Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Roles of first language acquisition in second language acquisition
First and second language acquisition theory
First and second language acquisition theory
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Laredo has seen the growth students who are English Language Learners’ (ELL), due to the problems in Mexico. Teachers are being trained to help develop programs that can be applied to this students. The number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. has increased to nearly 41 million, making it the fourth-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world. As compared to Mexico 121 million, Colombia 48 million, and Spain 46 million, but 22 million of these Spanish speakers are bilingual and can speak English well, while only 16 million don’t speak English that good. “Spanish, obviously, because we have a lot of Spanish-speaking people in our country.” That’s how Hillary Clinton responded to a question by Rachel Maddow of MSNBC about what language …show more content…
It is disheartening when the writing of even advances-level second language students often contain many awkward sentences and non-English like patterns. ESL writers face various linguistic challenges as they write, and they should be allowed to navigate through the writings of others to attend to the linguistic features they may need in order to accurately express their thoughts. ESL writing teachers can help students by providing language support, through models and prewriting activities that will encourage students to recognize certain linguistic forms and stock phrased used by native English speaking writers. They support of a writing center is also essential because a writing center not only introduces students to the academic community, but also serves as a forum where students can negotiate meanings and discover correct language forms so that they can then convey them (doi: 10.1002/tej.2). Most districts have implemented such programs to help students learn how to write in English, so they can be able to take the STAAR exam, which is required by the state of Texas in order to graduate High …show more content…
However, there is big difference between elementary school, where most of the programs designed to scaffold the linguistic and academic needs of ELLs, consequently, elementary teachers are likely to be better prepared than their secondary colleagues (Rubinstein-Avila and Lee, 2015). Nevertheless, because the language of a child is not as extend as a middle school student, they tend to retain more vocabulary than the young adults. One of the advantages of an elementary teacher is that they receive more training on how to prepare to teach ELLs than a secondary teacher since single-subject teachers receive limited preparation for teaching content to ELLs, and as a result are likely not to use the instructional strategies needed to teach this population effectively (Rubinstein-Avila and Lee, 2015). (Rubinstein-Avila and Lee 2015) found that not all teachers showed interest or concern about teaching ELLs in the secondary school. Teachers’ should not be held accountable if the students doesn’t succeed in learning a new language, because ELL students’ success comes also from good behavior and social emotional skills that are developed at home. (Winsler, Kim and Richard 2014) describe that the child’s skill and fluency in the first language-spoken can be an important factor in successful second language acquisition because they use aspects
Much research was completed for the making of this article. It was found that ELL’s need time to develop oral English proficiency, teachers need to use ongoing authentic formative assessments throughout the year due to
While reading this article, one of the most shocking sections was when the students were talking to Monzó and sharing their outlook on their place and their language’s place in society. These students, even at this early age, are feeling how devalued their first language has been. They feel like they have to speak the right* English, only use English in public places, never their first language, and that they must assimilate to the American culture as much as possible. This reminded me of a chapter in Lippi Green (2012)’s text. Within this chapter, Lippi-Green (2012) discusses how in the United States Spanish speakers are not only expected to learn English, but they are expected to learn and utilize the right* English determined by the majority and assimilate entirely to American culture.
...r they had all received the same language instruction for three years (kindergarten, first and second grade). These finding conclude that English language proficiency at the time of entering school does not matter. A good early literacy program works for both L1 students and ESL students who enter school at the kindergarten age. Students at that age are very susceptible to learning new languages quickly. The ESL children had difficulties in kindergarten, but by second grade they had caught up and were right on track with the L1 students and some of them even surpassed the L1 students.
A large number of people in the Hispanic community whether Hispanics are not able to get the English literacy skills that they need not because they want to keep born in Latin America or the United States, speak Spanish primarily. This is basically because in present day time, Hispanics are more likely to pass Spanish to their kids now than they have done in the past. (Ortiz, P.149) This is seen as a social problem, especially because of the fact that there is an increasing demand that English should only be taught in public school and it should also be spoken within the Spanish community. Even though Hispanics do speak a lot of Spanish most of the time, they still do learn English also, especially the young. But, because of the large flow of immigrants, the use of Spanish is used more often because they are constantly encountering immigrants who speak no English. (Ortiz, P. 150) Before hand there has been said to have been lower achievements when Hispanics make frequent use of the Spanish la...
Due to the rise in immigration and the demographics of classrooms in America are changing. As a result, English Language Learners are becoming more common in schools. English Language Learners make up one of the largest demographics in the American Classroom (Flynn & Hill, 2005). These students have been observed to have a major achievement gap because many of these students are placed in mainstream classrooms with basic literacy skills. Many English Language Learners are born in the United States (Goldenberg, 2008). These students have only attended the school system in America. However, the achievement levels are nowhere near the level of their peers. According to Calderon, Slavin, and Sanchez (2011) “these students, who have been in U.S. schools since kindergarten, are still classified as limited English proficient when they reach middle or high school— suggesting strongly that preschool and elementary programs are not adequately addressing the needs of English learners.” The achievement gap between English Language Learners and native English speaking students is extremely high. English Language Learners tests scores are low. According to the 2007 National Assessment of Educational Progress, “fourth grade ELLs scored 36 points lower than their peers on the reading section of the test and 25 points below their peers in math. The results in eighth grade were worse with a difference of 42 points in reading and 37 points in math” (Goldenberg, 2008). The gap between ELLs and non-ELLs are three to eighteen points larger then students from low-income households.
