crestworth Company of Dorest, over seven million lamps had already been sold and around 400,000 are still sold every year. The original lamp has 52 ounces of liquid, which was usually colored yellow or blue (Bellis). The wax or “lava” inside of the original lamp was either red or white. However, now lava lamps can be found in any size from 12 ounces up to 252 ounces and it can also be found in a large variety of colors.
The basic properties of the modern lava lamp include a translucent liquid, colored wax, a glass vessel, and an incandescent light bulb. The rising and falling of the wax comes from the change in density, of the wax, due to the changes from the heat provided by the lamp. The translucent liquid is either water or an opaque mix of mineral oil, paraffin wax, and carbon tetrachloride. The water is obviously composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Mineral oil is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Paraffin wax is a hydrogen carbon (Cn H2N+2). Carbon Tetrachloride is made of chlorine atoms and chloroform, which is very similar to chlorine but it has an extra hydrogen atom.
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...praying shards of glass a lethal velocity. Mythbusters also proved this to be true (Wikipedia.org)
All of the materials that make up the lava lamp are very basic materials that are not hard to find. Elements are responsible for the makeup of these materials and the three sources from where these elements came are the Big Bang, fusion in stars, or supernovas. Lava lamps were never intended to provide actual light, rather they were intended to be a fun decoration that were different from anything people had seen. When the psychedelic movement came about along with drugs Walker, the inventor, claimed that “If you buy my lamp, you will not need to buy drugs” (Bellis). The lava lamps sales have declined in recent years but about 400,000 lamps are still sold every year. Some even believe that the lava lamp may make a comeback in recent years due to changing times.
Biological waxes are esters of long-chain (C14 to C36) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with long-chain (C16 to C30) alcohols. Their melting points (60 to 100 _C) are generally higher than those of triacylglycerols.In plankton, the free-floating microorganism sat the bottom of the food chain for marine animals, and waxes are the chief storage form of metabolic fuel. Waxes also serve a diversity of other functions related to their water-repellent properties and their firm consistency. Certain skin glands of vertebrates secrete waxes to protect hair and skin and keep it pliable, lubricated, and waterproof. Birds, particularly waterfowl, secrete waxes from their preen glands to keep their feathers water-repellent. The shiny leaves of holly, rhododendrons, poison ivy, and many tropical plants are coated with a thick layer of waxes, which prevents excessive evaporation of water and protects against parasites. Biological waxes find a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries. Lanolin (from lamb’s wool), beeswax carnauba wax (from a Brazilian palm tree), and wax extracted from spermaceti oil (from whales ;)
Glow sticks get their “glow” when two chemicals are mixed together because of a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction is called Chemiluminescence. A Typical glow stick has a plastic tube with a smaller inner tube inside. There are three components, two chemicals and a fluorescent dye which accepts the energy and helps covert to light. There is more than one way to make a glow stick, but the most common uses a solution of hydrogen peroxide and phenyl oxalate ester along with the fluorescent dye. The hydrogen peroxide is in its own compartment away from the other two components until ready to use. The fluorescent dye is what determines the subsequent color of the glow stick when the chemical solutions are combined.
In 1895, Professor Wilhelm C. Roentgen, a German physicist, was working with a cathode ray tube, much like our fluorescent light bulb. The tube consisted of positive and negative electrodes encapsulated in a glass envelope. On November 8, 1895, Roentgen was conducting experiments in his lab on the effects of cathode rays. He evacuated all the air from the tube and passed a high electric voltage through it after filling it with a special gas. When he did this, the tube began to give off a fluorescent glow. Roentgen then shielded the tube with heavy black paper and discovered a green colored fluorescent light could be seen coming from a screen located a few feet away from the tube.
Light sticks work in a similar way. When you “snap” a light stick, the chemical in the glass capsule mixes with a chemical in the plastic tube and creates light energy. Instead of the chemicals used by a firefly, other chemicals are used to create a glow. The light stick that you can buy at a store usually contains hydrogen peroxide, phenyl oxalate ester, and fluorescent dye (New York Times Company, 1 of 3). The light stick will glow the same color as the fluorescent dye placed in it. In luminescence, the chemical reaction “kicks an electron of an atom out of its ‘ground’ (lowest-energy) state into an ‘excited’ (higher-energy) state, then the electron give back the energy in the form of light so it can fall back to it’s ‘ground’ state (Fluorescent Mineral Society, 1 of 2).
Rene Descartes experiment is to melt the wax to try to prove existence. Rene Descartes also shares with us what is happening to the wax while it is close to fire.
As walking into “The American Wing”, I was astonished by the beautiful designs of the oil glass lamps. There were three oil lamps that were on display. Each oil lamp was designed by Boston and Sandwich Glass Company (1825-88). Oil lamps were an essential component in America in the beginning of the 19th century. These lamps designed by clear glass plate with colored glass and designed by a colored layer. There is one large oil glass lamp that was designed with a striking cut-glass stem and its hanging prisms were called a “solar lamp” for the solar deflector over the flame. It is incredible how these lamps are designed, with its bright colors.