Because America is such a diverse country, public schools are faced with the challenge of providing students from all over the world with a quality education. As Chen points out “public schools have embraced the linguistic challenge presented by immigrant students” (¶1). Then, No Child Left Behind law was approved, and it required every public school should have an English Secondary Language (ESL) program that will provide the “academic support” for English Language Learners (ELLs). ELL parents are happy that their children are getting education help from the school, but it has raised the question of how successful are the ESL programs? Do ESL programs provide enough “academic support” to all ELL students? Do ESL programs have enough tools to help students learn English? Some ELL parents complain that ESL programs do not help their child learn English. A successful ESL program is not based solely on the test scores, but also the ability to connect parents, teachers, and students together to strengthen tools that will help ELL students to learn a new language in reading, writing, and speaking.
English Language Learners (ELL) require thoughtful and careful instruction for both reading and writing education. Both of these skills are necessary for a bright future and to be a functioning citizen in Canada. Those that do not possess considerable literacy levels will be effectively 'locked out' from so much knowledge, information and ideas that are part of the culture of society (Christie 1990, 20). Having a low level of literacy usually means acquiring an unskilled job. The relationship between literacy levels and poverty is something that should not be ignored (Gibbons, 2002). Developing literacy skills in ELLs is a daunting task and especially with students that have not developed those skills in their first language originally. Through the Curriculum Cycle and proper scaffolding of writing strategies, this paper will provide a lesson plan that will help develop an ELL's writing skills. It will include many different tools that will help students gain an understanding and confidence of the narrative writing form.
Her response, “It’s a perpetuation of linguistic terrorism and racism when we focus on English in a region that used to belong to Mexico, and in a region, that’s a Third Space, not quite Mexico, not quite the USA. Our children and families need literature in Spanish, not from Spain, but from the Americas.” I agree with her where the Spanish that needs to be introduced into our school classrooms is the Spanish we use here in conversational settings instead of the old-fashioned Spanish from Spain. Using the native language of the students would allow them to connect more instead of a Spanish they are not used
The focus on utilizing proper English makes ELLs look less competent than they actually are. This often causes teachers to place them in the low-ability reading groups or water down the curriculum, restricting them access to the type of instructional material they need to make adequate academic progress (Camine, Coyne, & Kami’enui, 2007). It is important to consider the range of behaviors that may appear to be linked to learning disabilities but are actually being caused by the ELLs disability to fully under...
Curtin, E. M. (2006). Lessons on effective teaching from middle school ESL students. Middle School Journal, 37(3), 38–45.
America has always been a melting pot of cultures, with differentiation most notably found in language. In fact, the United States has never formally declared an official language. While English remains the most widely-spoken language in America, almost 60 million people in America speak a language in addition to English in the home. The most popular language for bilingual Americans is Spanish, with nearly 37 million people speaking both Spanish and English – a sizable portion of the bilingual population (Ryan, 2013). This isn’t to mention the population of people who speak only Spanish. With this growing diversity comes a wide variety of languages that children are learning in schools and at home, other than English. This has led to an increase in the number of children growing up as “dual language learners,” (DLLs), especially Spanish-English speaking DLLs (Ryan, 2013).
One of the most important skills that second language learners are required to develop is writing. A student when learning a language apart from the L1 needs to be able to write in that particular language. Therefore it is crucial that the teacher will establish the main elements of the writing. Second language learners need to understand an amount of grammar and vocabulary before learning to write but once they have grasped them, teaching can begin. The teacher’s role is to provide the students with all the properties needed in order to write. However, the different approaches to teach second language writing have developed and increased drastically over the past years. There are four major approaches: the product, the process, the ‘post-process’, and genre approach. In this essay, I will develop a writing lesson consulting published materials using two of the above approaches: the product and process approach. As part of the writing lesson I will be explaining the approaches used, why I chose these particular ones and the teaching context.
Language has pioneered many interracial relationships and historical milestones. Language is a necessity for basic communication and cultural diversity. Being multilingual is a skill proven influential to a successful future. Due to rapid globalization, countries all over the world are stressing the importance of learning a second, or even third, language. With the exception of time and lack of resources, adults have very few widely applicable disadvantages to learning multiple languages. However, language learning as a child presents more complications. Some of those include not having enough funding at the elementary school level to introduce a program for secondary language, academic overload for the youth, stress for both the parent and student parties, and the mixing of languages. Not all of these complications are true in any or all situations, however, and the absence of them provides multitudes of opportunity for future career and academic success. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the parents or the education legislation to decide whether they encourage the learning of a secondary language at the young age necessary for retention. “The general consensus is that it takes between five to seven years for an individual to achieve advanced fluency,” therefore the younger a child begins to learn, the more likely they are to benefit to the maximum potential (Robertson). Keeping the language learning in high school or beginning the process earlier is a greatly controversial discussion that is important to address because of the topic’s already lengthy suspension.
In 2009, teachers of a New Jersey school banned foreign languages and stated, “any language other than English will not be tolerated" (Debaron 1). This situation was soon no longer allowed. While over ten percent of the total adolescent education systems contain emergent bilinguals, a whopping sixty percent of those students are educated in only English (Bale). Maria Estela Brisk, a Boston College Education professor, believes, “schools has wasted much energy in the search for a "perfect" model and the best way to learn English” when they could just focus on proving “quality education” to every student in the system (1). Teacher’s main priority should consist of effectively teaching their students to prepare them for the future, but currently there are a lack of certified bilingual education teachers. When students are taught more in different ways, they can educationally benefit their cognitive abilities, involving the brain with “mathematics, problem solving, logic and memory”, can be improved to create an overall better student. Even by learning another language at a earlier age can contribute to __________. Learning another language will be
As time goes by and as the global community develops, the world grows more and more international, making second or third language acquisition become necessary to the majority. With the growing importance of multiple language ability, more and more parents think of bilingual or multilingual education, which means acquisitions of two or more languages, for their kids. In fact, we do have many reasons showing why multilingual education is important and beneficial, such as aspects of interpersonal relationship, employment, brain health, and so on.