Our 100% all natural beeswax candle in Frosted Square Glass Candles burn longer and cleaner than all traditional wax glass candles. Our lovely candles are completely non-toxic, non-allergenic and non-carcinogenic. With its healthful negative ions and warm, halo glows they act like indoor air purifiers. Our candles have been proven to be beneficial for people who have allergies, environmental sensitivities or just too much stress in their life. 100% natural beeswax candles are the cleanest burning candles that you will ever burn. Rest easy knowing that this sophisticated candle is biodegradable and free of synthetics. Pure beeswax candles have many redeeming properties it is a pure, unadulterated fuel, has a
The light bulb changed how we lived now. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, as he grew up he was learning so much knowledge for chemistry and electronics, and his 40 years of research to get the light bulb to work. Thomas Edison is an inventor of major technology. Threw his years he had studied many books by his parents and been reading many books on chemistry and electricity. The more he grew up he started to pursue his education on chemistry and electronics for many years. The more he tried to invent things he had help making of the light bulb with a group of scientists. Thomas Edison is the one who made the light bulb become possible by pursuing more education.
The demonstration of the Incandescent light bulb was held in downtown New York City, New York at financier J.P Morgan’s office. The incandescent light bulb had instantly spread throughout the majority of the American homes and offices. The first incandescent light bulb used a carbon base inside a glass bulb until it became hot to produce a glow, (CITE). Many of the first designs were burning up quickly due to a poor vacuum design. Gas companies once dominated the industry were having a difficult time promoting the arc lamp due to the new invention of the Incandescent light bulb, (CITE). By the year 1892, the distribution of electric power replaced the gas setup, which had formally set up throughout the cities and the majority of the
Today safety glass, which will not splinter when exposed to shock, is in windshields for cars. Essential as it is, safety glass was the result of a clumsy mistake. In 1903, Edouard Benedictus, a French scientist inadvertently knocked a glass flask to the floor when fetching reagents. He heard the glass shatter, but later, he saw the broken pieces of the flask still hung together, more or less in their original contour. Then he learned that the flask had recently held a solution of cellulose nitrate, a liquid plastic, which had evaporated, apparently depositing a thin coating of plastic on the flask’s interior. He experimented with coating glass with liquid plastic, then shattering it and it was not broken. When Benedictus read that most of the drivers seriously injured had been cut by shattered glass windshields, he knew that his unique glass could save lives. Unfortunately, automakers were uninterested in the costly safety glass for windshields. It was not until the outbreak of World War I that safety glass found its first application: as the lenses for gas masks. After automobile executives examined the proven performance of the new glass under the extreme conditions of battle, safety glass’s major application became car windshields. It was very dangerous when something hit your car, the glass was broken and as a result, you would be sore and even dead. But with this unbreakable glass, now you don’t have to worry about this because nothing can touch you from the outside.
There are more than 400 commercial, religious and institutional manufacturers of candles in the United States, in addition to scores of small craft producers for local, non-commercial use.
My study is based on the communication techniques used by Yankee Candle CEO Harlan Kent and his employees as he goes undercover at four different locations to gain a better understanding of his company and how operations take place when he is not around.
Since its adoption in the late 19th century, Edison’s incandescent light bulb has seen remarkably little change and development. In comparison to other technologies, its growth has been almost non-existent. In fact, today’s bulbs operate under the very same principle that Edison’s did: incandescence. Incandescence is the basic principle that heated objects, like the tungsten filament of a light bulb, radiate light. While it is often the simplest solution that is the most successful, it is not always likely to be the most efficient. Traditional incandescent bulbs waste nearly all the energy they consume as heat, leaving very little to be used in the production of light making them one of the least efficient technologies we use every day. Despite this, incandescent bulbs dominate residential lighting with a large role in commercial lighting as well. Americans have always prided themselves on being leaders of technologic advancements and are responsible for some very impressive technology. The semiconductor industry for example, has grown over a million times more efficient in just the past fifty years [CITE]. This reputation makes it surprising that an American technology so radical at the time of its development and so widely adopted in our society has remained so static in time. This paper’s focus is the attributes of this technology that have resulted in such stagnant growth and to investigate other technologies, specifically compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs), which could finally bring this market into the 21st century. Additionally, it looks at policies implemented by the government whose intention is to speed up the adoption of this technology and what the growth of this industry might look lik...
In 1879, after spending $40,000, and performing 1,200 experiments, he succeeded. He made a light bulb using carbonized filaments from cotton thread. Carbonized thread is ordinary cotton sewing thread that has been burned to an ash. The light bulb burned for two days. The electric light took the greatest amount of time and required the most complicated experiments of all his experiments.
Thomas Alva Edison is a very well-known American inventor. He invented about 1093 devices that influenced us greatly, such as light bulb, microphone, telephone receiver, universal stock ticker, phonograph, kinetoscope (used to view moving pictures), storage battery, electric pen, and mimeograph. Edison also improved many other existing devices as well. In the period from 1878 to 1880, Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp. Edison and his associates worked on at least three thousand different theories to develop an efficient incandescent lamp. In 1878, Edison built his first high resistance incandescent electric light. Incandescent lamps make light by using electricity to heat a thin strip of material (called a filament) until it gets hot enough to glow. Many inventors had tried to perfect incandescent lamps to "sub-divide" electric light or make it smaller and weaker than it was in the existing arc lamps, which were too bright to be used for small spaces such as the rooms of a house.Edison's lamp would consist of a filament ho...